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Effects of Rong Shuan capsule, Xue Zhi Kang capsule, xin yuan capsule and Songling Xue Mai Kang capsule on the pharmacokinetics of clopidogrel active metabolite in rats

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017年第3期26卷 187-195页

作者：田溪袁叶苏子云李德强董维冲杨秀岭河北医科大学第二医院河北石家庄050000

In the present study, we aimed to examine the effects of Rong Shuan capsule, Xue Zhi Kang capsule, xin yuan capsule and Songling Xue Mai Kang capsule on the pharmacokinetics of clopidogrel active metabolite（CAM）. The traditional Chinese medicines（TCMs） Rong Shuan capsule, Xue Zhi Kang capsule, xin yuan capsule and Songling Xue Mai Kang capsule are widely used to treat cardiovascular disease in China. They are often prescribed in combination with clopidogrel, a common anti-platelet Western drug. We investigated the influence of the four TCMs on CAM pharmacokinetics following administration at human dose in rats. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined following oral（PO） administration of clopidogrel（7.5 mg/kg） with or without Rong Shuan capsule（75 mg/kg, PO）, Xue Zhi Kang capsule（60 mg/kg, PO）, xin yuan capsule（120 mg/kg, PO）, or Songling Xue Mai Kang capsule（150 mg/kg, PO）. Compared with the animals in the control group, Xue Zhi Kang capsule significantly decreased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve（AUC_（0-t）） of the CAM derivative by 25.4%. However, the t1/2 and Vz/F of CAM derivative were significantly increased by 43.6% and 70.7%, respectively. It was also observed that the pharmacokinetic parameters were altered in groups pretreated with Rong shuan capsule, xin yuan capsule or Songling Xue mai kang capsule compared with the control group, but not significant. This study indicated that Xue Zhi Kang capsule had an effect on the formation and metabolism of CAM. Therefore, in the beginning of co-administration of Xue Zhi Kang capsule and clopidogrel, the anti-platelet efficacy might be compromised because of the decreased formation of CAM. Otherwise, long-time co-administration might lead to side effects by the prolongation of the t1/2 and Vz/F increase of CAM.

关键词： TCMs Clopidogrel Active metabolite Pharmacokinetics Herb-drug interaction

Longquan Celadon Displayed in Capital Museum

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China & The World Cultural Exchange 2012年第3期78卷 12-15页

作者： xin yuan 不详

The Exhibition on Longquan Celadon was held in the Capital Museum in Beijing during the Chinese New Year. The 85 celadon masterpieces produced in Longquan offered viewers an opportunity to learn more about the history... 详细信息

关键词：龙泉青瓷首都博物馆显示照片资本中国窑

Turbine Endwall Film Cooling With Combustor-Turbine Interface Gap Leak- age Flow: Effect of Incidence Angle

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Journal of Thermal Science 2013年第2期22卷 135-144页

作者： ZHANG Yang yuan xin Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University

This paper is focused on the film cooling performance of combustor-turbine leakage flow at off-design condition. The influence of incidence angle on film cooling effectiveness on first-stage vane endwall with combustor-turbine interface slot is studied. A baseline slot configuration is tested in a low speed four-blade cascade comprising a large-scale model of the GE-E 3 Nozzle Guide Vane (NGV). The slot has a forward expansion angle of 30 deg. to the endwall surface. The Reynolds number based on the axial chord and inlet velocity of the free-stream flow is 3.5 × 10 5 and the testing is done in a four-blade cascade with low Mach number condition (0.1 at the inlet). The blowing ratio of the coolant through the interface gap varies from M = 0.1 to M = 0.3, while the blowing ratio varies from M = 0.7 to M = 1.3 for the endwall film cooling holes. The film-cooling effectiveness distributions are obtained using the pressure sensitive paint (PSP) technique. The results show that with an increasing blowing ratio the film-cooling effectiveness increases on the endwall. As the incidence angle varies from i = +10 deg. to i = 10 deg., at low blowing ratio, the averaged film-cooling effectiveness changes slightly near the leading edge suction side area. The case of i = +10 deg. has better film-cooling performance at the downstream part of this region where the axial chord is between 0.15 and 0.25. However, the disadvantage of positive incidence appears when the blowing ratio increases, especially at the upstream part of near suction side region where the axial chord is between 0 and 0.15. On the main passage endwall surface, as the incidence angle changes from i = +10 deg. to i = 10 deg., the averaged film-cooling effectiveness changes slightly and the negative incidence appears to be more effective for the downstream part film cooling of the endwall surface where the axial chord is between 0.6 and 0.8.

关键词： Film Cooling Endwall Pressure Sensitive Paint Leakage Flow

Competition of Composition Fluctuation Modes in Weakly Segregated Salt-doped Symmetric Diblock Copolymers

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第9期42卷 1375-1385,I0008页

作者： yuan-xin Zhou Xian Kong South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Emergent Soft MatterSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China

Salt-doped block copolymers have widespread applications in batteries,fuel cells,semiconductors,and various industries,where their properties crucially depend on phase separation ***,investigations into salt-doped diblock copolymers have predominantly focused on microphase separation,overlooking the segregation between ionic and polymeric *** study employs weak segregation theory to explore the interplay between phase separation dominated by the polymer-modulated mode and the salt-out-modulated mode,corresponding to microscopic and macroscopic phase separations,*** comparing diblock copolymers doped with salts to those doped with neutral solvents,we elucidate the significant role of charged species in modulating phase *** phase separation mode exhibits a transition between the polymer-modulated and salt-out-modulated modes at different *** systems doped with neutral solvents,this transition is stepwise,while in salt-ion-doped systems,it is *** a sufficiently large Flory-Huggins parameter between ions and polymers,the salt-out-modulated mode becomes dominant,promoting macrophase *** to the solvation effect of salt ions,salt-doped systems are more inclined to undergo microphase ***,we explore factors influencing the critical wavenumber of phase separation,including doping level and the Flory-Huggins parameters between two blocks and between ions and polymeric *** findings reveal that in a neutral solvent environment,these factors alter only the boundary between micro-and macro-phase separations,leaving the critical wavenumber unchanged in microphase separation ***,in a salt-doped environment,the critical wavenumber of microphase separation varies with these *** provides valuable insights into the pivotal role of electrostatics in the phase separation of salt-doped block copolymers.

关键词： Block copolymer Phase separation Field theory Salt-doped

Assessment of the Turbulence Characteristics of Shaped Film Cooling Hole with Scale Resolving Simulation

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第1期31卷 47-61页

作者： WANG Qingsong SU xinrong yuan xin Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Energy and Power EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The turbulence characteristics of the shaped hole film cooling are very *** this study,Large Eddy Simulation(LES)and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)are used to study the film cooling of the shaped *** time-averaged results are compared with the experimental data in the *** of the eddy-viscosity model,the RANS method roughly deals with the simulation of boundary layer,which leads to a large *** RANS results are compared with the LES results to identify the weaknesses of the Realizable k-e model in predicting the turbulence characteristics of the shaped hole film *** eddy viscosity hypothesis and the temperature gradient diffusion hypothesis are evaluated using LES ***,the turbulence characteristics of the in-hole flow are analysed with the help of the incremental Proper Orthogonal Decomposition(iPOD).The turbulence presents strong anisotropy and some convection structures are induced from the shear zone.

关键词： shaped film cooling turbulence characteristics les rans iPOD

An Off-Design Flow Angle Model Based on Average-Flow Theory and Wake Analysis

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Journal of Thermal Science 2023年第2期32卷 729-738页

作者： MAO Yinbo SU xinrong yuan xin Department of Energy and Power Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

This paper presents a novel model for flow angles at off-design *** model is based on energy conservation in *** the mean of average process,statistical properties of the wake profile are related to the flow angle and mainstream parameters;then by adopting the classic flow topology of behind-blade wakes,the effect of operating conditions is included in the plot and a model for flow angle is thus *** advantage of the model is that it can achieve off-design flow angle estimations with design flow characteristics and it is compatible with CFD-based throughflow *** model is then implemented into a standard CFD-based throughflow solver from the previous research to estimate off-design characteristics of blade rows with proper input-output ***,the effect of loss upon flow angle is also modeled as corrections to the proposed *** model is validated on a compressor stage and the results show promising accuracy for off-design flow angle estimations.

关键词： flow angle wake analysis throughflow aerodynamics

Event-triggered receding horizon control via actor-critic design

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2020年第5期63卷 131-145页

作者： Lu DONG xin yuan Changyin SUN School of Automation Southeast University College of Electronics and Information Engineering Tongji University Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of Engineering Ministry of EducationSoutheast University

In this paper, we propose a novel event-triggered near-optimal control for nonlinear continuoustime systems. The receding horizon principle is utilized to improve the system robustness and obtain better dynamic control performance. In the proposed structure, we first decompose the infinite horizon optimal control into a series of finite horizon optimal problems. Then a learning strategy is adopted, in which an actor network is employed to approximate the cost function and an critic network is used to learn the optimal control law in each finite horizon. Furthermore, in order to reduce the computational cost and transmission cost, an event-triggered strategy is applied. We design an adaptive trigger condition, so that the signal transmissions and controller updates are conducted in an aperiodic way. Detailed stability analysis shows that the nonlinear system with the developed event-triggered optimal control policy is asymptotically *** results on a single-link robot arm with different noise types have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： event-triggered control receding horizon control actor-critic design optimal control nonlinear systems neural networks

Cooling Performance of the Endwall Vertical Hole Considering the Interaction between Cooling Jet and Leading-Edge Horseshoe Vortex

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第5期31卷 1696-1708页

作者： CHEN Ziyu SU xinrong yuan xin Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Interaction between the coolant and the secondary flow plays an important role in endwall cooling *** the leading-edge region,oncoming main flow inside the boundary layer impinges onto the vane leading edge and turns into the horseshoe *** vortex entrains coolant off the surface,thus posing severe challenges to the cooling design *** on analyses on the leading-edge vortex formation mechanism,a new kind of endwall film cooling design,vertical hole upstream of the saddle point,is proposed to obtain more uniform film coverage over the vane/endwall junction *** injected from the vertical hole can pass over the horseshoe vortex and impinge around the stagnation line on the vane leading *** film coverage can be obtained around the vane leading edge where coolant clings to the endwall surface due to the span-wise pressure gradient of the stagnation *** simulations are conducted about the cooling performance of two main kinds of both isotropic and anisotropic hole geometries for the endwall and vane *** come that the anisotropic hole shows significant advantages over the isotropic one because it suppresses the symmetrical kidney vortices thus weakening the mixture with high-temperature *** ratio(M)effect is analyzed and conclusions are drawn that the cooling performance of the endwall around the leading edge is sensitive to M and adiabatic film cooling effectiveness peaks at about M=*** cooling performance over the vane corner region can be obtained when M gets even higher while the effective film coverage area *** from that,the phenomenon of phantom cooling on the upper triangular region of the suction surface can be observed when coolant on the endwall is entrained by the vortex formed at the corner of the leading edge.

关键词： film cooling leading edge secondary flow horseshoe vortex

Adjoint boundary sensitivity method to assess the effect of nonuniform boundary conditions

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2022年第2期35卷 12-16页

作者： xinrong SU xin yuan Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The performance of turbomachinery is largely affected by the nonuniform boundary conditions caused by the coupling between neighboring parts,such as the inlet distortion and hot *** works study this problem by comparing the flow fields with uniform and nonuniform boundary conditions,which is cost *** this work a new and efficient method is developed by computing the sensitivities of arbitrary performance metric relative to the boundary conditions and this method quantitatively describes how the disturbance on the boundary surface affects the *** adjoint method popular in the design optimization is extended to current field for the efficient computation of the *** extra cost is independent of the number of parameters describing the nonuniform *** of the adjoint boundary sensitivity is validated against analytical results for a converging–diverging nozzle *** applications in a representative case are detailed and discussed in this *** method provides a new tool,also direct guides to minimize the negative effect and improve the performance utilizing the adjoint boundary sensitivity.

关键词： Adjoint method Coupling Nonuniform boundary condition Sensitivity Turbomachinery