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Antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B: Safety, effectiveness, and prognosis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第14期7卷 1784-1794页

作者： Ya-Li Wu cheng-Li Shen Xin-Yue Chen International Medical Department Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Division of Surgical Oncology James Cancer HospitalThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States

The goal of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) therapy is to improve the patient prognosis through the sustained inhibition of viral replication. However, due to the uncertainty and potentially unlimited duration of the treatment course, nucleus(t)ide analogue (NA) resistance and safety, financial costs and patient compliance, different endpoints of antiviral treatment have been proposed in CHB prevention and treatment guidelines. Different treatment endpoints are closely associated with the safety of drug withdrawal and improvements in prognosis. Antiviral treatment suppresses HBV DNA replication, drug withdrawal leads to relapse, and long-term treatment causes drug safety and resistance issues. Although hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion based on HBV DNA inhibition is considered as “a satisfactory endpoint”, drug withdrawal still leads to high relapse rates. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance is the “ideal endpoint” in terms of the safety of drug withdrawal and improvements in prognosis. However, the HBsAg clearance rate is low using the conventional single drug treatment and fixed course regimens. Recently, the application of an “optimized antiviral treatment strategy” has improved the HBsAg clearance rate, and make an “ideal endpoint” possible. This article reviews the different antiviral treatment endpoints in terms of the safety of drug withdrawal, improvements in prognosis and relevant advances.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Antiviral treatment endpoint Safety Prognosis improvement Hepatitis B surface antigen clearance

Projectively Flat Singular Square Metrics with Constant Flag Curvature

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2020年第6期36卷 638-650页

作者： Guang Zu chen xin yue chenG School of Science East China Jiao Tong UniversityNanchang 330013P.R.China School of Mathematical Sciences Chongqing Normal UniversityChongqing 401331P.R.China

In this paper,we study and characterize locally projectively flat singular square metrics with constant flag curvature.First,we obtain the sufficient and necessary conditions that singular square metrics are locally pro jectively flat.Furthermore,we classify locally pro jectively flat singular square metrics with constant flag curvature completely.

关键词： Singular square metric projectively flat metric flag curvature

Correlation analysis between the occurrence of epidemic in ancient China and solar activity

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第1期66卷 161-168页

作者： Si chen Yong WEI xin’an yue Kaihua XU Mingkun LI Wei LIN Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciencesand China National Center for BioinformationBeijing 100101China Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China

As the globe has witnessed the pandemic,epidemic diseases exert a strong impact on human beings and ecosystems.Since the Sun is the primary energy source of the Earth,some scientific pioneers attempted to search for the discernible relation between solar activity and the incidence of epidemics.In this study,the periodic changes and trends of ancient Chinese epidemic data were analyzed in comparison with those of sunspot numbers,a solar activity proxy.The results show that the epidemic and solar activity changes are in good agreement to a certain extent,especially during the Gleissberg and the de Vries cycles.The wavelet coherence shows that the frequency of the epidemic data and sunspot numbers are highly associated.In addition,results from the ensemble empirical mode decomposition illustrate consistent variations in low-frequency decompositions.This study has important implications for further understanding of the potential impact of solar activity on Earth’s biosphere,the underlying mechanism of which needs further exploration.

关键词： Epidemic Ancient China Solar activity Spectrum analysis

A novel hypomorphic ζ-chain-associated protein tyrosine kinase 70 kDa mutation with normal CD8+ T cells count

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Chinese Medical Journal 2020年第14期133卷 1759-1760页

作者： yue Li Jing Wu Tong-xin chen Division of Immunology Pediatric Translational Medicine InstituteShanghai Children’s Medical CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200127China Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Shanghai Children’s Medical CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200127China

To the Editor:The z-chain-associated protein tyrosine kinase 70 kDa(ZAP70)deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency characterized by absent CD8+T cells and non-functional CD4+T cells.[1]According to current reports,approximately 18 pathogenic ZAP70 mutations have been identified in less than 30 patients.[1-4]ZAP70 deficiency always results in recurrent bacterial,viral,and opportunistic infections,diarrhea,and autoimmune diseases.Distinctively,ZAP70 hypomorphic mutations appear to have observable clinical heterogeneity,such as Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder/lymphoma,late-onset immunodeficiency,[3]and silent brain infarcts.[5]Hence,next-generation sequencing technology might be the predominant diagnostic approach.

关键词： diarrhea ZAP70 predominant

Achilles tendon thickening does not affect elasticity and functional outcome after surgical repair of Achilles rupture:A retrospective study

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2023年第6期26卷 323-328页

作者： chen-Xi Wu Chang-yue Xiong Lu Bai Su-Meng chen Yu-xin Yan Lu Wang xin-Tao Zhang Department of Sports Medicine Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen518036Guangdong provinceChina Department of Statistics and Mathematical Sciences Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055Guangdong provinceChina

Purpose:Previous studies have confirmed that Achilles tendon occurs Achilles thickening after repair surgery of the rupture.Although this mechanism has been elucidated in the laboratory,there are few reports on its impact on clinical function.We designed a retrospective study to investigate the Achilles thickening after Achilles tendon rupture repair and its correlation between the elasticity and postoperative function.Methods:In this retrospective analysis,patients who underwent surgical treatment for acute Achilles tendon rupture from April 2016 to April 2020 were included.All the patients were regularly followed up at 3 months,1 year,and 2 years after surgery.American Orthopaedic Foot Ankle Surgeon(AOFAS)scale and Leppilahti score were used to evaluate functional outcomes.Achilles elasticity was measured by ultrasound shear wave of elasticity.Achilles thickening was calculated as maximal transverse and longitudinal diameter in cross-sectional plane of magnetic resonance scan.Sample t-tests was used for different follow-up periods.Correlation between Achilles thickening and other factors were analyzed using Pearson's method.p<0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference.Results:AOFAS scale and Leppilahti score at 1 year were significantly higher than at 3 months postoperatively(both p<0.001).These functional scales were also improved at 2-year follow-up significantly(both p<0.001).The dorsiflexion difference showed gradually recovery in each follow-up period(t=-17.907,p<0.001).The elasticity of the Achilles appeared to continuously decreases during the postoperative follow-up period in all position sets(p<0.001).In thickening evaluation,the cross-sectional area of the thickest plane of Achilles was significantly higher at 1 year postoperatively(310.5±25.2)mm^(2)than that at 3 months postoperatively((278.0±26.2)mm^(2),t=-8.219,p<0.001)and became thinner in 2-year magnetic resonance scan((256.1±15.1)mm^(2),t=16.769,p<0.001).The correlations between Achilles thickening,elasticity,and functional outcome di

关键词： Achilles tendon rupture Thickening Elasticity Functional outcome

Mechanical and fatigue properties of SA508-Ⅳ steel used for nuclear reactor pressure vessels

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2022年第8期29卷 1312-1321页

作者： xin Dai yue-feng chen Peng Wang Li Zhang Bin Yang Lian-sheng chen Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China College of Metallurgy and Energy North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan 063210HebeiChina

The mechanical and fatigue properties of SA508-Ⅳ steel with martensite and granular bainite, respectively, were studied. The mechanical tests results showed that the ultimate tensile strength and impact toughness of the specimen with martensite were 830 MPa and 158 J, respectively, and those of the specimen with granular bainite were 811 MPa and 115 J, respectively. The former had higher tensile strength and impact toughness than the latter. The impact tests results showed that the former belonged to typical dimple fracture, while the latter belonged to brittle fracture. The fatigue tests results showed that the fatigue life of the specimen with martensite was 2717 cycles, and that of the specimen with granular bainite was 1545 cycles under the strain amplitude of ± 0.45%. The specimen with martensite had fewer crack initiation points, narrower fatigue striations separation, and larger volume fraction of high-angle grain boundaries than the latter. The fewer crack initiation points meant fewer fatigue cracks, the narrower fatigue striations separation meant slower crack propagation rate, and the larger volume fraction of high-angle grain boundaries could more effectively hinder fatigue crack propagation. Based on these facts, the fatigue life of the specimen with martensite was higher than that of the specimen with granular bainite.

关键词： Nuclear reactor pressure vessel SA508-Ⅳsteel Low cycle fatigue Crack initiation Crack propagation

UAV search-and-rescue planning using an adaptive memetic algorithm

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021年第11期22卷 1477-1491页

作者： Libin HONG yue WANG Yichen DU xin chen Yujun ZHENG School of Information Science and Technology Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou311121China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310023China

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) is becoming more commonplace in search-and-rescue tasks,but UAV search planning can be very complex due to limited response time, large search area, and multiple candidate search modes. In this paper, we present a UAV search planning problem where the search area is divided into a set of subareas and each subarea has a prior probability that the target is present in it. The problem aims to determine the search sequence of the subareas and the search mode for each subarea to maximize the probability of finding the target. We propose an adaptive memetic algorithm that combines a genetic algorithm with a set of local search procedures and dynamically determines which procedure to apply based on the past performance of the procedures measured in fitness improvement and diversity improvement during problem-solving. Computational experiments show that the proposed algorithm exhibits competitive performance compared to a set of state-of-the-art global search heuristics, non-adaptive memetic algorithms, and adaptive memetic algorithms on a wide set of problem instances.

关键词： Memetic algorithm Self-adaptive Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) Search-and-rescue

Long-term exposure to aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist neburon induces reproductive toxicity in male zebrafish(Danio rerio)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 193-203页

作者： Fucong Zhang chen Tang yue Zhu Qian Wang xin Huang Chunyan Yang chengyong He Zhenghong Zuo Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems School of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China

Neburon is a phenylurea herbicide that is widely used worldwide,but its toxicity is poorly studied.In our previous study,we found that neburon has strong aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)agonist activity,but whether it causes reproductive toxicity is not clear.In the present study,zebrafish were conducted as a model organism to evaluate whether environmental concentrations of neburon(0.1,1 and 10μg/L)induce reproductive disorder in males.After exposure to neburon for 150 days from embryo to adult,that the average spawning egg number in high concentration group was 106.40,which was significantly lower than 193.00in control group.This result was mainly due to the abnormal male reproductive behavior caused by abnormal transcription of genes associated with reproductive behavior in the brain,such as secretogranin-2a.The proportions of spermatozoa in the medium and high concentration groups were 82.40%and 83.84%,respectively,which were significantly lower than 89.45%in control group.This result was mainly caused by hormonal disturbances and an increased proportion of apoptotic cells.The hormonal disruption was due to the significant changes in the transcription levels of key genes in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis following neburon treatment.Neburon treatment also significantly activated the AhR signaling pathway,causing oxidative stress damage and eventually leading to a significant increase in apoptosis in the exposed group.Together,these data filled the currently more vacant profile of neburon toxicity and might provide information to assess the ecotoxicity of neburon on male reproduction at environmentally relevant concentrations.

关键词： Zebrafish Neburon Male reproductive toxicity HPG axis AhR agonist

Overcharge to Remove Cathode Passivation Layer for Reviving Failed Li–O_(2)Batteries

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CCS Chemistry 2023年第3期5卷 641-653页

作者： Kai chen Dong-yue Yang Jin Wang Gang Huang xin-Bo Zhang State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022 School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026

Prolonging the lifetime of batteries is a long-term pursuit,and it is also one of the prerequisites for the practical application of batteries.However,this endeavor is challenging for high-energy Li–O_(2)batteries due to their poor charge efficiency and cathode passivation-induced by-products accumulation.Here,we demonstrated that overcharging Li–O_(2)batteries could facilitate the decomposition of accumulated residue products and revive the cathode;thus,the battery lifespan could be significantly extended.This long battery lifetime not only made full use of the Li anode but also enabled the battery to recycle in a safer way without the risk of firing and explosion.Furthermore,overcharge could be used in Li–O_(2)batteries with high mass loading,high rate,and large capacity.This overcharge strategy simplified the cathode regenerating procedures and realized system-level efficient use of battery components,thereby prolonging the life of Li–O_(2)batteries to meet the requirements of practical applications.

关键词： overcharge Li-O_(2)battery battery life revive battery failure mechanism