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Global convergence in terrestrial gross primary production response to atmospheric vapor pressure deficit

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年

作者： Chao Huang Jingfeng Huang Jingfeng Xiao xing Li Hong S.He Yu liang Fusheng Chen Hanqin Tian Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed College of Forestry Jiangxi Agricultural University CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Applied Remote Sensing & Information Technology College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Systems Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University Earth Systems Research Center Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space University of New HampshireDurham Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul National University School of Natural Resources University of Missouri 203 ABNR BuildingColumbia Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Boston College

Atmospheric vapor pressure deficit(VPD) increases with climate warming and may limit plant growth. However, gross primary production(GPP) responses to VPD remain a mystery, offering a significant source of uncertainty in the estimation of global terrestrial ecosystems carbon dynamics. In this study, in-situ measurements, satellite-derived data, and Earth System Models(ESMs) simulations were analysed to show that the GPP of most ecosystems has a similar threshold in response to VPD: first increasing and then declining. When VPD exceeds these thresholds, atmospheric drought stress reduces soil moisture and stomatal conductance, thereby decreasing the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. Current ESMs underscore CO2fertilization effects but predict significant GPP decline in low-latitude ecosystems when VPD exceeds the thresholds. These results emphasize the impacts of climate warming on VPD and propose limitations to future ecosystems productivity caused by increased atmospheric water demand. Incorporating VPD, soil moisture, and canopy conductance interactions into ESMs enhances the prediction of terrestrial ecosystem responses to climate change.

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Bifidobacterium adolescentis CCFM8630 Exerts Anti-Obesity Effects by Modulating Gut Microbiota-Related Tryptophan Metabolism

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Bo Zhang Linlin Wang Peijun Tian xing Jin Ming liang Zehua Chen Jianxin Zhao Hao Zhang Gang Wang State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources Jiangnan University School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan University (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology Jiangnan University Infinitus (China) Company Ltd. Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch

Obesity is a major focus of researchers due to its increasing prevalence and relationship with other diseases， such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Probiotics are active microorganisms and have been proven to alleviate obesity by modulating the microbiota. In this study， we found that oral administration of Bifidobacterium adolescentis CCFM8630 to obese mice inhibited high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced changes in body weight and adipose tissue and alleviated hepatic oxidative stress. Furthermore， B. adolescentis CCFM8630 treatment primarily affected the relative abundances of the phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria， and thereby decreased the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the occurrence of LPS-related diseases. A high fiber intake increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in obese mice， but these changes were reversed by B. adolescentis CCFM8630 treatment. In addition， targeted metabolomic analysis and microbiota relationship analysis revealed that B. adolescentis CCFM8630 treatment modified the microbiota of obese mice by promoting the conversion of tryptophan (Trp) to xanthurenic acid， kynurenic acid， tryptamine， indole-3-acetic acid， and indole-3-carboxaldehyde; facilitated the expression of interleukin-17A and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor to generate interleukin-22 in the colon; and upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins， thereby strengthening intestinal barriers. In summary， our findings suggest that the intake of B. adolescentis CCFM8630 may alleviate obesity by modulating the gut microbiota and related Trp metabolism.

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Prophylactic effects of Edible Lilium-Egg yolk compound powder on depression-like behaviors in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress: A role of gut-brain axis

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Yu Huang Yu-xin Luo Sai-nan Tian Meng-zhou Xie liang Li Ming-xing Jiang Zhi-ying Yuan Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation & Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy Hunan University of Chinese Medicine TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory School of Pharmacy Hunan University of Chinese Medicine

The incidence rate and harmfulness of depression are increasing yearly， and the research on the antidepressant effect of regulating the intestinal microecology balance has attracted widespread attention. The purpose of this research was to study the preventive effects and the regulatory mechanism of edible Lilium-egg yolk compound powder(Chinese abbreviation， BHT) on gut-brain crosstalk in depressive rats induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS) through the "microbiota-gut-brain" axis. Results showed that infusion of BHT for 21 days ameliorated the morphology of the hippocampus and colon， increased the rate of sucrose preference， reduced the immobility time of forced swimming， increased the expression level of anti-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-10 (IL-10) in serum， up-regulate the expression level of plasma neurotransmitter 5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT)， down-regulate the expression of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)， interleukin-6 (IL-6)， and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and neurotransmitter glutamic acid (Glu) in serum， and decrease the expression levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)， diamine oxidase (DAO) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) in plasma. The underlying mechanism may be to reduce the activation of microglia (lower levels of CD11b， IBa1 protein and gene expression)， regulate hippocampal GR/BDNF/NPY signal pathway (higher levels of GR， BDNF， NPY protein and gene expression)， enhance intestinal mucosal barrier function (higher levels of ZO-1， Occludin protein and gene expression)， regulate the composition and structure of intestinal flora(Analysis results of LEfSe combined with random forest showed that Prevotella and Paraprevotella might be biomarkers of BHT intervention in depression)， and it is related to the improvement of glutathione metabolism， and other metabolic pathways. Pearson correlation analysis found that 5-HT is strongly positively correlated with Prevotella，and Glu has a strong negative correlation with Prevotella.In conclusion， BHT can exert its antidepressant eff

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Establishment of a system for screening and identification of novel bactericide targets in the plant pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae using Tn-seq and SPR

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1580-1592页

作者： Chaoyue Pang Ling Jin Haoyu Zang Damalk Saint-Claire SKoklannou Jiazhi Sun Jiawei Yang Yongxing Wang liang Xu Chunyan Gu Yang Sun xing Chen Yu Chen School of Plant Protection Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety Anhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesHefei 230031China Anhui Province Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application School of Plant ProtectionAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefei230036China Hefei Research Center State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsHefei 230036China Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province School of Plant ProtectionAnhui Agricultural University Hefei230036China Shandong Vicome Greenland Chemical Co. Ltd.Jinan 250204China

Xanthomonas spp. cause severe bacterial diseases. However, effective strategies for prevention and management of these diseases are scarce. Thus, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of control of diseases caused by Xanthomonas. In this study, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae(Xoo), which causes rice bacterial leaf blight, has been studied as a representative. A transposon insertion library of Xoo, comprising approximately 200,000 individual insertion mutants, was generated. Transposon sequencing data indicated that the mariner C9 transposase mapped at 35.7–36.4% of all potential insertion sites, revealing 491 essential genes required for the growth of Xoo in rich media. The results show that, compared to the functions of essential genes of other bacteria, the functions of some essential genes of Xoo are unknown, 25 genes might be dangerous for the Xanthomonas group, and 3 are specific to Xanthomonas. High-priority candidates for developing broad-spectrum, Xanthomonas-specific, and environment-friendly bactericides were identified in this study. In addition, this study revealed the possible targets of dioctyldiethylenetriamine using surface plasmon resonance(SPR) in combination with high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(HPLC–MS). The study also provided references for the research of some certain bactericides with unknown anti-bacterial mode of action. In conclusion, this study urged a better understanding of Xanthomonas,provided meaningful data for the management of bacterial leaf blight, and disclosed selected targets of a novel bactericide.

关键词： rice bacterial leaf blight Xanthomonas essential genes Tn-seq dioctyldiethylenetriamine

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机器学习在食品风味领域的研究进展与未来趋势

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食品科学 2024年第10期45卷 28-37页

作者：陈靓阳佳红田星湖南中医药大学药学院湖南长沙410208 湖南中医药大学湖南省中医药民族医药国际联合实验室湖南长沙410208

随着生活水平不断提高,人们除了关心食物是否美味外,其健康要素和良好风味的结合也越来越受到重视。食品风味成分不仅是影响食品感官品质的重要因素,也是影响食品营养水平的关键指标。目前,传统方法对食品风味成分进行分析及预测费时费... 详细信息

随着生活水平不断提高,人们除了关心食物是否美味外,其健康要素和良好风味的结合也越来越受到重视。食品风味成分不仅是影响食品感官品质的重要因素,也是影响食品营养水平的关键指标。目前,传统方法对食品风味成分进行分析及预测费时费力,且无法处理大量数据。相比之下,机器学习是人工智能的核心,在区分差异性以及寻找共同性上具有传统分析技术难以比拟的优势,在食品风味分析领域已取得了良好的应用。基于此,本文围绕机器学习在食品风味领域的研究现状,介绍常用的机器学习方法的原理和优点,及其在食品风味预测及调节中的最新应用与前景。重点探讨现代智能感官检测技术结合机器学习在食品风味分析领域研究的优势与未来趋势,以期为食品风味分析与预测领域研究提供新思路和理论基础。

关键词：机器学习食品风味风味分析与预测智能感官检测技术研究进展

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Endothelial phosphodiesterase 4B inactivation ameliorates endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and pulmonary hypertension

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第4期14卷 1726-1741页

作者： Yanjiang xing Yangfeng Hou Tianfei Fan Ran Gao Xiaohang Feng Bolun Li Junling Pang Wenjun Guo Ting Shu Jinqiu Li Jie Yang Qilong Mao Ya Luo Xianmei Qi Peiran Yang Chaoyang liang Hongmei Zhao Wenhui Chen Jing Wang Chen Wang State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100005China Department of Lung Transplantation National Center for Respiratory MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesChina–Japan Friendship HospitalInstitute of Respiratory MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100029China Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin 300051China The State Key Laboratory of Complex Severeand Rare DiseasesInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of PathophysiologyPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100005China Department of Pharmacy West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610044China

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a fatal disorder characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and obstruction. The phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) family hydrolyzes cyclic AMP (cAMP) and is comprised of four subtypes (PDE4A–D). Previous studies have shown the beneficial effects of pan-PDE4 inhibitors in rodent PH;however, this class of drugs is associated with side effects owing to the broad inhibition of all four PDE4 isozymes. Here, we demonstrate that PDE4B is the predominant PDE isozyme in lungs and that it was upregulated in rodent and human PH lung tissues. We also confirmed that PDE4B is mainly expressed in the lung endothelial cells (ECs). Evaluation of PH in Pde4b wild type and knockout mice confirmed that Pde4b is important for the vascular remodeling associated with PH. In vivo EC lineage tracing demonstrated that Pde4b induces PH development by driving endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), and mechanistic studies showed that Pde4b regulates EndMT by antagonizing the cAMP-dependent PKA–CREB–BMPRII axis. Finally, treating PH rats with a PDE4B-specific inhibitor validated that PDE4B inhibition has a significant pharmacological effect in the alleviation of PH. Collectively, our findings indicate a critical role for PDE4B in EndMT and PH, prompting further studies of PDE4B-specific inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for PH.

关键词： Phosphodiesterase 4B Pulmonary hypertension Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition

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热连轧过程机架间运动板带动特性研究

工程力学 2024年第5期41卷 234-246页

作者：崔金星孙建亮彭艳邢建康燕山大学国家冷轧板带装备及工艺工程技术研究中心北京星航机电装备有限公司

研究了热轧过程机架间运动板带动力学特征及其影响因素。基于热轧过程板带张力形成机理，考虑机架间板带张力建立了动态张力模型；同时，考虑热轧机活套辊对运动板带的支撑作用，基于Hamilton理论建立了运动板带等效运动梁模型，并基于... 详细信息

研究了热轧过程机架间运动板带动力学特征及其影响因素。基于热轧过程板带张力形成机理，考虑机架间板带张力建立了动态张力模型；同时，考虑热轧机活套辊对运动板带的支撑作用，基于Hamilton理论建立了运动板带等效运动梁模型，并基于四阶Galerkin截断法对偏微分方程进行离散化，得到系统四阶常微分方程组。仿真分析机架间板带张力、速度和活套辊支承刚度对运动板带动力学特性的影响，以及运动板带在辊系振动引发的速度摄动下振动特征和影响规律。结果表明：张力、板带速度和活套支撑辊刚度均影响板带动力学模态特征，且活套辊支撑作用可降低板带振动幅值；在热轧工艺范围内，调整板带张力和速度对运动板带的稳定性影响不大；辊系振动造成板带运动速度呈摄动特征，且摄动频率和幅值与板带振动强度关系密切。该研究对热轧过程机架间运动板带稳定性分析和活套控制设计提供参考。

关键词：热轧运动板带 Galerkin离散法张力板带振动混沌

Hybrid Gaussian Network Intrusion Detection Method Based on CGAN and E-GraphSAGE

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Instrumentation 2024年第2期 24-35页

作者： Xinyi liang Hongyan xing Wei Gu Tianhao Hou Zhiwei Ni Xinyi Wang School of Electronics Information Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology

The rapid development of the Internet of Things(IoT) and modern information technology has led to the emergence of new types of cyber-attacks. It poses a great potential danger to network security. Consequently, protecting against network attacks has become a pressing issue that requires urgent attention. It is crucial to find practical solutions to combat such malicious behavior. A network intrusion detection(NID) method, known as GMCE-GraphSAGE, was proposed to meet the detection demands of the current intricate network environment. Traffic data is mapped into gaussian distribution, which helps to ensure that subsequent models can effectively learn the features of traffic samples. The conditional generative adversarial network(CGAN) can generate attack samples based on specified labels to create balanced traffic datasets. In addition, we constructed a communication interaction graph based on the connection patterns of traffic nodes. The E-GraphSAGE is designed to capture both the topology and edge features of the traffic graph. From it, global behavioral information is combined with traffic features, providing a solid foundation for classifying and detecting. Experiments on the UNSW-NB15 dataset demonstrate the great detection advantage of the proposed method. Its binary and multi-classification F1-score can achieve 99.36% and 89.29%, respectively. The GMCE-GraphSAGE effectively improves the detection rate of minority class samples in the NID task.

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从龙文化看中华文明的连续性

学习与探索 2024年第6期 176-183页

作者：何星亮国务院

研究、阐释和认识中华文明的连续性,既要从宏观上进行综合性探讨,也要从微观上进行专题性研究。我们可以从各种文化现象中窥见中华文明的连续性。中国龙文化源远流长、博大精深,是中华文明连续性最为典型的文化现象之一。本文主要根据... 详细信息

研究、阐释和认识中华文明的连续性,既要从宏观上进行综合性探讨,也要从微观上进行专题性研究。我们可以从各种文化现象中窥见中华文明的连续性。中国龙文化源远流长、博大精深,是中华文明连续性最为典型的文化现象之一。本文主要根据考古材料和历史文献分析龙文化中体现的中华文明连续性,并认为深入研究中华文明的连续性可以增强“文化自信”意识,更好地理解为什么要走中国式现代化道路,以及中华文明的连续性和创新性是相辅相成、相互促进的。

关键词：龙文化连续性中华文明考古材料历史文献

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