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Bachelor groups in primate multilevel society facilitate gene flow across fragmented habitats

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Current Zoology 2020年第2期66卷 113-122页

作者： Yu-Li Li Lu Wang Jin-Wei Wu xin-ping ye Paul AG arber Ying Yan Jia-Hui Liu Bao-Guo Li Xiao-Guang Qi Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation College of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'an710069China College of Life Science Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China Anthropology Department University of IllinoisUrbanaIL61801USA Centerfor Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of ScienceKumming650223China

In the face of ongoing habitat fragmentation,many primate species have experienced reduced gene flow resulting in a reduction of genetic diversity,population bottlenecks,and inbreeding depression,including golden snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus roxellana.Golden snub-nosed monkeys live in a multilevel society composed of several 1 male harem units that aggregate to form a cohesive breeding band,which is followed by one or more bachelor groups composed of juvenile,subadult,and adult male members.In this research,we examine the continuous landscape resistance surface,the genetic diversity and patterns of gene flow among 4 isolated breeding bands and 1 all-male band in the Qinling Mountains,China.Landscape surface modeling suggested that human activities and ecological factors severely limit the movement of individuals among breeding bands.Although these conditions are expected to result in reduced gene flow,reduced genetic diversity,and an increased opportunity for a genetic bottleneck,based on population genetic analyses of 13 microsatellite loci from 188 individuals inhabiting 4 isolated breeding bands and 1 all-male band,we found high levels of genetic diversity but low levels of genetic divergence,as well as high rates of gene flow between males residing in the all-male band and each of the 4 breeding bands.Our results indicate that the movement of bachelor males across the landscape,along with their association with several different breeding bands,appears to provide a mechanism for promoting gene flows and maintaining genetic diversity that may counteract the otherwise isolating effects of habitat fragmentation.

关键词： gene flow male dispersal multilevel society Rhinopithecus roxellana social organization

Targeting tau in Alzheimer's disease:from mechanisms to clinical therapy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1489-1498页

作者： Jinwang ye Huali Wan Sihua Chen Gong-ping Liu Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology College of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Laboratory Medicine Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital(Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Co-innovation Center of Neurodegeneration Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Alzheimer’s disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease affecting older adults.Primary features of Alzheimer’s disease include extra cellular aggregation of amyloid-βplaques and the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles,fo rmed by tau protein,in the cells.While there are amyloid-β-ta rgeting therapies for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease,these therapies are costly and exhibit potential negative side effects.Mounting evidence suggests significant involvement of tau protein in Alzheimer’s disease-related neurodegeneration.As an important microtubule-associated protein,tau plays an important role in maintaining the stability of neuronal microtubules and promoting axonal growth.In fact,clinical studies have shown that abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein occurs before accumulation of amyloid-βin the brain.Various therapeutic strategies targeting tau protein have begun to emerge,and are considered possible methods to prevent and treat Alzheimer’s disease.Specifically,abnormalities in post-translational modifications of the tau protein,including aberrant phosphorylation,ubiquitination,small ubiquitin-like modifier(SUMO)ylation,acetylation,and truncation,contribute to its microtubule dissociation,misfolding,and subcellular missorting.This causes mitochondrial damage,synaptic impairments,gliosis,and neuroinflammation,eventually leading to neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits.This review summarizes the recent findings on the underlying mechanisms of tau protein in the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease and discusses tau-targeted treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

关键词： acetylation Alzheimer’s disease cognitive deficits gliosis mitochondria damage neuroinflammation phosphorylation synaptic impairments tau tau immunotherapy

SDGNN: Symmetry-Preserving Dual-Stream Graph Neural Networks

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第7期11卷 1717-1719页

作者： Jiufang Chen ye Yuan xin Luo the College of Computer Science and Technology Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065 the Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Computing Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China the College of Computer and Information Science Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China IEEE

Dear Editor,This letter proposes a symmetry-preserving dual-stream graph neural network(SDGNN) for precise representation learning to an undirected weighted graph(UWG). Although existing graph neural networks(GNNs) are influential instruments for representation learning to a UWG, they invariably adopt a unique node feature matrix for illustrating the sole node set of a UWG.

关键词： representation preserving undirected

Improving the value of molecular testing:current status and opportunities in colorectal cancer precision medicine

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第1期21卷 21-28页

作者： Haiyun Li Linwei Guo Chenchen Wang xin Hu ye Xu Department of Colorectal Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai 200032China Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai 200032China Precision Cancer Medical Center Affiliated with Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai 201315China

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide1.Surgical radical resection with adjuvant chemotherapy remains the primary treatment choice for CRC,but the 5-year postoperative survival rate is only approximately 60%,and approximately one-third of patients with CRC experience recurrence within 2 years of surgery2.Fortunately,the transformation of high-throughput sequencing has accelerated the development of precision medicine.For example,KRAS mutations indicate resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)-targeted therapies in CRC3.Furthermore,molecular-guided individualized therapy has brought new promise in major clinical areas and challenges,such as novel biomarkers predicting sensitivity and resistance to immunotherapy for microsatellite stable(MSS)CRC.

关键词： cancer chemotherapy colorectal

Alkaline sphingomyelinase deficiency impairs intestinal mucosal barrier integrity and reduces antioxidant capacity in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第10期30卷 1405-1419页

作者： ye Tian xin Li Xu Wang Si-Ting Pei Hong-xin Pan Yu-Qi Cheng Yi-Chen Li Wen-Ting Cao Jin-Dong Ding Petersen ping Zhang International School of Public Health and One Health Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 571199Hainan ProvinceChina Medical Laboratory Science and Technology College Harbin Medical University-Daqing CampusDaqing 163000Heilongjiang ProvinceChina Department of Laboratory Diagnosis Qiqihar Tuberculosis Control CenterQiqihar 161000Heilongjiang ProvinceChina Department of Public Health University of CopenhagenCopenhagen 1353Denmark Department of Public Health University of Southern DenmarkOdense 5000Denmark

BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon with an unknown etiology.Alkaline sphingomyelinase(alk-SMase)is specifically expressed by intestinal epithelial cells,and has been reported to play an anti-inflammatory role.However,the underlying mechanism is still unclear.AIM To explore the mechanism of alk-SMase anti-inflammatory effects on intestinal barrier function and oxidative stress in dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis.METHODS Mice were administered 3%DSS drinking water,and disease activity index was determined to evaluate the status of colitis.Intestinal permeability was evaluated by gavage administration of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran,and bacterial translocation was evaluated by measuring serum lipopolysaccharide.Intestinal epithelial cell ultrastructure was observed by electron microscopy.Western blotting and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the expression of intestinal barrier proteins and mRNA,respectively.Serum oxidant and antioxidant marker levels were analyzed using commercial kits to assess oxidative stress levels.RESULTS Compared to wild-type(WT)mice,inflammation and intestinal permeability in alk-SMase knockout(KO)mice were more severe beginning 4 d after DSS induction.The mRNA and protein levels of intestinal barrier proteins,including zonula occludens-1,occludin,claudin-3,claudin-5,claudin-8,mucin 2,and secretory immunoglobulin A,were significantly reduced on 4 d after DSS treatment.Ultrastructural observations revealed progressive damage to the tight junctions of intestinal epithelial cells.Furthermore,by day 4,mitochondria appeared swollen and degenerated.Additionally,compared to WT mice,serum malondialdehyde levels in KO mice were higher,and the antioxidant capacity was significantly lower.The expression of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)in the colonic mucosal tissue of KO mice was significantly decreased after DSS treatment.mRNA levels of Nrf2-re

关键词： Alkaline sphingomyelinase Intestinal mucosal barrier Antioxidant capacity Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2

The Extension Dimension of Subcategories and Recollements of Abelian Categories

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第4期40卷 1042-1058页

作者： xin MA ye Yang PENG Zhao Yong HUANG College of Science Henan University of EngineeringZhengzhou 451191P.R.China Department of Mathematics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093P.R.China

We investigate the behavior of the extension dimension of subcategories of abelian categories under recollements.LetΛ',Λ,Λ"be art in algebras such that(modΛ',mod A,modΛ")is a recollement,and let D'and D"be subcategories of modΛand modΛ"respectively.For any n,m≥0,under some conditions,we get dimΩ^(k)(D)≤dimΩ^(n)(D')+dimΩ^(m)(D")+1,where k=max{m,n}and D is the subcategory of modΛglued by D'and D";moreover,we give a sufficient condition such that the converse inequality holds true.As applications,some results for Igusa-Todorov subcategories and syzygy finite sub categories are obtained.

关键词： Recollements extension dimension Igusa–Todorov subcategories syzygy finite subcategories

Encouraging Solution to the Problem of Synthesizing Protein α-Thioester

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第10期42卷 1114-1120页

作者： xinliang Liu Zijun Gao Jie Zhao Farong ye ping Huang ping Wang Center for Chemical Glycobiology Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral DrugsFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringZhangjiang Institute for Advanced StudyShanghai JiaoTongUniversityShanghai 200240China Shenzhen Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University ShenzhenGuangdong 518057China

Expressed protein ligation(EPL)provides a powerful tool to access large-size proteins with precise structures.Existing methods for constructing the critical protein thioester for EPL have predominantly relied on the recombinant intein fusion expressed in Escherichia coli(E.coli).Despite its powerful applications,the expression of thioester derived from eukaryotic protein in E.coli inherently suffers from its limited solubility,the inactivity of intein,premature hydrolysis and low yields.To overcome these obstacles,we present herein the facile one-flask synthesis of inaccessible proteinα-thioester via a SUMO-protein-intein(SPI)sandwich model.The utility of SUMO enhances the protein fusion yield and solubility,prevents premature hydrolysis and simplifies the purification process.The inaccessible protein thioester with internal Cys residues can be readily produced and is compatible with the EPL-desulfurization protocol used to prepare complex proteins,which is otherwise difficult to obtain using traditional methods.Its utility has been highlighted through the synthesis of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF).

关键词： Desulfurization Glycoproteins Glycopeptides Protein expression Peptide thioester

Regulation of AMPK activation by extracellular matrix stiffness in pancreatic cancer

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 338-350页

作者： xin Xu Yuan Fang Somaira Nowsheen ye-Xiong Li Zhenkun Lou Min Deng State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China Department of General Surgery Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080China Department of General Surgery Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Department of Dermatology University of California San DiegoSan DiegoCA 92093USA Department of Oncology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905USA

The adenosine monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)sits at a cen-tral node in the regulation of energy metabolism and tumor progression.AMPK is best known to sense high cellular ADP or AMP levels,which indicate the depletion of energy stores.Previous studies have shown that the low expression of phosphorylated AMPK is associated with a poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer.In this study,we report that AMPK is also highly sensitive to extracellular matrix(ECM)stiffness.We found that AMPK is activated in cells when cultured under low ECM stiffness conditions and is functionally required for the metabolic switch induced by ECM stiffness.This regulation of AMPK requires the Hippo kinases but not LKB1/CaMKKp.Hippo kinases directly phosphorylate AMPKa at Thr172 to activate AMPK at low ECM stiffness.Furthermore,we found AMPK activity is inhibited in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)with high ECM stiffness and is associated with a poor survival outcome.The activation of Hippo kinases by ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 in combination with the mitochondrial inhibitor metformin synergistically activates AMPK and dramatically inhibits PDAC growth.Together,these findings establish a novel model for AMPK regulation by the mechanical properties of ECMs and provide a rationale for simultaneously targeting the ECM stiffness-Hippo kinases-AMPK signaling and low glucose-LKB1-AMPK signaling pathways as an effective therapeutic strategy against PDAC.

关键词： AMPKactivity Cellularmetabolic switch ECM stiffness Hippokinase signaling Pancreaticductal adenocarcinoma

Tensile strength behavior of cement-stabilized dredged sediment reinforced by polypropylene fiber

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 380-392页

作者： Lei LANG Jiangshan LI xin CHEN Lijun HAN ping WANG State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Contaminated Sludge and Soil Science and Engineering Wuhan 430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

This study evaluated the feasibility of using polypropylene fiber(PF)as reinforcement in improving tensile strength behavior of cement-stabilized dredged sediment(CDS).The effects of cement content,water content,PF content and length on the tensile strength and stress–strain behavioral evolutions were evaluated by conducting splitting tensile strength tests.Furthermore,the micro-mechanisms characterizing the tensile strength behavior inside PF-reinforced CDS(CPFDS)were clarified via analyzing macro failure and microstructure images.The results indicate that the highest tensile strengths of 7,28,60,and 90 d CPFDS were reached at PF contents of 0.6%,1.0%,1.0%,and 1.0%,exhibiting values 5.96%,65.16%,34.10%,and 35.83%higher than those of CDS,respectively.Short,3 mm,PF of showed the best reinforcement efficiency.The CPFDS exhibited obvious tensile strain-hardening characteristic,and also had better ductility than CDS.The mix factor(C_(C)^(a)/C_(w)^(b))and time parameter(q_(t0)(t))of CDS,and the reinforcement index(k_(t-PF))of CPFDS were used to establish the tensile strength prediction models of CDS and CPFDS,considering multiple factors.The PF“bridge effect”and associated cementation-reinforcement coupling actions inside CPFDS were mainly responsible for tensile strength behavior improvement.The key findings contribute to the use of CPFDS as recycled engineering soils.

关键词： dredged sediment chemical stabilization fiber reinforcement splitting tensile strength micro-mechanisms