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Origins of black carbon from anthropogenic emissions and open biomass burning transported to Xishuangbanna, Southwest China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 277-289页

作者： Xuyan Liu SiwenWang Qianqian zhang Chunlai Jiang Linlin Liang Shihao Tang xingying zhang Xiuzhen Han Lin Zhu National Satellite Meteorological Center Beijing 100081China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China Department of Multiphase Chemistry Max Planck Institute for ChemistryMainz 55128Germany Research Center for Total Pollution Load Control and Emission Trading Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing 100012China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China

Black carbon(BC) has importance regarding aerosol composition, radiative balance, and human exposure. This study adopted a backward-trajectory approach to quantify the origins of BC from anthropogenic emissions(BCAn) and open biomass burning(BCBB) transported to Xishuangbanna in 2017. Haze months, between haze and clean months, and clean months in Xishuangbanna were defined according to daily PM_(2.5)concentrations of >75, 35–75, and<35 μg/m^(3), respectively. Results showed that the transport efficiency density(TED) of BC transported to Xishuangbanna was controlled by the prevailing winds in different *** yearly contributions to the effective emission intensity of BCAnand BCBBtransported to Xishuangbanna were 52% and 48%, respectively. However, when haze occurred in Xishuangbanna, the average BCAnand BCBBcontributions were 23% and 77%, respectively. This suggests that open biomass burning(BB) becomes the dominant source in haze months. Myanmar, India, and Laos were the dominant source regions of BC transported to Xishuangbanna during haze months, accounting for 59%, 18%, and 13% of the total, respectively. Furthermore, India was identified as the most important source regions of BCAntransported to Xishuangbanna in haze months, accounting for 14%. The two countries making the greatest contributions to BCBBtransported to Xishuangbanna were Myanmar and Laos in haze months, accounting for 55% and 13%, respectively. BC emissions from Xishuangbanna had minimal effects on the results of the present study. It is suggested that open BB in Myanmar and Laos, and anthropogenic emissions in India were responsible for poor air quality in Xishuangbanna.

关键词： Black carbon Xishuangbanna Effective emission intensity Anthropogenic emissions Open biomass burning

Fast CO_(2) Retrieval Using a Semi-Physical Statistical Model for the High-Resolution Spectrometer on the Fengyun-3D Satellite

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2022年第2期36卷 374-386页

作者： Yanmeng BI Peng zhang Zhongdong YANG Qian WANG xingying zhang Chengbao LIU Pengmei XU Lizhou HOU Junyu KE Naiqiang zhang Innovation Center for Fengyun Meteorological Satellite Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental SatellitesNational Satellite Meteorological CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 China Academy of Space Technology Beijing 100081 Huayun ShineTek Beijing 100081

China’s Fengyun-3D meteorological satellite launched in December 2016 carries the high-resolution greenhouse-gases absorption spectrometer(GAS)aimed at providing global observations of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).To date,GAS is one of the few instruments measuring CO_(2) from the near-infrared *** orbit,the oxygen(O_(2))A band suffers a disturbance,and the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)is significantly lower than the nominal *** leads to difficulties in the retrieval of surface pressure and hence a degradation of the retrieval of the column-averaged CO_(2) dry air mole fraction(XCO_(2))if a full physics retrieval algorithm is ***,a fast CO_(2) inverse method,named semi-physical statistical algorithm,was developed to overcome this *** instrument characteristics,the semi-physical statistical algorithm,and the results of comparison with ground-based measurements over land were introduced in this ***_(2) can be obtained from three bands,namely,the O_(2) A,weak CO_(2),and strong CO_(2) bands,with compensation from the Medium Resolution Spectral Imager-2(MERSI-2)products,ECMWF Reanaly-sis v5(ERA-5)data,and Total Carbon Column Observing Network(TCCON)*** eigenvectors of covariance matrices and the least square fits were used to derive retrieval coefficients and yield cloud-free *** addition to the GAS radiance,some key factors necessary for the accurate estimations of XCO_(2) were also taken as input information(e.g.,air mass,surface pressure,and a priori XCO_(2)).The global GAS XCO_(2) restricted over land was compared against the simultaneously collocated observations from *** retrieval algorithm can mitigate the issue caused by the low SNR of the O_(2) A band to a certain ***,through site-by-site comparisons,GAS XCO_(2) agreed well with the average precision(1σ)of 1.52 ppm and bias of−0.007 *** seasonal variation trends of GAS XCO_(2) can be clearly seen at TCCON sites on the 1-yr timescale.

关键词： carbon dioxide fast retrieval Fengyun-3 high-resolution spectrometer

XCO_2 satellite retrieval experiments in short-wave and infrared spectra with SCIATRAN model for Sahara Desert

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第11期59卷 2252-2259页

作者： LI YanFen zhang ChunMin DAI HaiShan zhang xingying zhang Peng School of Science Xi'an Jiaotong University Institute of Satellite Engineering China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites National Satellite Meteorological Center State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The spectra of O_2 A-band(0.76 μm) and CO_2 near-infrared emissions(1.6 μm) are simulated by the SCIATRAN radiative transfer model(V3.1.23), and compared with those observed by GOSAT-FTS(Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite-Fourier Transform Spectrometer). Systematic deviations between the observed and simulated spectra are found to exist,especially for the O_2 A-band. The discrepancies are characterized by their mean differences averaged over the observed spectral ranges. A correction is applied to the observed GOSAT-FTS L1B(V141.141) spectra by scaling the spectral intensity measured by TANSO-FTS(Thermal and Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observation Fourier Transform Spectrometer) onboard *** average columnar CO_2 concentrations(XCO_2) are retrieved from the observed and the corrected GOSAT-FTS spectra by using the SCIATRAN inversion algorithm. Compared with the GOSAT-FTS L2 XCO_2 data products retrieved from the observed spectra of GOSAT-FTS, the SCIATRAN retrievals from the corrected spectra show a much better agreement, with the relative error less than 1%. But the results of GOSAT TANSO-FTS(V161.160) show smaller residuals than GOSAT TANSO-FTS(V141.141) without mean residual correction. The results indicate that the mean residual correction would increase the precision of XCO_2 retrieval for spectra with systematic deviations.

关键词： GOSAT 英尺 SCIATRAN 模型意味着剩余修正 XCO 2

Temporal and spatial distribution of tropospheric CO_2 over China based on satellite observations

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第31期55卷 3612-3618页

作者： BAI WenGuang zhang xingying zhang Peng Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites China Meteorological Administration (LRCVES/CMA) National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

Mid-troposphere CO2 data retrieved by the AIRS(atmospheric infrared sounder) were validated with five ground-based stations and aircraft measurements in the Northern *** CO2 products show good agreement with ground and aircraft *** data had a monthly average accuracy better than 3 *** this study,the spatial and temporal distribution of mid-troposphere CO2 from January 2003 to December 2008 was analyzed based on this satellite *** average concentration of atmospheric CO2 was higher in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern *** yearly average results show a gradual increase from 2003 to *** China,the annual growth rate was about 2 ppmv/a,similar to the United States,Europe,Australia and India,but was slightly lower than Canada and ***-troposphere CO2 concentrations were higher over northern China than over southern areas,due to differences in natural conditions and industrial *** were four centers of high CO2 concentration between 35° and 45°N over China,with low concentrations over Yunnan *** was a significant seasonal CO2 variation with peak concentration in spring and the lowest concentration in autumn.

关键词：二氧化碳浓度中国南部地区对流层卫星观测数据时空分布大气CO2 平均精度红外探测仪

The trend, seasonal cycle, and sources of tropospheric NO_2 over China during 1997―2006 based on satellite measurement

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第12期50卷 1877-1884页

作者： zhang xingying zhang Peng zhang Yan LI XiaoJing QIU Hong Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites China Meteorological Administration LRCVES/CMA National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites China Meteorological Administration LRCVES/CMA National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites China Meteorological Administration LRCVES/CMA National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites China Meteorological Administration LRCVES/CMA National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites China Meteorological Administration LRCVES/CMA National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China

The characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution of tropospheric NO2 column density concen-tration over China are presented,on the basis of measurements from the satellite instruments GOME and *** these observations,monthly averaged tropospheric NO2 variations are deter-mined for the period of 1997 to *** trend and seasonal cycle are also *** possible source of tropospheric NO2 over megacity area is discussed in this *** results show a large growth of tropospheric NO2 over eastern China,especially above the industrial areas with a fast eco-nomical growth,such as,Yangtze Rive Delta region and Pearl River Delta region because of the prominent anthropogenic *** is a rapid increase of tropospheric NO2 over megacities in *** instance,Shanghai had a linear significant increase in NO2 columns of ～20% per year(ref-erence year 1997) in the period of 1997―2006,which is the rapidest increase among all the selected *** seasonal pattern of the NO2 concentration shows a difference between the east and west in *** the eastern part of China,an expected winter maximum in seasonal cycle is found because of the prominent anthropogenic activity and meteorological *** the western part this cycle shows a NO2 maximum in summer time,which is attributed to natural emissions,especially soil emissions and lightning.A quickly increasing vehicle population may contribute to the increase of tropo-spheric NO2 over megacities in China for the remarkable correlation for vehicle population with tropospheric NO2.

关键词： tropospheric NO2, satellite instruments, trend, seasonal cycle and sources

Temperature effect on CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome editing

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2017年第4期44卷 199-205页

作者： Guanghai Xiang xingying zhang Chenrui An Chen Cheng Haoyi Wang State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 700049 China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

Zinc-finger nuclease（ZFN）, transcription activator-like effector nuclease（TALEN）, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9（CRISPR-Cas9） are the most commonly used genome editing tools. Previous studies demonstrated that hypothermia treatment increased the mutation rates induced by ZFNs and TALENs in mammalian cells. Here, we characterize the effect of different culture temperatures on CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome editing and find that the genome editing efficiency of CRISPR-Cas9 is significantly hampered by hypothermia treatment, unlike ZFN and TALEN. In addition, hyperthermia culture condition enhances genome editing by CRISPR-Cas9 in some cell lines, due to the higher enzyme activity and sg RNA expression level at higher temperature. Our study has implications on CRISPR-Cas9 applications in a broad spectrum of species, many of which do not live at 37 C.

关键词： CRISPR-Cas9 Hyperthermia Genome editing Mammalian cells

Retrieval of global terrestrial solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence from TanSat satellite

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Science Bulletin 2018年第22期63卷 1502-1512页

作者： Shanshan Du Liangyun Liu Xinjie Liu Xiao zhang xingying zhang Yanmeng Bi Lianchong zhang Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital EarthChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

The first Chinese Carbon Dioxide Observation Satellite Mission(TanSat), which was launched on December 21, 2016, is intended to measure atmospheric CO_2 *** high spectral resolution(0.044 nm) and high SNR(360 at 15.2 mW m^(-1) sr^(-1) nm^(-1)) measurements in the region of the O_2-A band of the Atmospheric Carbon dioxide Grating Spectroradiometer(AGCS) module onboard TanSat make it possible to retrieve solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence(SIF) from TanSat observations at the global *** paper aims to explore the potential of the TanSat data for global SIF retrieval.A singular vector decomposition(SVD) statistical method was employed to retrieve SIF using radiance over a micro spectral window(～2 nm) around the Fe Fraunhofer lines(centered at 758.8 nm).The global SIF at 758.8 nm was successfully retrieved with a low residual error of 0.03 mW m^(-1) sr^(-1) nm^(-1).The results show that the spatial and temporal patterns of the retrieved SIF agree well with the global terrestrial vegetation *** monthly SIF products retrieved from the TanSat data were compared with other remote sensing datasets, including OCO-2 SIF, MODIS NDVI, EVI and *** overall consistency between TanSat and OCO-2 SIF products(R^2= 0.86) and the consistency of the spatial patterns and temporal variations between the TanSat SIF and MODIS vegetation indices and GPP enhance our confidence in the potential and feasibility of TanSat data for SIF ***, therefore, provides a new opportunity for global sampling of SIF at fine spatial resolution(2 km × 2 km), thus improving photosynthesis observations from space.

关键词： TanSat Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence Singular vector decomposition Vegetation index MODIS OCO-2 GPP

A high-accuracy method for simulating the XCO_2 global distribution using GOSAT retrieval data

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中国科学：地球科学英文版 2017年第1期60卷 143-155页

作者： ZHAO MingWei zhang xingying YUE TianXiang WANG Chun JIANG Ling SUN JingLu Anhui Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Integration and Application Chuzhou University National Satellite Meteorology Center China Meteorological Administration State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System Institute of Geographical Science and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Anhui Institute of Economics

A high-accuracy surface modeling(HASM)method based on the fundamental theorem of surfaces,is developed to simulate XCO_2 surfaces using the GOSAT retrieval XCO_2 *** tests are designed to investigate the simulation *** first test divides the existing satellite retrieval XCO2 data into training points and testing points,and simulates the XCO2 surface using the training points while computing the simulation error using the testing *** absolute mean error(MAE)of the testing points is 1.189 ppmv,and the corresponding values of the comparison methods,Ordinary Kriging,IDW,and Spline are1.203,1.301,and 1.355 ppmv,*** second test simulates the XCO_2 surface using all the satellite retrieval points and uses the TCCON(Total Carbon Column Observing Network)site observation values as the ture *** the six typical TCCON sites,the HASM simulation MAE is 1.688 ppmv,and the satellite retrieval MAE at the same sites is 2.147 *** results indicate that HASM can successfully simulate XCO_2 surfaces based on satellite retrieval data.

关键词： HASM GOSAT TCCON XCO2 表面

Bridging wounds:tissue adhesives’essential mechanisms,synthesis and characterization,bioinspired adhesives and future perspectives

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Burns & Trauma 2022年第1期10卷 216-245页

作者： Kaige Xu Xiaozhuo Wu xingying zhang Malcolm Xing Department of Mechanical Engineering University of ManitobaWinnipegManitoba R3T 2N2Canada

Bioadhesives act as a bridge in wound closure by forming an effective interface to protect against liquid and gas leakage and aid the stoppage of *** their credit,tissue adhesives have made an indelible impact on almost all wound-related *** unique properties include minimal damage to tissues,low chance of infection,ease of use and short wound-closure *** contrast,classic closures,like suturing and stapling,exhibit potential additional complications with long operation times and undesirable inflammatory *** tremendous progress has been made in the development of tissue adhesives,they are not yet ***,highlighting and summarizing existing adhesive designs and synthesis,and comparing the different products will contribute to future *** review first provides a summary of current commercial traditional tissue ***,based on adhesion interaction mechanisms,the tissue adhesives are categorized into three main types:adhesive patches that bind molecularly with tissue,tissuestitching adhesives based on pre-polymer or precursor solutions,and bioinspired or biomimetic tissue *** specific adhesion mechanisms,properties and related applications are *** adhesion mechanisms of commercial traditional adhesives as well as their limitations and shortcomings are also ***,we also discuss the future perspectives of tissue adhesives.

关键词： Adhesive patch Adhesion mechanism Nature-inspired Tissue adhesives Bioadhesives