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Carbazolebis(thiadiazole)-core based non-fused ring electron acceptors for efficient organic solar cells

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中国化学快报:英文版 2023年第8期34卷 322-327页

作者： Yongjie Cui Peipei Zhu Xinxin Xia Xinhui Lu Xunfan Liao Yiwang Chen State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials and College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620China National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330022China Department of Physics Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong Kong 999077China

Non-fused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs)have a broad application prospect in the commercialization of organic solar cells(OSCs)due to the advantages of simple synthesis and low cost.The selection of intermediate block cores of non-fused frameworks and the establishment of the relationship between molecular structure and device performance are crucial for the realization of high-performance OSCs.Herein,two A-D-A’-D-A type NFREAs namely CBTBO-4F and CBTBO-4Cl,constructed with a novel electron-deficient block unit N-(2-butyloctyl)-carbazole[3,4-c:5,6-c]bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole(CBT)and bridging unit 4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b’]dithiophene(DTC)coupling with different terminals(IC-2F/2Cl),were designed and synthesized.The two NFREAs feature broad and strong photoresponse from 500 nm to 900 nm due to the strong intramolecular charge transfer characteristics.Compared with CBTBO-4F,CBTBO-4Cl shows better molecular planarity,stronger crystallinity,more ordered molecular stacking,larger van der Waals surface,lower energy level and better active layer morphology,contributing to much better charge separation and transport behaviors in its based devices.As a result,the CBTBO-4Cl based device obtains a higher power conversion efficiency of 10.18%with an open-circuit voltage of 0.80 V and a short-circuit current density of 21.20 mA/cm^(2).These results not only demonstrate the great potential of CBT,a new building block of the benzothiazole family,in the construction of high-performance organic conjugated semiconductors,but also suggest that the terminal chlorination is an effective strategy to improve device performance.

关键词： Carbazolebis(thiadiazole) Non-fused ring electron acceptors A-D-A’-D-A type Molecular planarity Organic solar cells

Synchrotron X-ray Scattering based Third Generation Solar Cell Studies

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Synchrotron X-ray Scattering based Third Generation Solar Ce...

π-Extended End Groups Enable High-Performance All-Polymer Solar Cells with Near-Infrared Absorption

中国化学会第二十次全国电化学大会

作者： Xinhui Lu Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Nowadays, solar industry becomes the fastest growing industry due to the rising demands to solve energy crisis and environmental problems. Third generation solar cells such as organic and perovskite solar cells are all relying on a semiconducting thin-film active layer to harvest the solar energy. The morphology of the active layer in terms of crystal structure, grain size and nanophase separation behavior is known to be critical to the solar cell device performance. Here, we are going to present our recent work on the bulk morphology of several fused ring electron acceptors （FREAs）.

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2023年第23期41卷 3261-3267页

作者： Linfeng Yu Haiqin Xiao Yu Shi Xia Guo Xinxin Xia Xinhui Lu Maojie Zhang Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123 China National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinanShandong250100 China Department of Physics Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong Kong999077 China

Narrow-bandgap n-type polymers are essential for advancing the development of all-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs).Herein,we developed a novel polymer acceptor PNT withπ-extended 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]naphthalen-1-ylidene)malononitrile(CPNM)end groups.Compared to commonly used 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]naphthalen-1ylidene)malononitrile(IC)units,CPNM units have a further extended fused ring,providing the PNT polymer with extended absorption into the near-IR region(903 nm)and exhibiting a narrow optical bandgap(1.37 eV).Furthermore,PNT exhibits a high electron mobility(6.79×10^(−4) cm^(2)·V^(−1)·S^(−1))and a relatively high-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(luMO)energy level of−3.80 eV.When blended with PBDB-T,all-PSC achieves a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 13.7%and a high short-circuit current density(JSC)of 24.4 mA·cm^(−2),mainly attributed to broad absorption(600—900 nm)and efficient charge separation and collection.Our study provides a promising polymer acceptor for all-PSCs and demonstrates thatπ-extended CPNM units are important to achieve high-performance for all-PSCs.

关键词： Polymer acceptors π-Extended end groups High short-circuit current density Narrow-bandgap All-polymer solar cells

Alkyl side chain engineering enables high performance as-cast organic solar cells of over 17%efficiency

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Fundamental Research 2023年第4期3卷 611-617页

作者： Xiang Xu Yazhou Qi Xiaoyan luo Xinxin Xia Xinhui Lu Jun Yuan Yonghua Zhou Yingping Zou State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong Kong 999077China

Achieving high-performance as-cast OSCs is crucial for industrialization in the future,owing to the advantages of better stability,environmental-friendly,and decreasing production cost.In this regard,we synthesized an ADA′D-A type acceptor,Y6-eC6-BO,by shortening the straight alkyl side-chains on the thiophene position from C_(11) to C_(6) as well as lengthening the branched alkyl side-chains on the pyrrole position of Y6 to achieve a stronger crystallization and better miscibility than Y6.As a result,the corresponding chloroform-processed as-cast PM6:Y6-eC6-BO OSC showed a high PCE of 17.33%,which was one of the highest efficiencies of as-cast OSCs.And the as-cast PM6:Y6-eC6-BO OSCs processed from o-xylene displayed a PCE of 16.38%,as far as we know,this is among the highest efficiencies of non-halogenated-solvent processed as-cast OSCs.These results demonstrated tailoring the alkyl side-chain of NFAs is a feasible and simple approach to achieve high performance as-cast OSCs and provides guideline in molecular design in the future.

关键词： Organic solar cells Alkyl side chains As-cast Green solvent Stability

Synergetic Alkoxy Side-Chain and Chlorine-Contained End Group Strategy toward High Performance Ultra-Narrow Bandgap Small Molecule Acceptors

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2023年第20期41卷 2664-2670页

作者： Qingya Wei Songting Liang Beibei Qiu Wei Liu Xiang Xu Xinhui Lu Yuang Fu Jun Yuan Yingping Zou State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha Hunan 410083China Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devicesof Zhejiang Province College of Physics and Electronic Information EngineeringZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaZhejiang 321004China Departmentof Physics The Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong Kong 999077China School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan 450001China

Ultra-narrow bandgap(ultra-NBG)small molecule acceptors(SMAs)show great potential in organic solar cells(OSCs)due to the extended near-infrared(NIR)absorption.In this work,a synergetic alkoxy side-chain and chlorine-contained end group strategy is employed to achieve A-DA'D-A type ultra-NBG SMAs by introducing alkoxy chains with oxygen atom at the second position into the thiopheneβposition as well as replacing the F atoms with Cl atoms in the end group.As a result,the heptacyclic BZO-4F shows a redshifted absorption onset(960 nm)compared with Y11(932 nm)without oxygen atoms in the side chains.Then,the fluorinated end groups are substituted with the chlorinated ones to synthesize BZO-4Cl.The absorption onset of BZO-4Cl is further redshifted to 990 nm,corresponding to an optical ultra-NBG of 1.25 eV.When blending with the polymer donor PBDB-T,the binary devices based on PBDB-T:BZO-4F and PBDB-T:BZO-4Cl deliver power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)over 12%.Furthermore,ternary devices with the addition of BZ4F-O-1 into PBDB-T:BZO-4Cl system achieve the optimal PCE of 15.51%.This work proposes a synergetic alkoxy side-chain and chlorine-contained end group strategy to achieve A-DA'D-A type ultra-NBG SMAs,which is important for future molecular design.

关键词： Organic solar cells A-DA'D-A type small molecule acceptors Ultra-narrow bandgap Alkoxy side chains Ternary strategy π-πstacking

Air-Processed Efficient Organic Solar Cells from Aromatic Hydrocarbon Solvent without Solvent Additive or Post-Treatment:Insights into Solvent Effect on Morphology

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2022年第3期5卷 977-985页

作者： Ruijie Ma Tao Yang Yiqun Xiao Tao Liu Guangye Zhang Zhenghui luo Gang Li Xinhui Lu He Yan Bo Tang College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceKey Laboratory of Molecular and Nano ProbesMinistry of EducationCollaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of ShandongInstitute of Materials and Clean EnergyShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine ChemicalsShandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China College of New Materials and New Energies Shenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen 518118 China Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional MaterialsEnergy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration&ReconstructionHong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina Department of Physics Chinese University of Hong KongNew Territories Hong KongChina Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-Shenzhen Research Institute No.9 Yuexing first RDHi-tech ParkNanshanShenzhen 518057China Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology(SCUT)Guangzhou 510640China

Most of the recent organic solar cells(OSCs)with top-of-the-line efficiencies are processed from organic solvents with a high vapor pressure such as CF in nitrogen-filled glovebox,which is not feasible for large-area manufacturing.Herein,we cast active layers with both aromatic hydrocarbon solvents and halogenated solvents without any solvent additive or post-treatment,as well as interlayers with water and methanol in air(35%relative humidity)for efficient OSCs,except cathode electrode's evaporation is in vacuum.Compared to the PM6:Y6 system that is processed from CF,the PM6:BTP-ClBr2 system demonstrates good efficiency of 16.28%processed from CB and the device based on PM6:BTP-4Cl achieves 16.33%using TMB as its solvent for the active layer.These are among the highest efficiencies for CB-and TMB-processed binary OSCs to date.The molecular packing and phase separation length scales of each combination depend strongly on the solvent,and the overall morphology is the result of the interplay between solvent evaporation(kinetics)and materials miscibility(thermodynamics).Different solvents are required to realize the optimal morphology due to the different miscibility between the donor and acceptor.Finally,17.36%efficiency was achieved by incorporating PC71BM for TMB-processed devices.Our result provides insights into the effect of processing solvent and shows the potential of realizing high-performance OSCs in conditions relevant for industrial fabrication.

关键词： air-processing aromatic hydrocarbon solvent efficiency morphology organic solar cells

Solid Additive-Assisted Layer-by-Layer Processing for 19%Efficiency Binary Organic Solar Cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2023年第7期15卷 16-29页

作者： Guanyu Ding Tianyi Chen Mengting Wang Xinxin Xia Chengliang He Xiangjun Zheng Yaokai Li Di Zhou Xinhui Lu Lijian Zuo Zhikang Xu Hongzheng Chen State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou 310014People’s Republic of China MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China

Morphology is of great significance to the performance of organic solar cells(OSCs),since appropriate morphology could not only promote the exciton dissociation,but also reduce the charge recombination.In this work,we have developed a solid additive-assisted layer-by-layer(SAA-LBL)processing to fabricate high-efficiency OSCs.By adding the solid additive of fatty acid(FA)into polymer donor PM6 solution,controllable pre-phase separation forms between PM6 and FA.This intermixed morphology facilitates the diffusion of acceptor Y6 into the donor PM6 during the LBL processing,due to the good miscibility and fast-solvation of the FA with chloroform solution dripping.Interestingly,this results in the desired morphology with refined phase-separated domain and vertical phase-separation structure to better balance the charge transport/collection and exciton dissociation.Consequently,the binary single junction OSCs based on PM6:Y6 blend reach champion power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 18.16%with SAA-LBL processing,which can be generally applicable to diverse systems,e.g.,the PM6:L8-BO-based devices and thick-film devices.The efficacy of SAA-LBL is confirmed in binary OSCs based on PM6:L8-BO,where record PCEs of 19.02%and 16.44%are realized for devices with 100 and 250 nm active layers,respectively.The work provides a simple but effective way to control the morphology for high-efficiency OSCs and demonstrates the SAA-LBL processing a promising methodology for boosting the industrial manufacturing of OSCs.

关键词： Organic solar cells Fatty acid Solid additive Layer-by-layer Vertical phase separation

Enhancing Photovoltaic Performance of Asymmetric Fused-Ring Electron Acceptor by Expanding Pyrrole to Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2022年第24期40卷 2861-2866页

作者： Zemin Wang Guilong Cai Peiyao Xue Zesheng Liu Boyu Jia Nan Li Jiayu Wang Xinhui Lu Yuze Lin Guojie Wang Xiaowei Zhan School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083 China Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871 China Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong KongNew Territories999077 Hong KongChina Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryBeijing100190 China

We propose a strategy to improve performance of unidirectionally extended fused-ring electron acceptors by using pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole to replace pyrrole ring, and design two asymmetric nonfullerene acceptors 1PIC and 2PIC. Replacing pyrrole in 1PIC with pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole remarkably red-shifts absorption peak by 109 nm, elevates the HOMO and luMO energy levels, and improves electron mobility. The photovoltaic devices based on blend of PM6 donor and 2PIC acceptor exhibit power conversion efficiency as high as 12.6%, which is much higher than that of PM6:1PIC (3.53%), due to more efficient exciton generation and dissociation, faster and more balanced carrier transport and less charge recombination.

关键词： Energy conversion Fused-ring electron acceptor Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole Asymmetric synthesis Semiconductors

Constructing a high concentration CuO/CeO_(2) interface for complete oxidation of toluene:The fantastic application of spatial confinement strategy

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Journal of Rare Earths 2023年第6期41卷 850-861,I0002页

作者： Chao Wang Yan Li Huiao Liu Ziying Hu xinhui Hao Hongpeng Jia Jing Chen Canzhong lu CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of NanomaterialsFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350007China Xiamen Institute of Rare-earth Materials Haixi InstitutesChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

In this paper,CeO_(2) substrate was prepared by the sol-gel method,further CuO was introduced by adding the copper complexes with chelating agents into the sol-gel precursors of CeO_(2),in which different chelating agents(β-cyclodextrin,glucose and trimesic acid)were tried.This synthesis method helps the CuO species to disperse very uniformly in the CeO_(2) substrates.When the amount of copper oxide is up to33 mol%,the CuO/CeO_(2) samples can still maintain a highly dispersed state.The CeO_(2) and CuO/CeO_(2)samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen(H_(2)-TPR),temperature-programed desorption(O_(2)-TPD),etc.It is found that the CuO/CeO_(2) catalyst prepared byβ-cyclodextrin(βCuO/CeO_(2)) exhibits better catalytic performance owing to the higher dispersion,higher specific surface area,more defects,more active Ce3+and Cu^(+) ions,more oxygen vacancies,more surface active oxygen,relatively better low temperature reducibility,and the exposed(110) active facets.In the condition of 1000×10-6toluene in air and WHSV=60000 mL/(g·h),the T90for toluene conversion is 227℃.The reaction mechanism of toluene catalytic oxidation over CeO_(2)andβCuO/CeO_(2) is discussed by the study of in-situ DRIFTS.This work affords a simple and efficient method for the synthesis of highly dispersed bimetal oxide catalysts with high contents.

关键词： Catalytic oxidation Toluene Confinement strategy Chelating agent Rare earths Copper