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Single-cell omics: experimental workflow, data analyses and applications

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 5-102页

作者： Fengying Sun Haoyan Li Dongqing Sun Shaliu Fu Lei Gu Xin Shao Qinqin Wang Xin Dong Bin Duan Feiyang xing Jun wu Minmin Xiao Fangqing Zhao Jing-Dong J.Han Qi Liu Xiaohui Fan Chen Li Chenfei Wang Tieliu Shi Department of Clinical Laboratory the Affiliated Wuhu Hospital of East China Normal University (The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City) Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University) Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic DepartmentTongji HospitalBioinformatics DepartmentSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Frontier Science Center for Stem Cells School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine Shanghai East HospitalBioinformatics DepartmentSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Research Institute of Intelligent Computing Zhejiang Lab Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Center for Single-cell Omics School of Public HealthShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization Innovation Center of Yangtze River DeltaZhejiang University Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biologythe Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life SciencesEast China Normal University Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesCenter for Quantitative Biology (CQB)Peking University Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science-MOE School of StatisticsEast China Normal University

Cells are the fundamental units of biological systems and exhibit unique development trajectories and molecular features. Our exploration of how the genomes orchestrate the formation and maintenance of each cell, and control the cellular phenotypes of various organismsis, is both captivating and intricate. Since the inception of the first single-cell RNA technology, technologies related to single-cell sequencing have experienced rapid advancements in recent years. These technologies have expanded horizontally to include single-cell genome, epigenome,proteome, and metabolome, while vertically, they have progressed to integrate multiple omics data and incorporate additional information such as spatial sc RNA-seq and CRISPR screening. Single-cell omics represent a groundbreaking advancement in the biomedical field,offering profound insights into the understanding of complex diseases, including cancers. Here, we comprehensively summarize recent advances in single-cell omics technologies, with a specific focus on the methodology section. This overview aims to guide researchers in selecting appropriate methods for single-cell sequencing and related data analysis.

关键词： single-cell sequencing genome epigenome proteomics metabolomics multimodal spatial transcriptomics CRISPR screening

The compound(E)-2-(3,4-dihydroxystyryl)-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one alleviates neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3330-3344页

作者： Xueyan Liu Wei wu Xuejuan Li Chengyan Wang Ke Chai Fanru yuan Huijuan Zheng Yuxing Yao Chenlu Li Zu-Cheng Ye Daijun Zha Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of PharmacyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian ProvinceChina Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases School of Basic Medical SciencesFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian ProvinceChina Institute of Laboratory Animal Center Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian ProvinceChina Department of Neurosurgery Neurosurgery Research InstituteThe First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian ProvinceChina Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen National Regional Medical CenterBinhai Campus of the First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian ProvinceChina

Previous studies have shown that the compound(E)-2-(3,4-dihydroxystyryl)-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one(D30),a pyromeconic acid derivative,possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties,inhibits amyloid-β aggregation,and alleviates scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment,similar to the phase Ⅲ clinical drug *** this study,we established a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease via intracerebroventricular injection of fibrillar amyloid-β to investigate the effect of D30 on fibrillar amyloid-β-induced *** results showed that D30 alleviated fibrillar amyloid-β-induced cognitive impairment,promoted fibrillar amyloid-β clearance from the hippocampus and cortex,suppressed oxidative stress,and inhibited activation of microglia and astrocytes.D30 also reversed the fibrillar amyloid-β-induced loss of dendritic spines and synaptic protein ***,we demonstrated that exogenous fibrillar amyloid-βintroduced by intracerebroventricular injection greatly increased galectin-3 expression levels in the brain,and this increase was blocked by *** the role of D30 in clearing amyloid-β,inhibiting neuroinflammation,protecting synapses,and improving cognition,this study highlights the potential of galectin-3 as a promising treatment target for patients with Alzheimer's disease.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease amyloid-β astrocyte cognitive impairment D30 dendritic spines galectin-3 microglia neuroinflammation neuron

Recursive super-convergence computation for multi-dimensional problems via one-dimensional element energy pro jection technique

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2018年第7期39卷 1031-1044页

作者： Si yuan Yue wu Qinyan xing Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Safety and Durability of China Education Ministry Department of Civil Engineering Tsinghua University

This paper presents a strategy for computation of super-convergent solutions of multi-dimensional problems in the finite element method （FEM） by recursive application of the one-dimensional （1D） element energy projection （EEP） technique. The main idea is to conceptually treat multi-dimensional problems as generalized 1D problems, based on which the concepts of generalized 1D FEM and its consequent EEP formulae have been developed in a unified manner. Equipped with these concepts, multi-dimensional problems can be recursively discretized in one dimension at each step, until a fully discretized standard finite element （FE） model is reached. This conceptual dimension-by- dimension （D-by-D） discretization procedure is entirely equivalent to a full FE discretization. As a reverse D-by-D recovery procedure, by using the unified EEP formulae together with proper extraction of the generalized nodal solutions, super-convergent displacements and first derivatives for two-dimensional （2D） and three-dimensional （3D） problems can be obtained over the domain. Numerical examples of 3D Poisson＇s equation and elasticity problem are given to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

关键词： three-dimensional(3D)problem generalized one-dimensional(1D)finiteelement method (FEM) dimension-by-dimension(D-by-D) super-convergence elementenergy projection(EEP)

Selective G6PDH inactivation for Helicobacter pylori eradication with transformed polysulfide

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Xiaonan Wang Ning Zhou Xuejiao J.Gao Zijing Zhu Minmin Sun Qian Wang Haolin Cao Xuetong wu Caiyu Zhou Qingkang Zheng Ye yuan yuan Liu Lei Chen Jing Jiang Pengcheng Bu Lizeng Gao CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi Normal University Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhengzhou University Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science

Alternative treatment for the highly prevalent Helicobacter pylori infection is imperative due to rising antibiotic resistance. We unexpectedly discovered that the anti-H. pylori component in garlic is hydrogen polysulfide（H2S_n, n≥2）, not organic polysulfides. Studies on the mechanism of action（MoA） show that H2S_nspecifically inactivates H. pylori glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase（G6PDH） by interfering with electron transfer from glucose-6-phosphate（G6P） to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate（NADP+）. However, low H2S_nyield makes garlic derivatives hard to be a reliable donor of H2S_nto treat H. pylori infection. To address this challenge, we established a polysulfide transformation process from garlic organosulfur compounds into Fe3S4that generates H2S_nwith a 25–58 times increase in *** chitosan encapsulation, we designed a gastric-adaptive H2S_nmicroreactor（GAPSR） that eradicates H. pylori with 250 times higher efficiency under gastric conditions. A single GAPSR achieves more rapid H. pylori eradication than combined antibiotics therapy without disturbing the gut microbiota. These findings indicate a distinct MoA transformation mediated by polysulfide as an alternative candidate to treat H. pylori infection.

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人工智能赋能高等教育评价改革的动因、内涵及路径

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黑龙江高教研究 2025年第2期43卷 133-139页

作者：吴中元天津工业大学天津300387

在运用“目标达成说”、应答模式和“第四代教育评价理论”等评价理论对人工智能赋能高等教育评价改革动因进行分析基础上,明晰了人工智能赋能高等教育评价改革内涵。随着人工智能技术发展,其教育属性、技术属性和社会属性高度融合的特... 详细信息

在运用“目标达成说”、应答模式和“第四代教育评价理论”等评价理论对人工智能赋能高等教育评价改革动因进行分析基础上,明晰了人工智能赋能高等教育评价改革内涵。随着人工智能技术发展,其教育属性、技术属性和社会属性高度融合的特征,正成为高等教育评价改革驱动力。通过对人工智能赋能高等教育评价改革问题分析,应用人工智能技术构建多元综合评价体系、个性化评价与学习支持体系、高效评价与管理体系、伦理与隐私保护体系和持续优化与反馈体系,强调试点与示范推广,为保障高等教育评价科学性、公平性、透明性与持续性,提升高等教育质量与增值提供路径。

关键词：人工智能高等教育评价动因内涵路径

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基于双频环行的W频段波导环行器仿真设计

磁性材料及器件 2024年第4期55卷 49-53页

作者：罗明王蓉袁兴武李婧陈娜中国电子科技集团公司第九研究所四川绵阳621000 中国航天科技集团有限公司第五研究院西安分院陕西西安710000

介绍了一种W频段宽带波导环行器的设计方法,通过对高阶模和双频环行器工作原理的分析,利用HFSS仿真软件优化电性能,并采用ANSYS热力学软件来校核功率容量,最终研制出的环行器主要性能为:工作频率为92~96 GHz,电压驻波比≤1.12,插入损耗... 详细信息

介绍了一种W频段宽带波导环行器的设计方法,通过对高阶模和双频环行器工作原理的分析,利用HFSS仿真软件优化电性能,并采用ANSYS热力学软件来校核功率容量,最终研制出的环行器主要性能为:工作频率为92~96 GHz,电压驻波比≤1.12,插入损耗≤0.5 dB,隔离度≥22 dB,功率容量≥15 W,符合毫米波器件小型化的发展要求。

关键词： W频段波导环行器高阶模小型化

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上海县医疗服务费用

复旦学报（医学版） 1993年第S1期26卷 45-48页

作者：顾杏元陈英吴焕珍上海医科大学公共卫生学院卫生统计与社会医学教研室上海县卫生局

医疗服务费用包括门诊医药费用和住院医药费用。本文根据对上海县1980年至1990年各级医疗机构医疗服务和莘庄医院住院病例调查,反映上海县1980年以来医疗费用变化趋势和现状,分析上海县居民门诊和住院医疗服务的利用及费用的水平与变动... 详细信息

医疗服务费用包括门诊医药费用和住院医药费用。本文根据对上海县1980年至1990年各级医疗机构医疗服务和莘庄医院住院病例调查,反映上海县1980年以来医疗费用变化趋势和现状,分析上海县居民门诊和住院医疗服务的利用及费用的水平与变动,为有效控制医药费用过速增长、合理组织医疗服务提供参考。

关键词：上海县医药费用

Homologous CoS2 interface with directed electron transfer and strong chloridion repulsion for efficient seawater oxidation

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： yuan Tian Jiang-Bo Chen Jie Ying Ge Tian Yu-Xuan Xiao Yi Lu Si-Ming wu Wei Geng Ling Shen Xiao-Yu Yang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing and School of Materials Science and Engineering and Shenzhen Research Institute & Laoshan Laboratory Wuhan University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-Sen University National Energy Key Laboratory for New Hydrogen-Ammonia Energy Technologies Foshan Xianhu Laboratory

Seawater electrolysis is a highly promising method to produce high energy density hydrogen,especially in dry areas that have scarce freshwater ***,application of seawater electrolysis is confronted by two major problems associated with catalysts employed for the anodic oxygen evolution reaction （OER） including the competitive hypochlorite evolution reaction（HCER） and strong chloridion （Cl–） triggered *** studies aimed at overcoming these problems,a facile method has been developed to synthesize a homologous CoS2heterojunction as an OER *** to a difference in work functions at the interface and increased electron density,this material has directed electron transfer and strong chloridion repulsion properties,*** have shown that CoS2achieves low overpotentials of 289 and 322 mV at 10 mA cm-2current density in respective alkaline （1 M KOH） and alkaline simulated seawater ***,the outstanding stability of CoS2is reflected in a negligible decline in activity during promotion of the OER for 100 *** of density functional theory calculations reveal that the homologous CoS2heterojunction promotes directed electron transport for optimizing adsorption/desorption of reactive species and heightens the Cl-adsorption energy for strongly repulsing Cl-,phenomena that enhance OER performance in alkaline simulated seawater.

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Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of 55NiCrMoV7 hot-work die steel during quenching and tempering treatments

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Advances in Manufacturing 2021年第4期9卷 520-537页

作者： xing-Sheng Yu Chuan wu Ru-xing Shi Ya-Sha yuan Luoyang CITIC HIC Casting&Forging Co. LtdLuoyang 471039HenanPeople’s Republic of China National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Oriented Automobile Die&Mould Tianjin University of Technology and EducationTianjin 300222People’s Republic of China CITIC Heavy Industries Co. LtdLuoyang 471039HenanPeople’s Republic of China

55NiCrMoV7 hot-work die steel is mainly used to manufacture heavy forgings in the fields of aerospace and *** study aims to clarify the effects of heat treatment on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the steel,in order to find out an optimal heat treatment scheme to obtain an excellent balance of strength,ductility and *** steel was quenched at temperature from 790℃ to 910℃ followed by tempering treatments of 100–650℃ for 5 *** mechanical property tests were carried out by tensile,impact toughness and *** microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM)and transmission electron microscope(TEM)were used to observe the austenite grains,lath martensite,carbides and fracture *** results show that the quenching temperature mainly influences the austenite grain size and the volume fraction of undissolved carbides(UCs),while the tempering temperature mainly influences the size and morphology of the martensite with a body centered cubic(BCC)and the carbides with a face centered cubic(FCC).The mechanical properties of the steel,including yield and tensile strength,ductility,impact toughness and hardness,get an excellent balance at a quenching range of 850–870*** the tempering temperature increases,the yield and tensile strength and hardness decrease,while the ductility and impact toughness *** variation trends can be further verified by fracture SEM observation and *** with a macro-micro coupled finite element(MMFE)modeling technique,the cooling rate,microstructural evolution and yield strength of the steel were predicted and compared with the tested data.

关键词： Hot-work die steel Microstructural evolution Mechanical properties Heat treatment Macro-micro coupled modeling and simulation