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Seasonal variation and source apportionment of organic and inorganic compounds in PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) particulates in Beijing,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第4期25卷 741-750页

作者： xingru li Yuesi Wang Xueqing Guo Yingfeng Wang Department of Chemistry Analytical and Testing CenterCapital Normal University State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

The distribution and source of the solvent-extractable organic and inorganic components in PM2.5 （aerodynamics equivalent diameter below 2.5 microns）, and PM10 （aerodynamics equivalent diameter below 10 microns） fractions of airborne particles were studied weekly from September 2006 to August 2007 in Beijing. The extracted organic and inorganic compounds identified in both particle size ranges consisted of n-alkanes, PAHs （polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons）, fatty acids and water soluble ions. The potential emission sources of these organic compounds were reconciled by combining the values of n-alkane carbon preference index （CPI）, %waxCn, selected diagnostic ratios of PAHs and principal component analysis in both size ranges. The mean cumulative concentrations of n-alkanes reached 1128.65 ng/m3 in Beijing, 74% of which （i.e., 831.7 ng/m3） was in the PM2.5 fraction, PAHs reached 136.45 ng/m3 （113.44 ng/m3 or 83% in PM2.5）, and fatty acids reached 436.99 ng/m3 （324.41 ng/m3 or 74% in PM2.5）, which resulted in overall enrichment in the fine particles. The average concentrations of SO42-, NO3-, and NH4＋ were 21.3 ± 15.2, 6.1 ±1.8, 12.5 ± 6.1 μg/m3 in PM2.5, and 25.8±15.5, 8.9± 2.6, 16.9±9.5 μg/m3 in PM10, respectively. These three secondary ions primarily existed as ammonium sulfate （（NH4）2SO4）, ammonium bisulfate （NH4HSO4） and ammonium nitrate （NH4NO3）. The characteristic ratios of PAHs revealed that the primary sources of PAHs were coal combustion, followed by gasoline combustion. The ratios of stearic/palmitic acid indicated the major contribution of vehicle emissions to fatty acids in airborne particles. The major alkane sources were biogenic sources and fossil fuel combustion. The major sources of PAHs were vehicular emission and coal combustion.

关键词： airborne particles organic compounds size distribution source

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Seasonal variation and sources of derivatized phenols in atmospheric fine particulate matter in North China Plain

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第3期32卷 136-144页

作者： Yang Yang xingru li Rongrong Shen Zirui liu Dongsheng Ji Yuesi Wang Department of Chemistry Analytical and Testing CenterCapital Normal UniversityBeijing100048China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China

Qualitative and quantitative analyses of derivatized phenols in Beijing and in Xinglong were performed from 2016 to 2017 using gas chromatography-mass *** results showed substantially more severe pollution in *** the 14 compounds detected,the total average concentration was 100 ng/m^3 in Beijing,compared with 11.6 ng/m^3 in *** specifically,concentration of nitro-aromatic compounds(NACs)(81.9 ng/m^3 in Beijing and 8.49 ng/m^3 in Xinglong) was the highest,followed by aromatic acids(14.6 ng/m^3 in Beijing and 2.42 ng/m^3 in Xinglong) and aromatic aldehydes(3.62 ng/m^3 in Beijing and 0.681 ng/m^3 in Xinglong).In terms of seasonal variation,the highest concentrations were found for 4-nitrocatechol in winter in Beijing(79.1±63.9 ng/m^3) and 4-nitrophenol in winter in Xinglong(9.72±8.94 ng/m^3).The analysis also revealed diurnal variations across different *** compounds presented higher concentrations at night in winter because of the decreased boundary layer height and increased heating *** some presented higher levels during the day,which attributed to the photo-oxidation process for summer and more biomass burning activities for *** concentrations appeared in winter and autumn than in spring and summer,which resulted from more coal combustions and adverse meteorological *** significant correlations among NACs indicated similar sources of *** correlations presented within each subgroup than those between the *** correlations between levoglucosan and nitrophenols,nitrocatechols,nitro salicylic acids,with correlation coefficients(r) of 0.66,0.69 and 0.69,respectively,indicating an important role of biomass burning among primary sources.

关键词： Derivated phenols Diurnal and seasonal variations Correlation analysis North China plain PM2.5

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Distribution and sources of solvent extractable organic compounds in PM_(2.5) during 2007 Chinese Spring Festival in Beijing

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第2期21卷 142-149页

作者： li xingru GUO Xueqing liU Xinran liU Chenshu ZHANG Shanshan WANG Yuesi Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Department of Chemistry Analytical and Testing Center Capital Normal University Beifing 100037 China

The solvent extractable organic compounds （SEOC）, including n-alkanes, polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons, fatty acids, and dicarboxylic acids in PM2.5 during the 2007 Chinese Spring Festival in Beijing, were measured via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determining the characteristics and sources of these organic pollutants. The concentrations of total n-alkanes, PAHs, and organic acids before Chinese Spring Festival Eve （1025.5, 95.9, and 543.3 ng/m3, respectively） were higher than those after （536.6, 58.9, and 331.8 ng/m3, respectively）, n-Aalkanes and PAHs had much higher concentration in nighttime than those in daytime because of high relative humidity and low wind speed during the night. Combustion of coal and exhaust emission were major sources of n- alkanes. It could be concluded by the characteristic ratios that the primary source of PAHs in fine particles was the combustion of coal, but the combustion of gasoline was in the next place. The ratios of C18：0/C16 indicated the contribution of vehicular emissions to the fatty acids. Dicarboxylic and aromatic acids were abundant in daytime than in nighttime because these acids were secondary organic acid and the photochemical degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons was the main source.

关键词： aerosol PM2.5 Chinese Spring Festival solvent extractable organic compounds

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Pollen evidence from Baode of the northern Loess Plateau of China and strong East Asian summer monsoons during the Early Pliocene

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第1期56卷 64-69页

作者： li xingru FANG XiaoMin WU Fuli MIAO YunFa Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes (TEL) Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems Ministry of Education & College of Resources and Environment Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China

The red clay eolian sequence on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) is an important archive for paleoclimate change from the late Miocene to Pliocene,and can provide significant information for the controversial problems of East Asian monsoon evolution and its forcing *** this study,we present a pollen record from Baode,northern *** record shows four stages of paleoecological *** 5.6-4.4 Ma,a forest steppe ecosystem developed under an extremely warm period with high seasonal *** 4.4 Ma,a drier episode occurred,which prompted parkland landscapes to *** 3.5-3.05 Ma,the environment changed to a rather open steppe ecosystem with a much cooler and drier *** 3.05 Ma,the vegetation evolved to forest *** the percentages of arboreal plants to mirror precipitation,and comparing with other published pollen data from the CLP,we find the existence of S-N directionality of the precipitation change and high percentage of arboreal plants in the entire CLP during the Early Pliocene,which suggest the CLP was characterized by a strong East Asian summer *** strong summer monsoon corresponds well to the low global ice volume,which may illuminate global climate mechanism for the summer monsoon evolution in the early Pliocene.

关键词：东亚夏季风中国黄土高原花粉记录上新世黄土高原北部早期草原生态系统古气候变化

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Source apportionment of PM_(2.5)and visibility in Jinan,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第4期33卷 207-215页

作者： Mengtian Cheng Guiqian Tang Bo Lv xingru li Xinrui Wu Yiming Wang Yuesi Wang Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of Ministry of Education College of Atmospheric SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry(LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Jinan Ecological and Environment Monitoring Center of Shandong Province Jinan 250000China Capital Normal University Beijing 100048China

Atmospheric extinction is impacted by the chemical composition of *** better understand the chemical composition of PM_(2.5)(particles with diameters of less than 2.5μm)and its relationship with extinction,one-month sampling campaigns were carried out in four different seasons from 2013 to 2014 in Jinan,*** seasonal average concentrations of PM_(2.5)were 120.9(autumn),156.6(winter),102.5(spring),and 111.8μg/m^(3)(summer).The reconstructed PM_(2.5)chemical composition showed that sulfate,nitrate,chlorine salt,organic matter(OM),mineral dust,elemental carbon(EC)and others accounted for 25%,14%,2%,24%,22%,3%and 10%,*** relationship between the chemical composition of PM_(2.5)and visibility was reconstructed by the IMPROVE method,and ammonium sulfate,ammonium nitrate,OM and EC dominated the *** main sources were resolved for PM_(2.5),including secondary particles,coal combustion,biomass burning,industry,motor vehicle exhaust,soil dust and cooking,which accounted for 37%,21%,13%,13%,12%,3%and 1%,*** contributions of different sources to visibility were similar to those to PM_(2.5).With increasing severity of air pollution,the contributions of secondary particles and coal combustion increased,while the contribution of motor vehicle exhaust *** results showed that coal combustion and biomass burning were still the main sources of air pollution in Jinan.

关键词： PM_(2.5) Jinan Source apportionment Extinction

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Secondary organic aerosols in Jinan, an urban site in North China: Significant anthropogenic contributions to heavy pollution

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第6期31卷 107-115页

作者： Yusi liu xingru li Guiqian Tang lili Wang Bo Lv Xueqing Guo Yuesi Wang Department of Chemistry Analytical and Testing Center Capital Normal University State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorology Administration Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Jinan Environmental Monitoring Center

Secondary organic aerosols(SOAs) are an important component of particulates, but whether biogenic SOAs(BSOAs) or anthropogenic SOAs(ASOAs) are the dominant contributors to haze pollution remains poorly characterized. In this study, particulate samples were collected from September 2014 to August 2015 at an urban site in Jinan, which is the capital of Shandong Province and a typical city in the North China Plain. The PM2.5 samples were analyzed for BSOA(isoprene(SOAI) and monoterpenes(SOAM)) and ASOA(aromatic(SOAA)) tracers. The concentrations of the SOAAtracer(1.1 ± 1.0 ng/m3) were lowest, and those of SOAItracers(41.8 ± 86.2 ng/m3) were highest, with the concentrations of SOAMtracers(19.4 ± 9.9 ng/m3) being intermediate. The SOAItracers were more abundant in the summer and less abundant in the winter. Both SOAIand SOAMincreased with increasing ozone level but decreased with increasing NOx level. Correlation analysis revealed a good correlation between 2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxopentanoic acid and levoglucosan levels in three seasons. These results suggested that biomass burning activities occurring in the NCP can enhance the emissions of aromatics and should be controlled, especially in the autumn and winter. SOA tracers were classified according to pollution degree, and the results showed that as pollution increases, the contributions of SOAAincrease. These results indicate that reducing anthropogenic emissions is necessary to prevent SOA pollution, especially during heavy pollution episodes.

关键词： Seasonal variations Biogenic secondary organic aerosols Biomass burning Anthropogenic contributions

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美国页岩气公共研发的经验与启示

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中国科技论坛 2016年第4期 147-153页

作者：李杏茹中国国土资源经济研究院北京101149

本文论述了美国政府进行的一系列页岩气的科技活动,总结了其科技投入的经验,同时分析了中国页岩气科技研发中的问题,提出了建立投入与转化的高效协同、加强部门间协调、完善资料共享等对策建议。

关键词：美国页岩气公共研发对策

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Secondary organic aerosols in a typical urban site in North China: significant anthropogenic contributions to heavy pollution

Secondary organic aerosols in a typical urban site in North ...

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第十三届全国气溶胶会议

作者： liU Yusi li xingru TANG Guiqian WANG lili LV Bo GUO Xueqing WANG Yuesi Department of Chemistry Analytical and Testing CenterCapital Normal University State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Jinan Environmental Monitoring Center Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences

Secondary organic aerosols(SOAs) affect the chemical constitution of the atmosphere, earth’s radiative balance and water *** comprise biogenic SOAs(BSOAs) and anthropogenic SOAs(ASOAs), but whether BSOAs or ASOAs are the dominant contributors to haze pollution remains poorly *** this study, particulate samples were collected from September 2014 to August 2015 at an urban site in Jinan, which is the capital of Shandong Province and a typical city in the North China Plain(NCP).The PM samples were analyzed for BSOA(isoprene(SOA I) and monoterpenes(SOA)) and ASOA(aromatic(SOA)) *** concentrations of the SOA tracer(1.1 ± 1.0 ng m) were lowest, and those of SOA I tracers(41.8 ± 86.2 ng m) were highest, with the concentrations of SOA tracers(19.4 ± 9.9 ng m) being *** BSOA tracers were more abundant in the summer and less abundant in the *** SOA I and SOA increased with increasing ozone level but decreased with increasing NOx *** analysis revealed a good correlation between 2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxopentanoic acid(DHOPA) and levoglucosan levels in three *** results suggested that biomass burning(BB) activities occurring in the NCP can enhance the emissions of aromatics and should be controlled, especially in the autumn and *** aerosols exhibited higher SOA tracer levels on hazy *** secondary organic carbon(SOC) was the main contributor to organic carbon(OC).As PM levels increased, the contributions of SOA *** results indicate that reducing anthropogenic emissions is necessary to prevent SOA pollution, especially during heavy pollution episodes.

关键词： seasonal variations biogenic secondary organic aerosols biomass burning anthropogenic contributions

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脑卒中患者久坐行为现状及其影响因素研究进展

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护理学杂志 2022年第11期37卷 106-109页

作者：李星茹张超南昌大学第二附属医院江西南昌330006

综述脑卒中久坐行为定义及分类、久坐行为现状,从人口学、环境、疾病相关症状、心理状态、行为改变动机及社会支持因素等方面归纳分析脑卒中患者久坐行为影响因素,以期为制订有效干预方案降低脑卒中患者久坐行为提供参考。

关键词：脑卒中久坐行为疾病相关症状心理状态行为改变社会支持影响因素综述文献

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石家庄市秋冬季大气细粒子中糖类化合物的组成和来源

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环境化学 2021年第5期40卷 1413-1420页

作者：刘水桥杨阳赵清李杏茹首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院北京100048 首都师范大学化学系分析测试中心北京100048

糖类化合物是大气颗粒物的重要组成部分,对局地甚至是全球气候变化有着重要的影响。本研究利用中流量颗粒物采样器分别于2016年9月18日—10月17日(秋季)和2016年12月15日—2017年1月13日(冬季)对石家庄市大气PM_(2.5)样品进行了昼夜采集... 详细信息

糖类化合物是大气颗粒物的重要组成部分,对局地甚至是全球气候变化有着重要的影响。本研究利用中流量颗粒物采样器分别于2016年9月18日—10月17日(秋季)和2016年12月15日—2017年1月13日(冬季)对石家庄市大气PM_(2.5)样品进行了昼夜采集,并利用气相色谱质谱联用仪分析了样品中的10种糖类化合物,包括脱水糖、糖和糖醇。结果表明,石家庄市大气PM_(2.5)中的糖类物质在秋冬季平均总浓度分别为(629.57±446.05)ng·m^(−3)和(950.45±821.63)ng·m^(−3),浓度变化范围是57.01—2411.5 ng·m^(−3)。其中脱水糖类(包括左旋葡聚糖、半乳聚糖和甘露聚糖),冬季浓度要明显高于秋季,其主要来源于生物质燃烧,是秋冬季最主要的糖类物质,分别占糖类总浓度的87.4%(秋季)和91.9%(冬季);左旋葡聚糖/甘露聚糖(L/M)比值表明,石家庄市秋季以作物残渣为主要的生物质燃烧类型,而冬季以硬木为主要的生物质燃烧类型。单糖和二糖浓度变化趋势一致,均为秋季明显高于冬季,秋季白天高于夜间,冬季白天低于夜间。阿拉伯糖醇、山梨醇、纤维醇主要来源于真菌和孢子的排放,秋季浓度略高于冬季。PMF源解析结果表明,生物质燃烧(83%),真菌孢子排放(3%),花粉(3%)及土壤再悬浮(11%)是石家庄市大气细粒子中糖类物质的重要来源。

关键词：大气细粒子糖类物质石家庄市来源

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