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Petroleum Science 2022年第1期19卷 26-36页

作者： Tong Wang Tao Hu Xiong-Qi Pang xing-wen zhang Xiao-Han Liu Zhi Xu En-Ze Wang Zhuo-Ya Wu State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China School of Earth&Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing100871China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Company LimitedBeijing100083China

China Geological Survey conducted the second trial production of natural gas hydrate(NGH)in the Shenhu Area in South China Sea(SCS)from 2019 to 2020.Compared with the first trial production in 2017,the second trial showed significantly increased daily gas production and total gas production,and removed some technical obstacles for large-scale NGH resource developments in the SCS.However,current NGH resource evaluation in the SCS is still at the stage of prospective gas content assessment,which is unable to guide further NGH exploration and development.This study utilized the hydrate phase balance to delineate the NGH distribution range and effective thickness and volumetric method to evaluate NGH resource.Based on the latest exploration and production data from the Shenhu Area,Monte Carlo simulation was performed to calculate the NGH resource amount with different probabilities.By assuming a 50%cumulative probability,the in-situ NGH resources in the SCS was estimated to be11.7×10^(12)m^(3) and the recoverable NGH resources was 2.8×10^(12)m^(3).These results will provide a more reliable resource basis for China to formulate comprehensive development strategies for oil and gas exploration in the SCS.

关键词： South China Sea Oil and gas resource Natural gas hydrate In-situ resource Recoverable resources

Evaluation of natural gas hydrate resources in the South China Sea using a new genetic analogy method

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Petroleum Science 2022年第1期19卷 48-57页

作者： Xiao-Han Liu Tao Hu Xiong-Qi Pang Zhi Xu Tong Wang xing-wen zhang En-Ze Wang Zhuo-Ya Wu State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China School of Earth&Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing100871China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development CNPCBeijing100083China

Natural gas hydrate(NGH)has attracted much attention as a new alternative energy globally.However,evaluations of global NGH resources in the past few decades have casted a decreasing trend,where the estimate as of today is less than one ten-thousandth of the estimate forty years ago.The NGH researches in China started relatively late,but achievements have been made in the South China Sea(SCS)in the past two decades.Thirty-five studies had been carried out to evaluate NGH resource,and results showed a flat trend,ranging from 60 to 90 billion tons of oil equivalent,which was 2-3 times of the evaluation results of technical recoverable oil and gas resources in the SCS.The big difference is that the previous 35 group of NGH resource evaluations for the SCS only refers to the prospective gas resource with low grade level and high uncertainty,which cannot be used to guide exploration or researches on development strategies.Based on the analogy with the genetic mechanism of conventional oil and gas resources,this study adopts the newly proposed genetic method and geological analogy method to evaluate the NGH resource.Results show that the conventional oil and gas resources are 346.29×10^(8)t,the volume of NGH and free dynamic field are 25.19×10^(4)km^(3) and(2.05-2.48)×10^(6)km^(3),and the total amount of in-situ NGH resources in the SCS is about(4.47-6.02)×10^(12)m^(3).It is considered that the resource of hydrate should not exceed that of conventional oil and gas,so it is 30 times lower than the previous estimate.This study provides a more reliable geological basis for further NGH exploration and development.

关键词： South China Sea Natural gas hydrate Natural gas hydrate resources Conventional oil and gas resources Genetic method Analogy method

Reduction of global natural gas hydrate(NGH)resource estimation and implications for the NGH development in the South China Sea

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Petroleum Science 2022年第1期19卷 3-12页

作者： Xiong-Qi Pang Cheng-Zao Jia zhang-xing Chen He-Sheng Shi Zhuo-Heng Chen Tao Hu Tong Wang Zhi Xu Xiao-Han Liu xing-wen zhang En-Ze Wang Zhuo-Ya Wu Bo Pang State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting Beijing102249China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing100007China Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Schulich School of EngineeringUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryT2N 1N4Canada Shenzhen Branch of China National Offshore Oil Corporation Ltd. GuangzhouGuangdong 510240China Geological Survey of Canada Natural Resources CanadaCalgaryT2L 2A7Canada School of Earth&Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing100871China

There have been at least 29 groups of estimates on the global natural gas hydrate(NGH)resource since1973,varying greatly with up to 10,000 times and showing a decreasing trend with time.For the South China Sea(SCS),35 groups of estimations were conducted on NGH resource potential since 2000,while these estimates kept almost the same with time,varying between 60 and 90 billion tons of oil equivalent(toe).What are the key factors controlling the variation trend?What are the implications of these variations for the NGH development in the world and the SCS?By analyzing the investigation characteristics of NGH resources in the world,this study divided the evaluation process into six stages and confirmed four essential factors for controlling the variations of estimates.Results indicated that the reduction trend reflects an improved understanding of the NGH formation mechanism and advancement in the resource evaluation methods,and promoted more objective evaluation results.Furthermore,the analysis process and improved evaluation method was applied to evaluate the NGH resources in the SCS,showing the similar decreasing trend of NGH resources with time.By utilizing the decreasing trend model,the predicted recoverable resources in the world and the SCS are(205-500)×10^(12)m^(3)and(0.8-6.5)×10^(12)m^(3),respectively,accounting for 20%of the total conventional oil and gas resources.Recoverable NGH resource in the SCS is only about 4%-6%of the previous estimates of 60-90 billion toe.If extracted completely,it only can support the sustainable development of China for 7 years at the current annual consumption level of oil and gas.NGH cannot be the main energy resource in future due to its low resource potential and lack of advantages in recovery.

关键词： Natural gas hydrate Resource evaluation South China Sea Global NGH resource Reduction trend in NGH resource

Evaluation of natural gas hydrate resources in the South China Sea by combining volumetric and trend-analysis methods

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Petroleum Science 2022年第1期19卷 37-47页

作者： xing-wen zhang Tao Hu Xiong-Qi Pang Yao Hu Tong Wang En-Ze Wang Zhi Xu Xiao-Han Liu Zhuo-Ya Wu Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China CNOOC International Limited Beijing 100029China School of Earth&Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Company LimitedBeijing 100083China

Natural gas hydrate(NGH),considered as a type of premium energy alternative to conventional hydrocarbons,has been broadly studied.The estimate of the total NGH resources in the world has decreased by more than 90%since the first evaluation in 1973.Geographic and geophysical conditions of the South China Sea(SCS)are favorable for the formation of NGH,which has been proved by drilling results up to date.The recoverability of the NGH in the SCS has been confirmed by the production tests using both vertical and horizontal wells.Since 2001,35 estimates of NGH resources in the SCS have been made,with relatively stable results varying between 600 and 900×109 ton oil equivalent.In these estimations,the volumetric method was commonly adopted,but the geological conditions,the migration-accumulation mechanisms of NGH,and the practical recoverability were not considered.These estimates cannot be regarded as evaluated resources according to the international resource evaluation standards,but are at most about prospective gas content of NGH,thus inefficient for guiding explorations and developments.To solve these problems,this study divides the past NGH surveys in the SCS into seven stages,acquires key geological parameters of every stage based on previous studies and analogy with other areas,evaluates the NGH resources of these seven stages by using the volumetric method,then adopts a new trend-analysis method to simulate the downward trend of these estimates,and finally predicts the NGH resources in the SCS at 2025 and 2030.The downward trend is because of the continuous improvement of NGH understanding over time,which is consistent with the trend of global NGH estimates.At the present stage(from 2019 to 2021),the average technically recoverable resource(ATRR)is 7.0×10^(12)m^(3),and the estimates of 2025 and 2030 ATRR are 6.46×10^(12)m^(3) and 4.01×10^(12)m^(3)respectively,with a difference of less than 40%.Therefore,it can be inferred that the ATRR of NGH in the SCS is between 4.0 and 6.5×10^(12)m^(3),with an average of 5.2

关键词： Resource evaluation Natural gas hydrates The South China Sea Volumetric method Trend-analysis method

Research progress and challenges of natural gas hydrate resource evaluation in the South China Sea

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Petroleum Science 2022年第1期19卷 13-25页

作者： Zhi Xu Tao Hu Xiong-Qi Pang En-Ze Wang Xiao-Han Liu Zhuo-Ya Wu Di Chen Chang-Rong Li xing-wen zhang Tong Wang State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China School of Earth&Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing100871China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development CNPCBeijing100083China

As an efficient clean energy,natural gas hydrate(NGH)has become a hot topic in recent researches.Since1990 s,China has made great achievements and progress in NGH exploration in the South China Sea(SCS),including determination of the favorable distribution areas and favorable strata thickness,identification of the dual source for accumulation,evaluation of the prospective gas contents,verification of the widespread existence,and confirmation of the technical recoverability of NGH resources.However,there are three major challenges in the NGH studies.First,all the 24 national key and major projects in the SCS focused on trial production engineering and geological engineering in the past 20 years,while 8 of the 10 international NGH research projects focused on resource potential.Second,resource evaluation methods are outdated and some parameter selection are subjective.Third,the existing resource evaluation results are low-level with a great uncertainty,and cannot be used to guide NGH exploration and production or strategic research.To improve the evaluation of NGH resources in the SCS,future researches should focus on four aspects:(1)improve the research on the criterion of the objective existence of NGH and the method of prediction and evaluation;(2)apply new theories and methods from the global NGH research;(3)boost the research on the difference and correlation of the conditions of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in different basins;(4)innovate the theory and method of NGH resource potential evaluation.

关键词： South China Sea Natural gas hydrate Oil and gas resource evaluation Comprehensive exploration of oil and gas Oil and gas development strategy

Functional changes of the lateral pterygoid muscle in patients with temporomandibular disorders:a pilot magnetic resonance images texture study

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Chinese Medical Journal 2020年第5期133卷 530-536页

作者： Meng-Qi Liu xing-wen zhang wen-Ping Fan Shi-Lin He Yan-Yi Wang Zhi-Ye Chen Department of Radiology Hainan Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General HospitalSanyaHainan 572013China Department of Neurology First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General HospitalBeijing 100853China Department of Information Hainan Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General HospitalSanyaHainan 572013China Department of Stomatology Hainan Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General HospitalSanyaHainan 572013China Department of Radiology First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General HospitalBeijing 100853China

Background:Texture features were the intrinsic properties of the human tissues and could efficiently detect the subtle functional changes of involved tissue.The pathologic changes of the lateral pterygoid muscle(LPM)were significantly correlated with the temporomandibular disc displacement.However,the occult functional changes of LPM could not be detected by the naked eye on the medical images.The current study was aimed to evaluate the functional changes of the LPM in the patients with temporomandibular disorders(TMDs)using texture analysis.Methods:Twenty-nine patients with TMD were performed with magnetic resonance(MR)imaging on a 3.0T MR scanner,who were consecutively recruited from the TMD clinic of Hainan Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital from February 2019 to September 2019.The patients were classified into three groups according to the disc displacement:disc without displacement(DWoD),disc displacement with reduction(DDWR)and disc displacement without reduction(DDWoR).The graylevel co-occurrence matrix method was applied with the texture analysis of LPM on the axial T2-weighted imaging.The texture features included angular second moment,contrast,correlation,inverse different moment,and entropy.One-way analysis of variance was used for grouped comparisons and receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curve analysis was applied to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the texture parameters.Results:Texture contrast of LPM presented significantly lower in DDWoR(46.30[35.03,94.48])than that in DWoD(123.85[105.06,143.23];test statistic=23.05;P<0.001).Texture entropy of LPM showed significant differences among DWoD(7.62±0.33),DDWR(6.76±0.35),and DDWoR(6.46±0.39)(PDWoD-DDWR<0.001,PDWoD-DDWoR<0.001,and PDDWR-DDWoR=0.014).Area under the ROC curve(AUC)demonstrated that texture entropy had an excellent diagnostic accuracy for DWoD-DDWR(AUC=0.96)and DWoD-DDWoR(AUC=0.98).Conclusion:The texture contrast and entropy could identify the altered functional status of LPM in patients withTMDand could be

关键词： Entropy Magnetic resonance imaging Pterygoid muscle Temporomandibular joint disorders

Establishment and evaluation of a prognostic model for patients with unresectable gastric cancer liver metastases

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第13期12卷 2182-2193页

作者： Zheng-Yao Chang wen-xing Gao Yue zhang wen Zhao Di Wu Lin Chen Department of General Surgery The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China Department of Endocrinology The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China School of Medicine Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

BACKGROUND Liver metastases(LM)is the primary factor contributing to unfavorable outcomes in patients diagnosed with gastric cancer(GC).The objective of this study is to analyze significant prognostic risk factors for patients with GCLM and develop a reliable nomogram model that can accurately predict individualized prognosis,thereby enhancing the ability to evaluate patient outcomes.AIM To analyze prognostic risk factors for GCLM and develop a reliable nomogram model to accurately predict individualized prognosis,thereby enhancing patient outcome assessment.METHODS Retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data pertaining to GCLM(type III),admitted to the Department of General Surgery across multiple centers of the Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2010 to January 2018.The dataset was divided into a development cohort and validation cohort in a ratio of 2:1.In the development cohort,we utilized univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to identify independent risk factors associated with overall survival in GCLM patients.Subsequently,we established a prediction model based on these findings and evaluated its performance using receiver operator characteristic curve analysis,calibration curves,and clinical decision curves.A nomogram was created to visually represent the prediction model,which was then externally validated using the validation cohort.RESULTS A total of 372 patients were included in this study,comprising 248 individuals in the development cohort and 124 individuals in the validation cohort.Based on Cox analysis results,our final prediction model incorporated five independent risk factors including albumin levels,primary tumor size,presence of extrahepatic metastases,surgical treatment status,and chemotherapy administration.The 1-,3-,and 5-years Area Under the Curve values in the development cohort are 0.753,0.859,and 0.909,respectively;whereas in the validation cohort,they are observed to be 0.772,0.848,and 0.923.Furthermore,the calibration curves demonstrated excellent cons

关键词： Gastric cancer Liver metastases Nomogram Prognostic model Survival analysis

Relationship of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Retinal Vessel Calibers with Cognitive Impairment in the Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities Population

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期37卷 196-203页

作者： WANG Dan Dan WANG An Xin zhang Xiao Li WEI wen Bin WU Shou Ling ZHAO xing Quan Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100070China China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing 100070China Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceBeijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100005China Department of Cardiology Kailuan HospitalTangshan 063001HebeiChina

Objective Cognitive impairment(CI)in older individuals has a high morbidity rate worldwide,with poor diagnostic methods and susceptible population identification.This study aimed to investigate the relationship between different retinal metrics and CI in a particular population,emphasizing polyvascular status.Methods We collected information from the Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities Community Study on retinal vessel calibers,retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness,and cognitive function of 3,785participants,aged 40 years or older.Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between retinal metrics and cognitive function.Subgroups stratified by different vascular statuses were also analyzed.Results RNFL thickness was significantly thinner in the CI group(odds ratio:0.973,95%confidence interval:0.953–0.994).In the subgroup analysis,the difference still existed in the non-intracranial arterial stenosis,non-extracranial carotid arterial stenosis,and peripheral arterial disease subgroups(P<0.05).Conclusion A thin RNFL is associated with CI,especially in people with non-large vessel stenosis.The underlying small vessel change in RNFL and CI should be investigated in the future.

关键词： Retinal nerve fiber layer Cognitive impairment Polyvascular abnormality

Early embryonic failure caused by a novel mutation in the TUBB8 gene:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第12期12卷 2092-2098页

作者： Xiao-Yu zhang xing-xing zhang Lei Wang Department of Reproductive Center Zaozhuang Maternal and Child Healthcare HospitalZaozhuang 277000Shandong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the relationship between gene mutations and early embryonic development arrest and to provide more possibilities for the diagnosis and treatment of repeated implantation failure.CASE SUMMARY Here,we collected and described the clinical data of a patient with early embryonic development stagnation after repeated in vitro fertilization attempts for primary infertility at the Department Reproductive Center of Zaozhuang Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital.We also detected the whole-exon gene of the patient's spouse and parents,and conducted bioinformatics analysis to determine the pathogenesis of the gene.CONCLUSION A novel mutant of the TUBB8 gene[c.602G>T(p.C201F)]was identified,and this mutant provided new data on the genotype-phenotype relationships of related diseases.

关键词： Genes Mutation Embryonic development Fertilization in vitro Intracytoplasmic sperm injection Case report

Numerical simulation study on the hygrothermal performance of building exterior walls under dynamic wind-driven rain condition

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Building Simulation 2024年第2期17卷 207-221页

作者： xing Hu Huibo zhang Hui Yu School of Design Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China

Wind-driven rain(WDR)has a significant influence on the hygrothermal performance,durability,and energy consumption of building components.The calculation of WDR loads using semi-empirical models has been incorporated into the boundary conditions of coupled heat and moisture transfer models.However,prior research often relied on fixed WDR absorption ratio,which fail to accurately capture the water absorption characteristics of porous building materials under rainfall scenarios.Therefore,this study aims to investigate the coupled heat and moisture transfer of exterior walls under dynamic WDR boundary conditions,utilizing an empirically obtained WDR absorption ratio model based on field measurements.The developed coupled heat and moisture transfer model is validated against the HAMSTAD project.The findings reveal that the total WDR flux calculated with the dynamic WDR boundary is lower than that obtained with the fixed WDR boundary,with greater disparities observed in orientations experiencing higher WDR loads.The variations in moisture flow significantly impact the surface temperature and relative humidity of the walls,influencing the calculation of cooling and heating loads by different models.Compared to the transient heat transfer model,the coupled heat and moisture transfer model incorporating dynamic WDR boundary exhibits maximum increases of 17.6%and 16.2%in cooling and heating loads,respectively.The dynamic WDR boundary conditions provide more precise numerical values for surface moisture flux,offering valuable insights for the thermal design of building enclosures and load calculations for HVAC systems.

关键词： wind-driven rain building component hygrothermal model transient simulation cooling and heating loads