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Nanodiamond:a promising metal-free nanoscale material in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis

Rare Metals 2024年第8期43卷 3501-3552页

作者： Xiao-Wu Gao Zi-Wei Zhao Yang He Sai-Fei Fan Ke-Ran Jiao Si-Yu Lou xin-yue han Peng-Fei Song Rong Cai Zhun Hu Zhong-Jie Jiang Yong-Jie Wang Jia-Qi Zhu Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems School of ScienceHarbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518055China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150080China School of Advanced Technology Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou215000China Department of Biosciences Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77251USA Institute of Industrial Catalysis School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of Energy Materials New Energy Research Institute&Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Surface Chemistry of Energy MaterialsCollege of Environment and EnergySouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China

Benefiting from its surface-rich functional groups,eco-friendliness,impressive electrochemical properties,excellent light absorption,structural tunability at the atomic/morphological level,and ultra-high stability under harsh conditions,nanodiamond has emerged as a promising carbon-based non-metallic material in the field of energy conversion such as electrocatalysis and ***,nanodiamond,as a new generation of green catalysts,can overcome the poisoning of catalysts by complex pollutants in advanced oxidation processes,thus effectively removing organic matter from water,which is unparalleled in reducing the cost of water purification and avoiding secondary cross-contamination of water by traditional heavy metal-based ***,we review the research and development of nanodiamonds as major electrocatalysts and photocatalysts for energy conversion and for air/water treatment for environmental *** relevant properties,trimming strategy,mechanistic understanding,and design principles of nanodiamond as a catalyst are described,as well as the challenges and prospects of this emerging field.

关键词： Carbon materials Nanodiamond Electrocatalysis Photocatalysis Energy conversion Pollutant treatment

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Distribution behavior of phosphorus in the coal-based reduction of high-phosphorus-content oolitic iron ore

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第4期21卷 331-338页

作者： Yong-sheng Sun yue-xin han Peng Gao Duo-zhen Ren College of Resources and Civil Engineering Northeastern University

This study focuses on the reduction of phosphorus from high-phosphorus-content oolitic iron ore via coal-based reduction. The distribution behavior of phosphorus （i.e., the phosphorus content and the phosphorus distribution ratio in the metal, slag, and gas phases） during reduction was investigated in detail. Experimental results showed that the distribution behavior of phosphorus was strongly influenced by the reduction temperature, the reduction time, and the C/O molar ratio. A higher temperature and a longer reaction time were more favor-able for phosphorus reduction and enrichment in the metal phase. An increase in the C/O ratio improved phosphorus reduction but also hin-dered the mass transfer of the reduced phosphorus when the C/O ratio exceeded 2.0. According to scanning electron microscopy analysis, the iron ore was transformed from an integral structure to metal and slag fractions during the reduction process. Apatite in the ore was reduced to P, and the reduced P was mainly enriched in the metal phase. These results suggest that the proposed method may enable utilization of high-phosphorus-content oolitic iron ore resources.

关键词： iron ores phosphorus ore reduction pyrometallurgy

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Recovery of boron from high-boron iron concentrate using reduction roasting and magnetic separation

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2017年第2期24卷 131-137页

作者： Jian-wen Yu yue-xin han Peng Gao Yan-jun Li College of Resources and Civil Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 Liaoning China

The comprehensive utilization of abundant high-boron iron concentrate is of particular significance to Chi- na, and the high-boron iron concentrate has not yet been utilized as a source for boron at an industrial scale due to its complex mineralogy and fine mineral dissemination. An innovative method was proposed for recovery of boron and iron from high-boron iron concentrate by reduction roasting and magnetic sepa- ration. The effects of reduction temperature and roasting time were investigated and their optimum condi- tions were determined. The mineralogical changes during roasting were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results showed that the pyrrhotite （FeS） contained in the high-boron iron concentrate and the new-formed FeS-Fe solid solution softened or melted at high temperatures owing to their low melting points, and then decreased the metallic iron ratio and accelerated the growth of metallic iron particles. Meanwhile, the magnetite and szaibelyite were converted into metal- lic iron and suanite, respectively. Consequently, boron was readily enriched into the non-magnetic product and the metallic iron was aggregated to the magnetic concentrate by magnetic separation. Boron recovery of 88.6% with corresponding B2O3 content of 14.5% and iron recovery of 95.1% with an iron grade of 92.7% were achieved when high-boron iron concentrate was reduced at 1 125℃ for 150 min. Besides, the boron reactivity of the boron-rich non-magnetic product was up to 80.8%.

关键词： High-boron ironconcentrateCarbothermic reduction Magnetic separation Metallic iron Boron-rich non magnetic product

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Growth behavior of the magnetite phase in the reduction of hematite via a fluidized bed

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2019年第10期26卷 1231-1238页

作者： Jian-wen Yu yue-xin han Yan-jun Li Peng Gao School of Resources and Civil Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing Beijing General Research Institute of Mining&Metallurgy GroupBeijing 102628China

To understand the formation and growth mechanism of the magnetite phase during the fluidized reduction of hematite, a high-purity hematite ore was isothermally reduced using a 20vol% CO 80vol% CO2 gas mixture in a micro-fluidized bed to examine the process of the selective conversion of hematite to magnetite. The micro-structural characteristics of the magnetite phase were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) method, and the thickness of the magnetite layer was measured and evaluated using statistical analysis. The experimental results showed that the fresh magnetite nuclei were dense needles of different lengths, and the original hematite grains became porous after complete reduction to the magnetite phase. The thickness of the mag- netite layer increased with an increase in reduction temperature and reduction time. The growth kinetics of the magnetite layer was investi- gated, and the value of the activation energy E was estimated to be 28.33 kJ/mol.

关键词： hematite ore fluidized bed suspension magnetization roasting magnetite growth kinetics

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Strengthening iron enrichment and dephosphorization of high-phosphorus oolitic hematite using high-temperature pretreatment

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2020年第4期27卷 443-453页

作者： Wen-tao Zhou yue-xin han Yong-sheng Sun Yan-jun Li College of Resources and Civil Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

The efficient development and utilization of high-phosphorus oolitic hematite is of great strategic significance for the sustainable supply of iron-ore resources in *** this paper,the mechanism of high-temperature pretreatment for enhancing the effect of iron enrichment and dephosphorization in the magnetization roasting–leaching process was studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD),vibration sample magnetometer(VSM),scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry(SEM–EDS).Compared with the process without high-temperature pretreatment,the iron grade of the magnetic separation concentrate after high-temperature pretreatment had increased by 0.98%,iron recovery rate had increased by 1.33%,and the phosphorus content in the leached residue had decreased by 0.12%.High-temperature pretreatment resulted in the dehydration and decomposition of hydroxyapatite,the dehydration of limonite and the thermal decomposition of siderite,which can produce pores and cracks and weaken the compactness of the ore,improve the magnetization characteristics of roasted ore,and strengthen the iron enrichment and dephosphorization during the magnetization roasting and leaching process.

关键词： high-phosphorus oolitic hematite high-temperature pretreatment iron enrichment and dephosphorization magnetization roasting–leaching process phase transformation

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Formation and characterization of metallic iron grains in coal-based reduction of oolitic iron ore

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2017年第2期24卷 123-129页

作者： Yong-sheng Sun yue-xin han Yan-feng Li Yan-jun Li School of Resources and Civil Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China

To reveal the formation and characteristics of metallic iron grains in coal-based reduction, oolitic iron ore was isothermally re- duced in various reduction times at various reduction temperatures. The microstructure and size of the metallic iron phase were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and a Bgrimm process mineralogy analyzer. In the results, the re- duced Fe separates from the ore and forms metallic iron protuberances, and then the subsequent reduced Fe diffuses to the protuberances and grows into metallic iron grains. Most of the metallic iron grains exist in the quasi-spherical shape and inlaid in the slag matrix. The cumula- tive frequency of metallic iron grain size is markedly influenced by both reduction time and temperature. With increasing reduction temperature and time, the grain size of metallic iron obviously increases. According to the classical grain growth equation, the growth kinetic parameters, i.e., time exponent, growth activation energy, and pre-exponential constant, are estimated to be 1.3759 ± 0.0374, 103.18 kJ·mol^-1, and 922.05, respec- tively. Using these calculated parameters, a growth model is established to describe the growth behavior of metallic iron grains.

关键词： iron ore reduction metallic iron grain size growth kinetics activation energy

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Reaction behavior of associated rare earth minerals during coal-based reduction

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Rare Metals 2014年第5期33卷 628-632页

作者： Peng Gao Zhi-hang Li yue-xin han Yong-Sheng Sun College of Resources and Civil Engineering Northeastern University

In order to ascertain the reaction behavior of rare earth minerals in coal-based reduction, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS） analyses were applied to investigate the rare earth minerals in Bayan *** occurrence state and regularity of rare earth elements were analyzed under different reduction time. The results reveal that rare earth elements in rare earth minerals exist in RE（CO3）F（bastnaesite） and REPO4（monazite）. In this research, at 1,498 K with a C/O molar ratio（i.e., molar ratio of fixed carbon in the coal to reducible oxygen in the ore） of2.5, rare earth minerals primarily decompose into RE2O3at5 min. When the time is extended to 10 min, solid-phase reactions occur among RE2O3, CaO, and SiO2, and the resultant is cerium wollastonite（CaO·2RE2O3·3SiO2）. At reaction time 〉20 min, rare earth elements mainly exist in cerium wollastonite（CaO·2RE2O3·3SiO2）, and the grain size varies in the range of 10–30 μm. The results show that coal-based reduction is efficient to recover rare earth minerals in reduced materials.

关键词： Coal-based reduction Rare earth minerals Reaction behavior

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Migration behaviors and kinetics of phosphorus during coal-based reduction of high-phosphorus oolitic iron ore

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2019年第8期26卷 938-945页

作者： Yong-sheng Sun Yan-feng Li yue-xin han Yan-jun Li School of Resources and Civil Engineering Northeastern University

To understand the migration mechanisms of phosphorus(P)during coal-based reduction,a high-phosphorus oolitic iron ore was reduced by coal under various experimental *** migration characteristics and kinetics of P were investigated by a field-emission electron probe microanalyzer(FE-EPMA)and using the basic principle of solid phase mass transfer,*** results showed that the P transferred from the slag to the metallic phase during reduction,and the migration process could be divided into three stages:phosphorus diffusing from the slag to the metallic interface,the formation of Fe P compounds at the slag metal interface and P diffusing from the slag metal interface to the metallic *** reduction time and temperature significantly influenced the phosphorus content of the metallic and slag *** P content of the metallic phase increased with increasing reduction time and temperature,while that of the slag phase gradually *** P diffusion constant and activation energy were determined and a migration kinetics model of P in coal-based reduction was proposed.P diffusion in the metallic phase was the controlling step of the P migration.

关键词： high-phosphorus oolitic iron ore coal-based reduction phosphorus migration kinetics

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Strengthening leaching effect of Carlin-type gold via high-voltage pulsed discharge pretreatment

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2021年第6期28卷 965-973页

作者： Peng Gao Yong-hong Qin yue-xin han Yan-jun Li Si-ying Liu College of Resources and Civil Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China National-local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-efficient Exploitation Technology for Refractory Iron Ore Resources Shenyang 110819China

A high-voltage pulsed discharge(HVPD)pretreatment was used to strengthen the leaching effect of Carlin-type gold ore containing *** results of the pretreatment experiments were obtained at the following operating conditions:a spherical gap spacing of 20 mm,pulse number of 100,and voltage of 30 *** leaching rate of gold was increased by 15.65%via the HVPD *** mass fraction of–0.5+0.35 mm and–0.35+0.1 mm was increased by 10.97%and 6.83%compared to the untreated samples,respectively,and the Au grade of–0.1 mm was increased by 22.84%.However,the superiority of the HVPD pretreatment would be weakened by prolonged grinding *** electron microscopy results indicated that the pretreated products presented as a melting state and then condensation,accompanying by some pore *** micro-cracks were generated at the interface of the ore and the original crack were expended via pulsed discharge pretreatment,with the contact area between the leaching reagent and ore increased,the leaching reaction rate enhanced and the leaching effect strengthened.

关键词： high-voltage pulse discharge pretreatment Carlin-type gold leaching rate particle size distribution micro-cracks

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Recovery of iron from high phosphorus oolitic iron ore using coal-based reduction followed by magnetic separation

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2013年第5期20卷 411-419页

作者： Yong-sheng Sun yue-xin han Peng Gao Ze-hong Wang Duo-zhen Ren College of Resources and Civil Engineering Northeastern University

Oolitic iron ore is one of the most important iron resources. This paper reports the recovery of iron from high phosphorus oolitic iron ore using coal-based reduction and magnetic separation. The influences of reduction temperature, reduction time, C/O mole ratio, and CaO content on the metallization degree and iron recovery were investigated in detail. Experimental results show that reduced products with the metallization degree of 95.82% could be produced under the optimal conditions （i.e., reduction temperature, 1250℃; reduction time, 50 min; C/O mole ratio, 2.0; and CaO content, 10wt%）. The magnetic concentrate containing 89.63wt% Fe with the iron recovery of 96.21% was obtained. According to the mineralogical and morphologic analysis, the iron minerals had been reduced and iron was mainly enriched into the metallic iron phase embedded in the slag matrix in the form of spherical particles. Apatite was also reduced to phosphorus, which partially migrated into the metallic iron phase.

关键词： oolitic iron ore iron ore reduction magnetic separation phosphorus

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