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Organizational Modes of Severe Wind-producing Convective Systems over North China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第5期35卷 540-549页

作者： xinlin yang Jianhua SUN Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Severe weather reports and composite radar reflectivity data from 2010-14 over North China were used to analyze the distribution of severe convective wind（SCW） events and their organizational modes of radar reflectivity. The six organizational modes for SCW events（and their proportions） were cluster cells（35.4%）, squall lines（18.4%）, nonlinear-shaped systems（17.8%）, broken lines（11.6%）, individual cells（1.2%）, and bow echoes（0.5%）. The peak month for both squall lines and broken lines was June, whereas it was July for the other four modes. The highest numbers of SCW events were over the mountains, which were generally associated with disorganized systems of cluster cells. In contrast, SCW associated with linear systems occurred mainly over the plains, where stations recorded an average of less than one SCW event per year. Regions with a high frequency of SCW associated with nonlinear-shaped systems also experienced many SCW events associated with squall lines. Values of convective available potential energy, precipitable water, 0-3-km shear, and 0-6-km shear, were demonstrably larger over the plains than over the mountains, which had an evident effect on the organizational modes of SCW events. Therefore, topography may be an important factor in the organizational modes for SCW events over North China.

关键词： severe convective wind organizational mode convective system topography

Initiation,organizational modes and environmental conditions of severe convective wind events during the warm season over North China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2876-2894页

作者： Yue HUANG Jianhua SUN Yuanchun ZHANG Ruoyun MA xinlin yang Fuyou TIAN Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms(LACS) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Earth System Modeling and Prediction Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China College of Aviation Meteorology Civil Aviation Flight University of ChinaGuanghan 618307China National Meteorological Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

Based on the significant weather report,CG lightning,composite radar reflectivity,and ERA5 reanalysis data,we first studied the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of four types(only severe convective wind(SCW);SCW and hail;SCW and short-duration heavy rainfall(SDHR);and SCW,hail,and SDHR)of convective weather events related to SCW during the warm season(May to September)from 2011 to 2018 in North ***,severe convective cases producing SCW were selected to statistically analyze the initiation,decay,lifetime,and organizational characteristics of convective ***,using ERA5 reanalysis data and conventional surface observation data,preconvective soundings were constructed to explore the differences in environmental conditions for initiating convective systems between SCW and *** results indicate that mixed-type of SCW and SDHR events occur more frequently over plains,while other types of convective weather occur more frequently over *** frequency peak of SCW occurs in June,while mixed convective weather peaks in *** initiation time of convective systems is concentrated between 1000 and 1300 BST,with a peak at 1200 *** mountains,the daily peaks of ordinary and significant SCW generally occur at 1700-1800 BST and 1600-1700 BST,respectively,while over plains,the peak of ordinary SCW typically lags behind that of mountains by 1-2 ***,SCW systems are mainly initiated over mountains,with most lifetimes lasting 7–13 *** convective systems produce the most SCW events,followed by trailing-stratiform convective *** convective available potential energy(CAPE),downdraft convective available potential energy,and the temperature difference between 850 and 500 hPa can all distinguish between SCW systems and non-SCW systems occurring over *** to non-SCW convective systems,SCW convective systems over mountains are more likely to occur in environments with less precipitable water,while S

关键词： Severe convective wind Convective systems Initiation Organizational modes Environmental conditions

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Degradation of a fullerene end-capped polycaprolactone by lipase AK

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第29期55卷 3279-3282页

作者： PENG QiYun KANG Feng LI Juan yang xinlin School of Life Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China

Using titrimetric method,enzymatic behavior of lipase AK against fullerene end-capped polycaprolactone(C60-PCL) was studied for the first time,compared with polycaprolactone(PCL).The results showed that degradation of both C60-PCL and PCL by lipase followed Mechaelis-Menten equation,with the degradation parameters of PCL and C60-PCL were 0.75 mg mL-1 and 0.16 mg mL-1 for Km,and 0.90 mL h-1 and 0.43 mL h-1 for Vmax,respectively.C60-PCL had a slower degradation rate than PCL under the same *** data indicated that the introduction of fullerene enabled PCL hard to be degraded by lipase.

关键词：聚己内酯脂肪酶富勒烯降解酶封端 PCL C60 米氏方程

Preparation of P(MBA-co-MAA)/Zr(OH)_(4)/P(EGDMA-co-MAA)/TiO_(2)Tetra-layer Hybrid Microspheres and the Corresponding ZrO_(2)/TiO_(2)Double-shelled Hollow Microspheres

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2014年第2期32卷 163-171页

作者： Dianbin Qin Jinhui Yu Guomin Bian Yonglin Qi Dongwei Zhang xinlin yang Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Ministry of EducationInstitute of Polymer ChemistryCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin)Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Dynea Ltd.Co. Gaoyao CityGuangdong 526105China

Double-shelled zirconia/titania(ZrO_(2)/TiO_(2))hollow microspheres were prepared by the selective removal of the polymer components via the calcination of the corresponding tetra-layer poly(N,N'-methylenebisacryl amide-comethacrylic acid)(P(MBA-co-MAA))/Zr(OH)_(4)/poly(ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate-co-methacrylic acid)(P(EGDMAco-MAA))/TiO_(2)hybrid *** tetra-layer microspheres were synthesized by the combination of the distillation copolymerization of N,N′-methylenebisacryl amide-co-methacrylic acid(MBA)or ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate(EGDMA)crosslinker and methacrylic acid(MAA)for the preparation of polymer core and thirdlayer as well as the controlled sol-gel hydrolysis of inorganic precursors for the construction of zirconium hydroxide(Zr(OH)_(4))and titania(TiO_(2))*** thicknesses of zirconia and titania shell-layers were conveniently controlled via varying the feed of zirconium n-butoxide(Zr(OBu)_(4))and titanium tetrabutoxide(TBOT)during the sol-gel hydrolysis,while the sizes of polymer layers were tuned through a multi-stage distillation precipitation *** structure and morphology of the resultant microspheres were characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffractometer(XRD),X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy(XPS),and thermogrametric analysis(TGA).

关键词： double-shelled microspheres hollow microspheres ZrO_(2)/TiO_(2)microspheres

Inhibition of DNA restrictive endonucleases by aqueous nanoparticle suspension of methanophosphonate fullerene derivatives and its mechanisms

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Science China Chemistry 2009年第5期52卷 626-631页

作者： SONG GaoGuang YAO Lu HUANG Cheng XIE Xin TAN Xin yang xinlin School of Life Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Aqueous nanoparticle suspension of fullerene and its derivatives are currently attracting much attention. To determine the effects of aqueous nanoparticle suspension of a mono-methanophosphonate fullerene and bis-methanophosphonate fullerene (denoted as n-MMPF and n-BMPF, respectively) on the activities of DNA restrictive endonucleases, plasmid pEGFP-N1 was cleaved at a single but differently restrictive site by EcoR I, BamH I, and isozymes Cfr9 I and Xma I, respectively. Both n-MMPF and n-BMPF inhibited the activity of EcoR I, while n-BMPF exhibited stronger inhibition than n-MMPF. Addition of n-BMPF into reaction mixtures inhibited the activities of all the four enzymes, and IC50 values for EcoR I, BamH I, Cfr9 I and Xma I were 4.3, >30, 11.7 and 8.3 μmol/L, respectively. When EcoR I was completely inhibited by n-BMPF, addition of excess amounts of pEGFP-N1 could not produce the product linear plasmid; however, increase of EcoR I amounts antagonized EcoR I inhibition of n-BMPF. Two scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mannitol and sodium azide at the concentrations of 2-10 mmol/L, did not reverse inhibition of n-BMPF, implying that this inhibition probably is not correlated to ROS. These results suggested that aqueous nano-fullerenes might act as inhibitors of DNA restrictive endonucleases.

关键词： mono-and bis-methanophosphonate fullerene aqueous nanoparticle suspension DNA restrictive endonucleases reactive oxygen species

A review of UHMWPE wear-induced osteolysis:the role for early detection of the immune response

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Bone Research 2016年第2期4卷 72-84页

作者： Adrese M Kandahari xinlin yang Kevin A Laroche Abhijit S Dighe Dongfeng Pan Quanjun Cui Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Virginia Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging University of Virginia

In a world where increasing joint arthroplasties are being performed on increasingly younger patients, osteolysis as the leading cause of faiIure after total joint arthroplasty （TJA） has gained considerable attention. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear-induced osteolysis is the process by which prosthetic debris mechanicaIly released from the surface of prosthetic joints induces an immune response that favors bone catabolism, resulting in loosening of prostheses with eventual failure or fracture. The immune response initiated is innate in that it is nonspecific and self-propagating, with monocytic cells and osteoclasts being the main effectors. To date, detecting disease early enough to implement effective intervention without unwanted systemic side effects has been a major barrier. These barriers can be overcome using newer in vivo imaging techniques and modules linked with fluorescence and/or chemotherapies. We discuss the pathogenesis of osteolysis, and provide discussion of the challenges with imaging and therapeutics. We describe a positron emission tomography imaging cinnamoyl-Phe-（D）-Leu-Phe-（D）-Leu-Phe-Lys module, specific to maerophages, which holds promise in early detection of disease and localization of treatment. Further research and increased collaboration among therapeutic and three-dimensional imaging researchers are essential in realizing a solution to clinical osteolysis in TJA.

关键词： UHMWPE RANKL A review of UHMWPE wear-induced osteolysis

Inhibition of DNA restrictive endonucleases and Taq DNA polymerase by trimalonic acid C_(60)

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第13期52卷 1802-1806页

作者： yang xinlin CHEN Zhe MENG XianMei LI Bo TAN Xin School of Life Science and Technology Eeijing Institute of Technology Eeijing 100081 China

Activities of trimalonic acid fullerene (TMA C_60) on DNA restrictive enzymatic reaction were investigated by using two restrictive endonucleases Hind III and EcoR I and plasmid pEGFP-N1 with single restric-tive site for both enzymes. Meanwhile, TMA C60 was also tested to clarify its effects on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the catalyst of Taq DNA polymerase and the template of plasmid pEGFP-N1. The products from restrictive reactions or PCR were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. It was found that the product amounts from restrictive reactions or PCR decreased significantly with addition of TMA C60. The inhibition by TMA C60 was dose-dependent and IC50 values for reactions of Hind III, EcoR I and PCR were 16.3, 6.0 and 6.0 μmol/L, respectively. Addition of two scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS), L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate ester magnesium and sodium azide at the con-centrations of 2―10 mmol/L did not antagonize the activities of TMA C60 against PCR and two restrictive reactions. However, increase of Taq DNA polymerase amounts in PCR system antagonized the activities of TMA C60. These data implied that TMA C60 was able to inhibit the activities of the three above-mentioned enzymes involved in DNA metabolism, and that this inhibition probably did not correlate to ROS.

关键词：内切核苷酸抑制作用 DNA 聚合酶氧化

Progress in Severe Convective Weather Forecasting in China since the 1950s

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第4期34卷 699-719页

作者： Xiaoling ZHANG Jianhua SUN Yongguang ZHENG Yuanchun ZHANG Ruoyun MA xinlin yang Kanghui ZHOU Xuqing HAN National Meteorological Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Key Laboratory of Cloud–Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049

Located in the Asian monsoon region, China frequently experiences severe convective weather(SCW), such as short-duration heavy rainfall(SDHR), thunderstorm high winds, hails, and occasional tornadoes. Progress in SCW forecasting in China is closely related to the construction and development of meteorological observation networks,especially weather radar and meteorological satellite networks. In the late 1950 s, some county-level meteorological bureaus began to conduct empirical hail forecasting based on observations of clouds and surface meteorological variables. It took over half a century to develop a modern comprehensive operational monitoring and warning system for SCW forecast nationwide since the setup of the first weather radar in 1959. The operational SCW forecasting, including real-time monitoring, warnings valid for tens of minutes, watches valid for several hours, and outlooks covering lead times of up to three days, was established in 2009. Operational monitoring and forecasting of thunderstorms,SDHR, thunderstorm high winds, and hails have been carried out. The performance of operational SCW forecasting will be continually improved in the future with the development of convection-resolving numerical models(CRNMs), the upgrade of weather radar networks, the launch of new-generation meteorological satellites, better understanding of meso-γ and microscale SCW systems, and further application of artificial intelligence technology and CRNM predictions.

关键词： severe convective weather(SCW) forecasting radar meteorological satellite artificial intelligence convection-resolving numerical model(CRNM)

Inhibition of M-MuLV reverse transcriptase activity by fullerene derivatives

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第20期51卷 2550-2552页

作者： MENG Xianmei CHEN Zhe LI Bo ZHANG Yufei ZHAO Dongxu yang xinlin School of Life Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081 China

Influence of fullerene (C60) derivatives on M-MuLV reverse transcriptase activity is investi- gated. Two water-soluble fullerene derivatives, fullerol (C60(OH)23-24) and trimalonic acid C60 (TMA C60, C63(COOH)6) are used in the experiments and their effects on in vitro reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of β-actin mRNA in HeLa cells are determined. PCR products are detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. It is found that the amounts of PCR products decrease with addition of either of two fullerene derivatives to RT reaction mixture. The inhibition of fullerene derivatives is dose-dependent, and IC50 values of fullerol and TMA C60 are 0.089 and 0.039 mmol/L, respectively. The amount of PCR products obtained by direct addition of fullerol or TMA C60 to PCR are greater than those obtained by addition of the equivalent amount of fullerol or TMA C60 to RT, indicating an inhibitory ef- fect of fullerol or TMA C60 on RT. The compensative experiment of M-MuLV reverse transcriptase shows that increasing enzyme amounts can antagonize the activity of fullerol or TMA C60. These results imply that fullerenes can inhibit M-MuLV reverse transcriptase activity, with the inhibition of TMA C60 slightly stronger than fullerol, and that their potential in treatment of diseases induced by RNA viruses such as leukemia virus needs further investigation.

关键词： M-MuLV 反转录酶抑制作用水溶性丙二酸