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Effect of Ni content on the weldability of middle-chromium hyperpure ferritic stainless steels 00Cr21Ti

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Baosteel Technical Research 2024年第2期18卷 19-26页

作者： zhang xinbao WANG Zhibin SUN Mingshan YAN Zhifeng WANG Wenxian R&D Center for Stainless Steel Research InstituteChina Baowu Steel Group CorporationTaiyuan 030003China School of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China

Excellent weldability substantially contributes to the intrinsic quality of steels,while appropriate chemical composition plays a primary role in the essential weldability of *** poor weldability of ferritic stainless steels could be improved through modification with minor alloy elements while minimally increasing the ***,studying the effect of minor alloy elements on the weldability of steels is of considerable *** this study,several steels of middle-chromium hyperpure ferritic stainless 00Cr21Ti with different Ni content(0.3%,0.5%,0.8%,and 1.0%)were developed,and their weldabilities of butt joint samples welded using the metal inert gas welding process,including the influence of welded joints on the microstructure,tensile performance,corrosion resistance,and fatigue property,were *** show that the steels with w(Ni)≥0.8%exhibit excellent mechanical properties compared with those with low-Ni content steels,further,their impact toughness at normal atmospheric temperature meets the industrial application standard and the fatigue property is similar to that of 304 austenitic stainless ***,results show that the corrosion resistance of all the samples is almost at the same *** results acquired in this study are supposed to be useful for the optimization of the chemical composition of stainless steels aiming to improve weldability.

关键词： 00Cr21Ti ferritic stainless steel SUS443 welded joint mechanical properties fatigue property Ni content

法律漏洞填补的原理与方法解析以《彩礼纠纷规定》为例

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中外法学 2024年第4期36卷 919-939页

作者：张新宝中国人民大学法学院

《彩礼纠纷规定》是通过司法解释填补法律漏洞的实践范例,其基本符合漏洞填补的科学原理和方法,具有法学方法论上的重要借鉴价值。对于彩礼及其返还问题,我国相关民事法律无明确规定,存在漏洞。在立法机关未通过立法或立法解释填补彩礼... 详细信息

《彩礼纠纷规定》是通过司法解释填补法律漏洞的实践范例,其基本符合漏洞填补的科学原理和方法,具有法学方法论上的重要借鉴价值。对于彩礼及其返还问题,我国相关民事法律无明确规定,存在漏洞。在立法机关未通过立法或立法解释填补彩礼规则漏洞的情况下,最高人民法院通过制定《彩礼纠纷规定》,运用法律解释的方法对其予以补充性填补。当代彩礼习惯和相关法理是用以填补彩礼漏洞的重要素材,将此等素材转化为裁判规则,需要遵循《民法典》特别是其婚姻家庭编的基本价值指引。《彩礼纠纷规定》基于婚姻自由原则、自愿原则、诚信原则、不违反法律与不违背公序良俗原则等法律原则,在正确适用法律行为解释规则和身份关系协议规则的基础上,对赠与合同规则和附条件民事法律行为规则予以变通,在法秩序框架内创设出符合彩礼关系性质、能够合理平衡当事人利益的具体规则。

关键词：法律漏洞填补法律解释彩礼规则司法解释习惯

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人工智能生成内容的著作权保护研究

比较法研究 2024年第2期 77-91页

作者：张新宝卞龙中国人民大学法学院

生成式人工智能的出现,引发了是否需要给予人工智能生成内容(包括图片、文章等)著作权保护的讨论。人工智能生成内容是否构成作品的关键在于外观上是否具备独创性,而无需考虑创作主体和创作过程。但是,著作权法保护的是人类作品,生成式... 详细信息

生成式人工智能的出现,引发了是否需要给予人工智能生成内容(包括图片、文章等)著作权保护的讨论。人工智能生成内容是否构成作品的关键在于外观上是否具备独创性,而无需考虑创作主体和创作过程。但是,著作权法保护的是人类作品,生成式人工智能无法成为适格作者,仅仅是自然人作者实施创作的辅助工具。生成式人工智能使用者的操作过程可以被理解为创作,但是应进行个案判断。使用者基于创作行为取得作者身份和著作权,同时,投资者、开发者、所有者等主体的权益也能够得到充分实现。由于人工智能生成内容的著作权问题尚未形成共识,目前认定第三人侵权时应持审慎态度,赔偿数额宜低不宜高,不宜判处惩罚性赔偿。

关键词：人工智能作品独创性著作权归属侵权责任

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玄武岩纤维及其复合纤维对隧道支护影响分析

山西建筑 2024年第17期50卷 169-171,198页

作者：张鑫宝向其凯王艳毛永贵吴瑜浙江交工集团股份有限公司浙江杭州310051

玄武岩纤维被认为是一种具备环保特性的新型无机材料,其掺入混凝土中可有效提升混凝土的强度、韧性等性能。从不同玄武岩纤维和钢纤维掺入量的角度出发,利用数值模拟研究了普通混凝土、玄武岩纤维混凝土以及复合纤维混凝土对隧道支护稳... 详细信息

玄武岩纤维被认为是一种具备环保特性的新型无机材料,其掺入混凝土中可有效提升混凝土的强度、韧性等性能。从不同玄武岩纤维和钢纤维掺入量的角度出发,利用数值模拟研究了普通混凝土、玄武岩纤维混凝土以及复合纤维混凝土对隧道支护稳定性的影响。结果显示,采用玄武岩纤维和复合纤维喷射混凝土作为衬砌具有较高的强度和韧性,明显优于普通混凝土。此外,与普通混凝土相比,玄武岩纤维混凝土和复合纤维混凝土对应力有明显的约束作用,能有效增强初期衬砌的强度,为隧道的开挖和支护提供更可靠的保障。

关键词：玄武岩纤维混凝土数值模拟隧道韧性

Application of a ^(137)Cs fingerprinting technique for interpreting responses of sediment deposition of a karst depression to deforestation in the Guizhou Plateau,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第3期54卷 431-437页

作者： zhang xinbao BAI XiaoYong LIU XiuMing Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolvement and Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Deforestation to reclaim land often triggers severe soil erosion in the Guizhou Karst Plateau. 137Cs dating of the deposited sediments in the karst depression bottom was used to estimate soil losses by surface erosion since deforestation started in 1979 on hillslopes in the Shirenzhai catchment, Puding County, Guizhou Province. The catchment has a drainage area of 0.054 km2. The average 137Cs contents of the top and peak layers in five cores of the depression bottom (with an area of 2652 m2), collected in 2009, were 2.35 and 7.25 Bq kg-1, respectively. The medium depths in the depression (which ranged between 84 cm and 113.5 cm with a mean value of 92.1 cm) showed the presence of sediments deposited in 1979. The total volume and weight of the deposited sediments since 1979 were estimated to be 1965 m3 and 2496 t, respectively. The depression bottom can be treated as a temporary impoundment and its sediment trapping efficiency was estimated to be 0.7. The relevant average soil erosion rate on the hillslopes was 2315 t km-2 yr-1 since 1979. The mean 137Cs inventory of the five cores was 7693 Bq m-2, which was ~10 times the local reference inventory of 782 Bq m-2. The total 137Cs activity of the sediments in the bottom was 20.4×106 Bq, and the relevant 137Cs inventory loss from the hillslopes was 358 Bq m-2 (since 1954), which accounted for 45.8% of the reference inventory. As soil erosion was not severe before and after the period of deforestation and following cultivation in 1979-1990, the erosion rates on the hillslopes could potentially reach 7000 t km-2 yr-1.

关键词：底部沉积物 137Cs 喀斯特洼地贵州高原应用程序指纹识别反应技术毁林

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牛粪好氧堆肥发酵微生物菌剂组合筛选研究

中国饲料 2024年第14期 33-37页

作者：唐豪刘瑞生漆晶晶顾玲荣徐建峰薛春胜周瑶张新报陈蓉蓉甘肃省动物疫病预防控制中心甘肃兰州730046 甘肃省畜牧兽医研究所甘肃平凉744000 武威市畜牧兽医总站甘肃武威733000 平凉职业技术学院甘肃平凉744000 平凉市崆峒区动物疫病预防控制中心甘肃平凉744000 庄浪县通化镇畜牧兽医站甘肃庄浪744614

为了筛选出牛粪好氧堆肥发酵效果好的微生物菌剂组合,试验将胶质芽孢杆菌、细黄链霉菌、固氮菌和黑曲霉菌按不同组合配伍开展牛粪好氧堆肥试验。结果表明,添加0.2%的胶质芽孢杆菌+细黄链霉菌+固氮菌+黑曲霉菌1∶1∶1∶1组合对牛粪好氧... 详细信息

为了筛选出牛粪好氧堆肥发酵效果好的微生物菌剂组合,试验将胶质芽孢杆菌、细黄链霉菌、固氮菌和黑曲霉菌按不同组合配伍开展牛粪好氧堆肥试验。结果表明,添加0.2%的胶质芽孢杆菌+细黄链霉菌+固氮菌+黑曲霉菌1∶1∶1∶1组合对牛粪好氧堆肥发酵效果最好,堆体升温快,温度高,高温持续期长,堆肥后含水量低,有机质和C/N降低幅度大,全氮、全钾和全磷含量增加,pH和种子发芽指数高,可以在牛粪好氧堆肥发酵中推广应用。

关键词：牛粪好氧堆肥发酵微生物菌剂

Defect-modulated and heteroatom-functionalized Ti_(3−x)C_(2)T_(y)MXene 3D nanocavities induce growth of MoSe_(2)nanoflakes toward electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution in all pH electrolytes

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Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 6294-6304页

作者： Ming Du Xianzhi Yang Jian zhang Wei Chen Huajie Huang xinbao Zhu Xing’ao Li State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials(SICAM)Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(NJUPT)Nanjing 210023China College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(NJUPT) Nanjing 210023China New Energy Technology Engineering Lab of Jiangsu Province College of ScienceNanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(NJUPT)Nanjing 210023China College of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering Taizhou UniversityJiaojiang 318000China College of Mechanics and Materials Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China

Reducing kinetic energy barriers and developing accessible active sites are critical to deliver high hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)*** this paper,we synthesized defect-modulated and heteroatom(boron)-functionalized three-dimensional(3D)bowl-shaped Ti_(3−x)C_(2)T_(y)MXene(B-TCT)nanocavities coupled with the vertical growth of MoSe_(2)*** B-TCT@MoSe_(2)nanohybrids catalyst delivers the overpotentials of 49.9,52.7,and 67.8 mV to reach a HER current density of 10 mA·cm^(−2)under acidic,alkaline,and neutral conditions,*** outstanding HER activity is predominantly attributed to the heteroatom functionalization,self-adapting Ti vacancy(VTi)defect modulation,and spatial configuration design in the 3D B-TCT nanocavity,which synergistically regulate the electronic structure,activate the basal plane/edge unsaturated sites,and reduce the reaction energy *** and theoretical calculations demonstrate that strong heterogeneous interfacial bonding interactions between B-TCT and MoSe_(2)can dramatically reduce the free energy of hydrogen adsorption and facilitate efficient interfacial charge migration,thus essentially improving the HER *** used this 3D porous nanohybrid system assembled by defectrich lamellar structures to elucidate the advantageous synergistic effects of multiple mechanisms among defect structure,heteroatom functionalization,and interfacial coupling,which provided important insights for the development of efficient hybridtype catalysts.

关键词： electrocatalytic H_(2)evolution three-dimensional(3D)MXene nanocavity MoSe_(2)nanoflake self-adapting Ti vacancy defect heteroatom-functionalized interfacial interaction

Dated deposition couplets link catchment erosion flux with storm discharge on the Chinese Loess Plateau

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Acta Geochimica 2017年第3期36卷 548-551页

作者： zhangdong Jin Xiaqing Wang xinbao zhang SKLLQG Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Resources and Environment and Tourism Hunan University of Arts and Science Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences

Tracing erosion flux within a single catchment is one of the major targets for the Earth's Critical Zone science. The sedimentary succession in landslide-dammed reservoirs within the Chinese Loess Plateau(CLP) serves as a valuable archive of past erosion history. Deposition couplets and annual freeze–thaw layers were firstly identified for the sedimentary succession of the Jingbian reservoir on the northern CLP with high-resolution XRF core scanning. The deposition couplets in the reservoir since 1963 A.D. were further dated with ^(137) Cs activity. We found consistent one-to-one correspondence between couplet specific sediment yield and storm intensity. The reconstructed soil erosion history highlights the control of storm intensity and frequency on loess erosion on the northern CLP in the past hundreds of years.

关键词：中国黄土高原侵蚀通量暴雨径流流域沉积序列降雨暴雨强度华北平原

^(137)Cs Finger Printing Technique for Erosion and Sedimentation Studies

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第1期9卷 34-40页

作者： LONG Yi zhang xinbao WEN Anbang HE Xiubin Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment CASChengdu610041China Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Change and Regulation Chengdu610041China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryCASGuiyang 550002China

137 Cs is an artificial radionuclide with a half-life of 30.2 years,which was released into the environment as a byproduct of atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons during the period of 1950s to 1970s with a peak deposition in 1963.137 Cs fallout was strongly and rapidly adsorbed by soil particles when it deposited on the ground mostly with *** following movements will associate with the adsorbed particles.137 Cs tracing technique has been widely used in soil erosion and sedimentation studies since *** paper introduces the basis of the technique and shows several case studies of assessment of soil erosion rates,investigation of sediment sources and dating of reservoir deposits by using the technique in the Loess Plateau and the Upper Yangtze River Basin.

关键词： 137Cs 印刷技术侵蚀泥沙土壤侵蚀速率人工放射性核素铯-137 手指长江上游流域