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Simulated NH_4^+-N Deposition Inhibits CH_4 Uptake and Promotes N_2O Emission in the Meadow Steppe of Inner Mongolia, China

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Pedosphere 2017年第2期27卷 306-317页

作者： liu xingren ZHANG Qingwen LI Shenggong ZHANG Leiming REN Jianqiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Ministry of Agriculture Agricultural Clear Watershed Group Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 (China) Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 (China) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 (China)

Few studies are conducted to quantify the effects of enhanced N deposition on soil nitrous oxide （N2O） emission and methane （CH4） uptake in the meadow steppe of Inner Mongolia, China. A two-year field experiment was conducted to assess the effects of nitrogen （N） deposition rates （0, 10, and 20 kg N ha-1 year-1 as （NH4）2SO4） on soil N2O and CH4 fluxes. The seasonal and diurnal variations of soil N2O and CH4 fluxes were determined using the static chamber-gas chromatography method during the two growing seasons of 2008 and 2009. Soil temperature, moisture and mineral N （NH4＋-N and NO3-N） concentration were simultaneously measured. Results showed that low level of （NH4）2SO4 （10 kg N ha-1 year-1） did not significantly affect soil CH4 and N20 fluxes and other variables. High level of （NH4）2SO4 （20 kg N ha-1 year-1） significantly increased soil NO3-N concentration by 24.1% to 35.6%, decreased soil CH4 uptake by an average of 20.1%, and significantly promoted soil N2O emission by an average of 98.2%. Soil N2O emission responded more strongly to the added N compared to CH4 uptake. However, soil CH4 fluxes were mainly driven by soil moisture, followed by soil NO3--N concentration. Soil N2O fluxes were mainly driven by soil temperature, followed by soil moisture. Soil inorganic N availability was a key integrator of soil CH4 uptake and N2O emission. These results suggest that the changes of availability of inorganic N induced by the increased N deposition in soil may affect the CH4 and N2O fluxes in the cold semi-arid meadow steppe over the short term.

关键词： grassland ecosystems greenhouse gases N deposition rate nitrification denitrification mineral N

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Spatial-temporal variation in soil respiration and its controlling factors in three steppes of Stipa L. in Inner Mongolia, China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第5期53卷 683-693页

作者： QI YuChun DONG YunShe liu LiXin liu xingren PENG Qin XIAO ShengSheng HE YaTing Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Grassland is the largest terrestrial ecosystem in China. It is of great significance to measure accurately the soil respiration of different grassland types for the contribution evaluation of the Chinese terrestrial ecosystem’s carbon emission to the atmospheric CO2 concentration. A three-year (2005-2007) field experiment was carried out on three steppes of Stipa L. in the Xilin River Basin, Inner Mongolia, China, using a static opaque chamber technique. The seasonal and interannual variations of soil respiration rates were analyzed, and the annual total soil respiration of the three steppes was estimated. The numerical models between soil respiration and water-heat factors were established respectively. Similar seasonal dynamic and high annual and interannual variations of soil respiration were found in all of the three steppes. In the growing season, the fluctuation of soil respiration was particularly evident. The coefficients of variation (CVs) for soil respiration in different growing seasons ranged from 54% to 93%, and the annual CVs were all above 115%. The interannual CV of soil respiration progressively decreased in the order of Stipa grandis (S. grandis) steppe > Stipa baicalensis (S. baicalensis) steppe > Stipa krylovii (S. krylovii) steppe. The annual total soil respiration for the S. baicalensis steppe was 223.62?299.24 gC m-2 a-1, 150.62-226.99 gC m-2 a-1 for the S. grandis steppe, and 111.31–131.55 gC m-2 a-1 for the S. krylovii steppe, which were consistent with the precipitation gradient. The variation in the best fitting temperature factor explained the 63.5%, 73.0%, and 73.2% change in soil respiration in the three steppes at an annual time scale, and the corresponding Q10 values were 2.16, 2.98, and 2.40, respectively. Moreover, the Q10 values that were calculated by soil temperature at different depths all expressed a 10 cm > 5 cm > surface in the three sampling sites. In the growing season, the soil respiration rates were related mo

关键词： temperate steppe Stipa L. soil respiration season variation interannual variation annual total soil respiration Q10 soil moisture

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Organic manure input and straw cover improved the community structure of nitrogen cycle function microorganism driven by water erosion

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第1期10卷 129-142页

作者： Yulong Shi Qingwen Zhang xingren liu Xuekai Jing Chang Shi Li Zheng Agricultural Clean Watershed Resewarch Group Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in AgricultureChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China

Water erosion process induces differences to the nitrogen(N)functional microbial community structure,which is the driving force to key N processes at soil-water ***,how the soil N trans-formations associated with water erosion is affected by microorganisms,and how the microbial respond,are still *** objective of this study is to investigate the changes of microbial diversity and community structure of the N-cycle function microorganisms as affected by water erosion under application of organic manure and straw *** the basis of iso-nitrogen substitution,four treatments were set up:1)only chemical fertilizer with N 150 kg ha^(-1),P2O560 kg ha^(-1) and K2O 90 kg ha^(-1)(CK);the N was substituted 20%by 2)organic manure(OM);3)straw(SW);and 4)organic manure+straw(1:1)(OMSW).The results showed that applying organic manure and straw to sloping farmland can increase soil N contents,but reduce runoff depth,Kw,sediment yield and N loss,especially in the *** cover and straw+organic manure increased the diversity(Chao1)of nitrifier(AOB),and both diversity and uniformity(Shannon)of denitrifier(nirK/S)were increased in the *** erosion control mea-sures reduced N-fixing bacteria diversity and increased their uniformity,and the combined application of organic manure and straw cover was a better erosion control measure than the single application of *** soil chemistry and erodibility were the main drives for the changes of N-functional microbial community structure and the appearance of dominant bacteria with different organic materials.

关键词： Water erosion Soil erodibility Organic amendment Nitrifier Denitrifier N-fixing bacteria

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Litter mixing significantly affects decomposition in the Hulun Buir meadow steppe of Inner Mongolia, China

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第1期7卷 59-67页

作者： Caihong Zhang Shenggong Li Leiming Zhang Xiaoping Xin xingren liu Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesDatun Road 11AChaoyangBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Aims We explored the decomposition rates of single-and mixed-species litter,the litter-mixing effect and the effect of component litters in a mixture on *** In a litter bag experiment,shoot litters from two dominant grasses(Leymus chinensis and Stipa baicalensis)and one legume(Melissitus ruthenica)were decomposed separately and as a mixture from May 2010 to September 2011 in the Hulun Buir meadow steppe of Inner Mongolia,*** separated the litter mixture into its individual component litters(*** different single-species litters)and analyzed the changes in litter mass remaining and litter nitrogen(N)remaining during single-and mixed-species litter *** Findings(i)Litter mixing had significant positive effects on litter *** litter-mixing effect was strongest for the mixture of *** and *** litters,followed by the mixture of *** and *** litters.(ii)Single-species component litters decomposed faster in the mixtures than separately(positive effect),but these effects were not significant for legume species *** *** to single-species litter decomposition,the decomposition rates of the two grass(*** and ***)litters significantly increased when they were mixed with each other or with *** litter.(iii)For each species litter type,the percentage of litter N remaining during decomposition(NR)differed between the single-species litter and mixed litter *** NR of *** litter was higher when it was decomposed in the mixture than in ***,the NR of *** litter was lowest in its mixture with *** among the *** of its decomposition in the mixture or in isolation,the NR of *** litter varied little among *** was a significant positive relationship between the NR and percentage of initial litter mass remaining in both the single litter and mixed litter ***

关键词： non-additive effect interaction strength single litter mixed litter nutrient concentration

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Variation and driving factors of nitrous oxide emissions from irrigated paddy field in the arid and semiarid region

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第3期6卷 245-252页

作者： Qingwen Zhang Hui Zhang xingren liu Aiping Zhang Meijia Xiao Zhengli Yang Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in AgricultureCAASBeijing100081China Ningxia Vocational and Technical College Yinchuan750002China

Agricultural pollution source as Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from irrigated paddy field as affected by overuse of chemical fertilizer application and flooding irrigation is the primary anthropogenic source of nitrogen (N) losses in the Ningxia irrigation district. The emissions variation and driving factors of N2O emission in the large irrigation districts needs much more investigation. A static chamber-gas chromatograph method was conducted to quantify N losses from a paddy field in Lingwu Farm during 2009– 2010. Three nitrogen (N) treatments were conducted, including the conventional N application rate of 300 kg ha-1 (N300), the reducing N application rate of 240 kg ha-1 (N240) and control plot (N0). The N2O emissions due to combined effects of the fertilizer application and flood irrigation after winter dry follow was 2.86–3.27 kg ha-1 in N300. The flood irrigation at the beginning of the rice transplanting promotes N2O emissions due to nitrification–denitrification of a richer N source provided by the N fertilizer accumulation of soil NH4 + and NO3 -. During the rice growth stage when the paddy field was submerged, N2O emission was very low while intermittent irrigation before tillering and the maturation stages, frequent alteration of dry and wet soil condition enhance N2O emission. The reducing N fertilizer application improved the recovery rate in rice and resulted in a less N2O emission from irrigated paddy field in the arid and semiarid region while keeping the rice yield.

关键词： N2O emission Irrigated paddy field Flood irrigation Anthropogenic-alluvial alkaline soil

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从世界到中国:论国家赔偿责任之法理探讨

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湖南社会科学 2009年第6期 55-60页

作者：刘性仁北京大学法学院台湾联合大学

国家赔偿责任在现今世界中是一个热切讨论的行政法议题,对于现今世界任何国家,都扮演举足轻重的角色,故其法理基础的讨论,实有其必要性与迫切性,特别是在人民权利受到损害时,往往都会透过国家赔偿来救济,本文主要是探讨国家赔偿之法理... 详细信息

国家赔偿责任在现今世界中是一个热切讨论的行政法议题,对于现今世界任何国家,都扮演举足轻重的角色,故其法理基础的讨论,实有其必要性与迫切性,特别是在人民权利受到损害时,往往都会透过国家赔偿来救济,本文主要是探讨国家赔偿之法理基础及善后处理之道,针对国家赔偿责任的法理,主要的法理包括传统的行政法治原则及程序上之诸多行政法治原则,作者进行法理原则的梳理,最后就诸多国家赔偿之善后处理方式,来作一结论,从世界上的任一法治国家到中国,皆越来越重视国家赔偿责任,其最终目的就是为了要保障公民基本的权利,以完善赔偿途径及程序,确保受害者能够切实得到赔偿。

关键词：国家赔偿责任损害赔偿依法行政赔偿义务机关

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阴极射线发光材料的进展

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发光学报 1989年第3期10卷 243-262页

作者：刘行仁中国科学院长春物理研究所

本文介绍阴极射线发光材料的一些重要特性以及最近在国外荧光粉新牌号的编排和命名。详细评论了按不同用途分类的荧光粉的最近发展,并对新发展的阴极射线发光单晶薄膜屏和阴极射线发光中的能量传递进行综述。

关键词：阳极射线发光发光材料荧光粉

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Ca_3Al_2M_3O_(12)(M=Si,Ge)石榴石中Ce^(3+)离子的荧光光谱

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光谱学与光谱分析 1998年第1期18卷 11-14页

作者：袁剑辉刘行仁中国科学院长春物理研究所

本文研究了Ｃａ３Ａｌ２Ｍ３Ｏ１２（Ｍ＝Ｓｉ，Ｇｅ）石榴石中Ｃｅ３＋离子的荧光光谱。在这两种石榴石中，Ｃｅ３＋的发射光谱均为Ｃｅ３＋的５ｄ→４ｆ能级跃迁发射宽谱带，但有很大差异。在锗酸盐中，Ｃｅ３＋的发射强度很弱，而在... 详细信息

本文研究了Ｃａ３Ａｌ２Ｍ３Ｏ１２（Ｍ＝Ｓｉ，Ｇｅ）石榴石中Ｃｅ３＋离子的荧光光谱。在这两种石榴石中，Ｃｅ３＋的发射光谱均为Ｃｅ３＋的５ｄ→４ｆ能级跃迁发射宽谱带，但有很大差异。在锗酸盐中，Ｃｅ３＋的发射强度很弱，而在硅酸盐中发射强。２９５和７７Ｋ下在Ｃａ３Ａｌ２Ｓｉ３Ｏ１２中Ｃｅ３＋的荧光寿命分别为４６和４９ｎｓ。Ｇｄ３＋和助溶剂的引入可提高Ｃｅ３＋的发射强度。

关键词：荧光光谱石榴石铈离子三价铈

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Ca_8Mg(SiO_4)_4Cl_2中Ce^(3+)和Eu_(2+)的光谱性质和能量传递

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光谱学与光谱分析 1998年第6期18卷 645-648页

作者：林海林久令刘行仁中国科学院长春物理研究所中国科学院激发态物理开放实验室

首次合成了Ｃｅ３＋和Ｅｕ２＋共激活氯硅酸镁钙Ｃａ８Ｍｇ（ＳｉＯ４）４Ｃｌ２∶Ｃｅ３＋，Ｅｕ２＋高效绿色荧光粉，报道了它们的漫反射光谱、激发和发射光谱，观察到氯硅酸镁钙中Ｃｅ３＋对Ｅｕ２＋发光的敏化现象，通过分析光谱和... 详细信息

首次合成了Ｃｅ３＋和Ｅｕ２＋共激活氯硅酸镁钙Ｃａ８Ｍｇ（ＳｉＯ４）４Ｃｌ２∶Ｃｅ３＋，Ｅｕ２＋高效绿色荧光粉，报道了它们的漫反射光谱、激发和发射光谱，观察到氯硅酸镁钙中Ｃｅ３＋对Ｅｕ２＋发光的敏化现象，通过分析光谱和Ｃｅ３＋离子荧光寿命，阐述了氯硅酸镁钙中Ｃｅ３＋对Ｅｕ２＋发光的敏化作用缘于Ｃｅ３＋和Ｅｕ２＋之间的高效无辐射能量传递。

关键词：氯硅酸镁钙光谱性质敏化剂铈绿色荧光粉铕

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A_3M_2Ge_3O_(12)石榴石体系中Cr^(3+)离子的宽带发射光谱

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光谱学与光谱分析 1999年第4期19卷 550-552页

作者：刘行仁张晓黄立辉袁剑辉中国科学院激发态物理开放研究实验室中国科学院长春物理研究所陕西咸阳彩虹集团公司彩虹荧光粉厂

首次报告在Ａ３Ｍ２Ｇｅ３Ｏ１２∶Ｃｒ（Ａ＝Ｃｄ２＋，Ｃａ２＋；Ｍ＝Ａｌ３＋，Ｇａ３＋，Ｓｃ３＋）锗酸盐石榴石体系中，Ｃｒ３＋离子室温下的红—近红外（Ｒ—ＮＩＲ）宽发射带光谱性质。随位于八面体格位上的Ａｌ３＋→Ｇａ３＋... 详细信息

首次报告在Ａ３Ｍ２Ｇｅ３Ｏ１２∶Ｃｒ（Ａ＝Ｃｄ２＋，Ｃａ２＋；Ｍ＝Ａｌ３＋，Ｇａ３＋，Ｓｃ３＋）锗酸盐石榴石体系中，Ｃｒ３＋离子室温下的红—近红外（Ｒ—ＮＩＲ）宽发射带光谱性质。随位于八面体格位上的Ａｌ３＋→Ｇａ３＋→Ｓｃ３＋和十二面体格位上的Ｃｄ２＋→Ｃａ２＋组成顺序变化，室温下，Ｃｒ３＋离子的４Ｔ２→４Ａ２能级跃迁的Ｒ－ＮＩＲ宽发射带，发射峰及光谱的长波和短波边逐渐向低能长波边移动。这是由于晶场强度减弱，阳离子的离子半径增大的结果。在镉（钙）铝和镉（钙）镓锗酸盐体系中，少量Ｓｃ３＋取代八面体上的Ａｌ３＋和Ｇａ３＋时，可使Ｃｒ３＋的Ｒ－ＮＩＲ荧光发射强度增强。

关键词：铬离子激光材料发射光谱锗酸盐石榴石

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