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Utilization of human excrement in pre-modern China,its theoretical interpretations and ecological significance

Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第1期6卷 1-5页

作者： xin-hao du Yuan-Ming Song Ji-An Cai Yong-Guan Zhu Institute for the History of Natural Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science&Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Faculty of History Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Research Center for Eco Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

The use of human excrement as fertilizer is a characteristic of traditional Chinese agriculture..The application of excrement from urban residents in agriculture since the Song Dynasty has ensured the cleanliness and hygiene of *** early as the Ming Dynasty,the Chinese people defined the principle of fertilizing fields with human excrement from the perspective of *** concept Peri-URban ecosystems(PURE)provides inspiration forurban-rural symbiosis regarding *** use of human excrement in fertilization is a major attribute differentiating the Chinese traditional agriculture from the agriculture in other regions around the *** the fact that the exact record showing that human excrement was used as fertilizer in China emerged in the Western Han Dynasty(B.C.202-A.D.8),such records did not become prevalent until the Southern Song Dynasty(A.D.1127-1279).In the Ming and Qing eras(A.D.1368-1912),human excrement was even considered"top-class fertilizerand servedas themost essential fertilizerin farmland *** importance of human excrement in the Ming and Qing was mainly reflected by farmers'purchase of human excrement from urban *** fertilization practices became increasingly popular during the period,men of letters built a localized theoretical system centering on human *** the use of human excrement had both positive and negative impacts on public health and the ecological environment,the positive overshadowed the negativeas a ***,it is worth pondering on how the utilization of human excrement as an agricultural resource can be improved so that a material cycle system can be rebuilt to re-connect the urban and rural areas.

关键词： excrement fertilizer theorization urban and rural ecology public health

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Advances in Graphene‑Based Electrode for Triboelectric Nanogenerator

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 378-403页

作者： Bin Xie Yuanhui Guo Yun Chen hao Zhang Jiawei Xiao Maoxiang Hou Huilong Liu Li Ma xin Chen Chingping Wong State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006People’s Republic of China School of Electromechanical Engineering Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

With the continuous development of wearable electronics,wireless sensor networks and other micro-electronic devices,there is an increasingly urgent need for miniature,flexible and efficient nanopower generation *** nanogenerator(TENG)technology can convert small mechanical energy into electricity,which is expected to address this *** the core component of TENG,the choice of electrode materials significantly affects its *** metal electrode materials often suffer from problems such as durability,which limits the further application of ***,as a novel electrode material,shows excellent prospects for application in TENG owing to its unique structure and excellent electrical *** review systematically summarizes the recent research progress and application prospects of TENGs based on graphene *** precision processing methods of graphene electrodes are introduced,and the applications of graphene electrode-based TENGs in various scenarios as well as the enhancement of graphene electrodes for TENG performance are *** addition,the future development of graphene electrode-based TENGs is also prospectively discussed,aiming to promote the continuous advancement of graphene electrode-based TENGs.

关键词： Triboelectric nanogenerator Precision processing Graphene electrode Self-powered sensor

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浑河底栖动物种类调查及水质评价

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安徽农业科学 2017年第15期45卷 63-65页

作者：李欣彤郝博杜晶沈阳师范大学生命科学学院辽宁沈阳110034

[目的]调查浑河底栖动物种类,评价浑河的水体质量。[方法]2016年7月(丰水期)和10月(枯水期)对浑河水域8个采样点(实际为6个采样点)的底栖动物物种多样性进行了调查,以此推测该区域水体质量。[结果]经定性和定量分析发现,底栖动物3门5纲8... 详细信息

[目的]调查浑河底栖动物种类,评价浑河的水体质量。[方法]2016年7月(丰水期)和10月(枯水期)对浑河水域8个采样点(实际为6个采样点)的底栖动物物种多样性进行了调查,以此推测该区域水体质量。[结果]经定性和定量分析发现,底栖动物3门5纲8目10科32种,其中出现最多的类群是水生昆虫,占种类数量的68%,环节动物占13%,软体动物占16%,其他节肢动物占3%。浑河水域均受到不同程度污染,在丰水期时,东洲区水域污染严重,下游污染较轻;在枯水期时,中游和下游进行施工和蓄水等处理,改变了底栖动物的生存环境,造成其种类和数量不符合季节的改变。人为活动因素对部分河流附近环境的改变一定程度上影响了季节性的变化;枯水期整体水质稍好于丰水期。[结论]该研究为维持浑河生态健康提供了科学依据。

关键词：浑河底栖动物种类调查水质

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First principles study of hafnium intercalation between graphene and Ir(111)substrate

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第10期31卷 473-477页

作者： hao Peng xin Jin Yang Song Shixuan du Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics Beijing 100190China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China

The intercalation of heteroatoms between graphene and metal substrates is a promising method for integrating epitaxial graphene with functional *** elements and their oxides have been successfully intercalated into graphene/metal interfaces to form graphene-based heterostructures,showing potential applications in electronic *** we theoretically investigate the hafnium intercalation between graphene and Ir(111).It is found that the penetration barrier of Hf atom is significantly large due to its large atomic radius,which suggests that hafnium intercalation should be carried out with low deposition doses of Hf atoms and high annealing *** results show the different intercalation behaviors of a large-size atom and provide guidance for the integration of graphene and hafnium oxide in device applications.

关键词： first principles calculation intercalation graphene hafnium

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Plastome characteristics and species identification of Chinese medicinal wintergreens(Gaultheria,Ericaceae)

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Plant Diversity 2022年第6期44卷 519-529页

作者： Yan-Ling Xu hao-Hua Shen xin-Yu du Lu Lu School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnanChina

Wintergreen oil is a folk medicine widely used in foods,pesticides,cosmetics and *** China,nine out of 47 species within Gaultheria(Ericaceae)are traditionally used as Chinese medicinal wintergreens;however,phylogenetic approaches currently used to discriminating these species remain *** this study,we sequenced and characterized plastomes from nine Chinese wintergreen species and identified candidate DNA barcoding regions for *** Gaultheria plastome contained 110 unique genes(76 protein-coding,30 tRNA,and four rRNA genes).duplication of trnfM,rps14,and rpl23 genes were detected,while all plastomes lacked ycf1 and ycf2 *** plastomes shared substantially contracted SSC regions that contained only the ndhF ***,plastomes of Gaultheria leucocarpa *** contained an inversion in the LSC region and an IR expansion to cover the ndhF *** rearrangement events apparently occurred between the Gaultheria plastomes and those from several previously reported families in *** phylogenetic reconstruction using 42 plastomes revealed well-supported relationships within all nine Gaultheria ***,seven mutational hotspot regions were identified as potential DNA barcodes for Chinese medicinal *** study is the first to generate complete plastomes and describe the structural variations of the complicated genus *** addition,our findings provide important resources for identification of Chinese medicinal wintergreens.

关键词： DNA barcodes Gene duplication Plastome Repeat sequences Structural variation

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Elevational Variation in Reproductive Strategy of a Widespread Lizard:High-Elevation Females Lay Fewer but Larger Eggs

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Asian Herpetological Research 2022年第3期13卷 198-204页

作者： Gideon Gywa DEME xin hao Liang MA Baojun SUN Weiguo du Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China College of Forestry Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228HainanChina

Identifying how reproductive strategies such as the trade-off between clutch size versus egg mass vary with elevational gradients is essential for our understanding of life-history *** studied lacertid lizards(Eremias argus)in China,from six populations at different altitudes,to assess elevational variation in reproductive *** found significant between-population variation in maternal body size and clutch mass,but these variations were not explained by elevational ***,high-elevation females tended to produce smaller clutches of larger eggs compared with their low-elevation counterparts,demonstrating an elevational change in the trade-off between egg size and *** egg size-number trade-off is a reproductive strategy that may favor large offspring,better enabling them to survive severe and unpredictable environments found at high elevations.

关键词： between-population variation clutch size egg size elevational gradient Eremiasargus local adaptation reproductive output

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一种近红外光谱定量分析软件预测性能评价方法

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光谱学与光谱分析 2025年第1期45卷 213-221页

作者：李蓉郝璐袁洪福何桂梅邓天龙杜彪龚丽岳欣天津科技大学海洋与环境学院天津300457 天津市滨海新区环境创新研究院天津300457 中国环境科学研究院北京100012 北京易兴元石化技有限公司北京101300 中国石油大学(北京) 北京102249

常用的多元分析模型评价指标尚缺乏评价近红外分析软件多项重要预测性能指标的能力,成为近红外光谱仪预测性能以及实际近红外应用中模型适用性评价的痛点。为此,旨在发展一种近红外定量分析软件预测性能的评价方法。以近红外测定汽油烯... 详细信息

常用的多元分析模型评价指标尚缺乏评价近红外分析软件多项重要预测性能指标的能力,成为近红外光谱仪预测性能以及实际近红外应用中模型适用性评价的痛点。为此,旨在发展一种近红外定量分析软件预测性能的评价方法。以近红外测定汽油烯烃浓度为研究对象,收集了192个国Ⅵ汽油样品,包括92#、95#和98#;采集其近红外光谱;按照GB/T 30519-2014测定其烯烃浓度作为参考值,分别使用两种不同的多元分析软件(1种是偏最小二乘(PLS)建模软件,另1种是非PLS的软件),建立了两个校正模型。研究发现,与参考值相比,PLS模型对低浓度样品预测值呈正偏差,高浓度的呈负偏差,即“均值化”现象。常用的模型预测性能评价指标尚不能评价模型预测值的均值化程度,也不能评价:(1)预测值与参考值偏差大于参考方法再现性的样本占比,(2)模型泛化能力。本文针对上述问题,提出了4项新评价指标包括均值化指数(AE)、预测偏差超限值样本占比(Ratio)、异常样本预测偏差(DAS)和孤立样品预测偏差(DIS)。综合常用的评价指标和新评价指标(共12项),对仪器选型的近红外光谱定量分析软件预测性能的评价、实际近红外分析应用中模型适用性的评价均具有实际意义,对近红外分析学术研究也具参考意义。

关键词：近红外光谱多元分析模型评价近红外分析软件评价汽油烯烃浓度

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Phenotypic consequences of maternally selected nests:a cross-fostering experiment in a desert lizard

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第5期16卷 741-754页

作者： Shuran LI xin hao Baojun SUN Junhuai BI Yongpu ZHANG Weiguo du College of Life and Environmental Science Wenzhou UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina International Society of Zoological Sciences BeijingChina Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina College of Life Science Inner Mongolia Normal UniversityHohhotInner MongoliaChina Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina

Despite the importance of maternally selected nests in shaping offspring phenotypes,our understanding of how the nest environment affects embryonic development and offspring traits of most non-avian reptiles is rather limited largely due to the logistical difficulty in locating their *** identify the relative contributions of environmental(temporal[seasonal]and spatial[nest-site])and intrinsic(clutch)factors on embryonic development and offspring traits,we conducted a cross-fostering experiment by swapping eggs between maternally-selected nests of the toad-headed agama(Phrynocephalus przewalskii)in the *** found that nest environment explained a large proportion of variation in incubation duration,hatching success,and offspring size and *** contrast,clutch only explained a small proportion of variation in these embryonic and offspring *** significantly,compared with spatial effects,seasonal effects explained more phenotypic variation in both embryonic development and offspring *** laid early in the nesting season had longer incubation durations and produced smaller hatchlings with higher post-hatching growth rates than did later-laid ***,hatchlings from early-laid eggs reached larger body sizes prior to *** addition,we found that female toad-headed agama did not select nests specific to reaction norms of their own offspring because hatchlings from original or translocated nests had similar phenotypic ***,our study demonstrates the importance of seasonal variation in nest environments in determining embryonic development and offspring phenotypes,which has not been widely appreciated at least in non-avian reptiles.

关键词： embryonic development hatchling maternal effect nest selection nest temperature reptile

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Recent advances for the production of hydrocarbon biofuel via deoxygenation progress

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Science Bulletin 2015年第24期60卷 2096-2106页

作者： Dan Li Hui xin Xiangzhe du Xiaolei hao Qingxue Liu Changwei Hu Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University College of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University

The current world energy crisis and increasing environmental concerns over global climate change from combusting fossil fuel are driving researchers into a new route to produce fuels via sustainable resource to meet the demands of human. In recent years, deoxygenation as an alternative method has been applied in the production of hydrocarbon fuels, particularly via the deoxygenation of fatty acids and triglycerides from seed oils and fats, producing hydrocarbon fuels entirely fungible with fossil fuels. The deoxygenation of biobased feedstock to fuel-like hydrocarbons is critically reviewed in this article. The review mainly discusses the use of feedstock, innovation of catalysts, and the reaction mechanism involved in the production of hydrocarbon fuels via deoxygenation progress.

关键词： Deoxygenation Biobased feedstock -Hydrocarbon fuels Deoxygenation mechanism

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Fluidized roasting reduction kinetics of low-grade pyrolusite coupling with pretreatment of stone coal

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2013年第3期20卷 221-227页

作者： Ya-li Feng Zhen-lei Cai hao-ran Li Zhu-wei du xin-wei Liu School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences

Based on the fluidized roasting reduction technology of low-grade pyrolusite coupling with pretreatment of stone coal, the manganese reduction efficiency was investigated and technical conditions were optimized. It is found that the optimum manganese reduction efficiency can be up to 98.97% under the conditions that the mass ratio of stone coal to pyrolusite is 3：1, the roasting temperature of stone coal is 1000℃, the roasting temperature of pyrolusite is 800℃, and the roasting time is 2 h. Other low-grade pyrolusite ores in China from Guangxi, Hunan, and Guizhou Provinces were tested and all these minerals responded well, giving -99% manganese reduction efficiency. Meanwhile, the reduction kinetic model has been established. It is confirmed that the reduction process is controlled by the interface chemical reaction. The apparent activation energy is 36.397 kJ/mol.

关键词： pyrolusite ore roasting ore reduction fluidized beds kinetics stone coal

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