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Enhancing the Efficacy of Anti-tumor Immunotherapy by Targeting Tcell Metabolism

Journal of Nutritional Oncology 2019年第2期4卷 67-73页

作者： xin pei ji Qiu Yan Liu National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 China School of Ophthalmology & Optometry Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China

Tumor immunotherapy has become the fourth major type of cancer therapy, being used alone or in combination with surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy. In recent years, immunotherapies, especially immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy and chimeric antigen receptor T-Cell (CAR-T), have achieved surprising curative effects in both preclinical studies and clinical practice. However, with the expansion of clinical cases and tumor types treated, the limitations of immunotherapy have gradually emerged. For example, the clinical positive response rate of ICB therapy is only 20%-30%, and is ineffective against or may even promote the progression and metastasis of certain types of tumors. CAR-T cells therapy is very effective against hematological tumors, but its application for treating solid tumors has encountered a bottleneck. Therefore, combination therapeutic strategies have emerged to overcome the drawbacks associated with the different treatments. At present, research on immunotherapy combined with radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy is booming. Investigations about the metabolism of tumors and immune cells have become one of the hotspots in recent years. Regulating the metabolism of effector T cells in the tumor microenvironment represents an effective way to improve immunotherapy, resulting in the restoration or enhancement of the ability of effector T cells to produce an anti-tumor immune response. In this review, we discuss recent progress in this field, with an emphasis on the metabolic characteristics of tumor and immune cells, especially T cells in the tumor microenvironment. We also provide a snapshot of how T cell metabolic reprogramming can be regulated to restore or enhance the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy, as well as the challenges and solutions associated with this metabolic reprogramming.

关键词： Tumor Metabolism Immunotherapy ICB CAR-T

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Long-term Evolution of Solar Activity and Prediction of the Following Solar Cycles

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第3期24卷 194-204页

作者： pei-xin Luo Bao-Lin Tan National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Solar activities have a great impact on modern high-tech systems,such as human aerospace activities,satellite communication and navigation,deep space exploration,and related scientific ***,studying the long-term evolution trend of solar activity and accurately predicting the future solar cycles are highly *** on the wavelet transform and empirical function fitting of the longest recorded data of the annual average relative sunspot number(ASN)series of 323 yr to date,this work decisively verifies the existence of the solar century cycles and confirms that its length is about 104.0 yr,and the magnitude has a slightly increasing trend on the timescale of several hundred *** on this long-term evolutionary trend,we predict solar cycles 25 and26 by using phase similar prediction *** for solar cycle 25,its maximum ASN will be about146.7±33.40,obviously stronger than solar cycle *** peak year will occur approximately in 2024,and the period will be about 11±1 *** for solar cycle 26,it will start around 2030,and reach its maximum between2035 and 2036,with maximum ASN of about 133.0±3.200,and period of about 10 yr.

关键词： Sun activity-Sun evolution-(Sun) sunspots-methods data analysis

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Bose–Einstein distribution temperature features of quasiparticles around magnetopolaron in Gaussian quantum wells of alkali halogen ions

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第9期33卷 521-526页

作者： xin Zhang Sarengaowa Shuang Han Ran An xin-Xue Zhang xin-Ying ji Hong-Xu jiang xin-Jun Ma pei-Fang Li Yong Sun College of Physics and Electronic Information Inner Mongolia Minzu UniversityTongliao028000China Institute of Condensed Matter Physics Inner Mongolia Minzu UniversityTongliao 028000China

We have applied strong coupling unitary transformation method combined with Bose–Einstein statistical law to investigate magnetopolaron energy level temperature effects in halogen ion crystal quantum *** obtained results showed that under magnetic field effect,magnetopolaron quasiparticle was formed through the interaction of electrons and surrounding *** the same time,magnetopolaron was influenced by phonon temperature statistical law and important energy level shifts down and binding energy *** revealed that lattice temperature and magnetic field could easily affect magnetopolaron and the above results could play key roles in exploring thermoelectric conversion and conductivity of crystal materials.

关键词： temperature effect quantum well asymmetric Gaussian potential magnetopolaron

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Polarization engineering in porous organic polymers for charge separation efficiency and its applications in photocatalytic aerobic oxidations

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第3期67卷 1000-1007页

作者： Kun Wu pei-Wen Cheng xin-Yi Liu ji Zheng Xiao-Wei Zhu Mo Xie Puxin Weng Weigang Lu Dan Li College of Chemistry and Materials Science Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and ApplicationsJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Guangdong Rare Earth Photofunctional Materials Engineering Technology Research Center School of Chemistry and EnvironmentJiaying UniversityMeizhou 514015China

Photocatalytic aerobic oxidation reactions are largely governed by the efficiency of charge separation and subsequent reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation. Herein, we report a polarization engineering strategy to promote the charge separation and ROS generation efficiency by substituting the benzene unit with furan/thiophene in porous organic polymers(POPs). Benefiting from the extent of local polarization, the thiophene-containing POP(JNU-218) exhibits the best photocatalytic performance in aerobic oxidation reactions, with a yield much higher than those for the furan-containing POP(JNU-217) and the benzenecontaining POP(JNU-216). Experimental studies and theoretical calculations reveal that the increase of local polarization can indeed reduce the exciton binding energy, and therefore facilitate the separation of electron-hole pairs. This work demonstrates a viable strategy to tune charge separation and ROS generation efficiency by modulating the dipole moments of the building blocks in porous polymeric organic semiconductors.

关键词： porous organic polymer local polarization photocatalytic aerobic oxidation charge separation reactive oxygen species exciton binding energy

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Spacelike Framed Curves with Lightlike Components and Singularities of Their Evolutes and Focal Surfaces in Minkowski 3-space

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第6期40卷 1521-1532页

作者： Peng Cheng LI Dong He pei xin ZHAO School of Mathematics and Statistics Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024P.R.China Department of Mathematics Harbin Institute of TechnologyWeihai 264209P.R.China School of Mathematics and Statistics Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071P.R.China

In this paper,we define the evolute and focal surface of a spacelike framed curve with lightlike components in Minkowski *** is a generalization of the previous results of regular spacelike curves,since singularities are allowed in the original spacelike curves studied by spacelike framed curves with lightlike ***,we show a new geometric invariant to characterise singularities of the focal ***,the classification theorem and recognition theorem for the singularities of the focal surface in generic are also given.

关键词： Evolutes focal surfaces spacelike framed curves singularities

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A molecular insight into coke formation process of vacuum residue in thermal cracking reaction

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 2130-2138页

作者： ji-Guang Li xin Guo Huan-Di Hou Heavy Oil Processing Department Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co.LtdBeijing100083China

Understanding the coking behaviors has been considered to be really essential for developing better vacuum residue processing technologies.A battery of thermal cracking tests of typical vacuum residue at 410℃ with various reaction time were performed to evaluate the coke formation *** total yields of ideal components including naphtha,atmospheric gas oil(AGO)and vacuum gas oil(VGO)of thermal cracking reactions increased from 10.89%to 40.81%,and the conversion ratios increased from8.05%to 43.33%with increasing the reaction time from 10 to 70 *** asphaltene content increased from 12.14%to a maximum of 22.39%and then decreased,and this maximum of asphaltene content occurred at the end of the coking induction *** asphaltenes during the coking induction period,at the end and after coking induction period of those tested thermal cracking reactions were characterized to disclose the structure changing rules for coke formation process,and the coke formation pathways were discussed to reveal the coke formation process at molecular level.

关键词： Vacuum residue Thermal cracking Asphaltene Coking induction period Sulfur Nitrogen

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Experimental and numerical investigation of two blended blade and endwall configurations

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CHINESE JOURNAL OF AERONAUTICS 2024年第9期37卷 150-163页

作者： Meng, Tongtong Li, xin Zhou, Ling ji, Lucheng Tsinghua Univ Inst Aero Engine Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Beijing Inst Technol Sch Aerosp Engn Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

The Blended Blade and Endwall (BBEW) technique has proven to be effective in controlling the intersection of boundary layer in corner region of the compressor endwall. In this study, the experiment and analysis of two different BBEW designs are emphasized. First, based on a linear cascade with 0.7 Mach number inflow, two different configurations, BBEW 1 and BBEW 2, are well conducted. Then, according to the experimental result, control effects of these two BBEW configurations are validated and compared subsequently under various working conditions. The results demonstrate a reduction in total pressure loss of 12.8% and 29% at the design point for BBEW 1 and BBEW 2, respectively. Consequently, the BBEW technique proves effective in suppressing the development of the boundary layer and preventing corner separation. Followed by detailed numerical analysis, improvements around the corner region, especially for the boundary layer, are extracted to show the mechanisms and distinctions between the two configurations. The results indicate that BBEW 1 significantly restrains the development of boundary layer before separation occurs, while BBEW 2 directly controls the strength and scale of the corner separation. (c) 2024 Production and hosting by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics.

关键词： Aerodynamic Computational fluid dynamic Experiment Corner separation Blended Blade and Endwall (BBEW) COMPRESSOR DESIGN SUCTION FLOW

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Threshold Selection and Resource Allocation for Quantized Identification

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第1期37卷 204-229页

作者： WANG Ying LI xin ZHAO Yanlong ZHANG ji-Feng Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Institute of Systems ScienceAcademy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mathematical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

This paper is concerned with the optimal threshold selection and resource allocation problems of quantized identification, whose aims are improving identification efficiency under limited resources. Firstly, the first-order asymptotically optimal quantized identification theory is extended to the weak persistent excitation condition. Secondly, the characteristics of time and space complexities are established based on the Cramér-Rao lower bound of quantized systems. On these basis, the optimal selection methods of fixed thresholds and adaptive thresholds are established under aperiodic signals, which answer how to achieve the best efficiency of quantized identification under the same time and space complexity. In addition, based on the principle of maximizing the identification efficiency under a given resource, the optimal resource allocation methods of quantized identification are given for the cases of fixed thresholds and adaptive thresholds, respectively, which show how to balance time and space complexity to realize the best identification efficiency of quantized identification.

关键词： Quantized output resource allocation system identification threshold selection.

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Salinity Acclimation Induces Reduced Energy Metabolism,Osmotic Pressure Regulation and Transcriptional Reprogramming in Hypotrichida Ciliate Gastrostyla setifera

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第2期23卷 539-549页

作者： ji xin BI Luping ZOU Songbao LI Wenlu ji Daode ZHANG Qianqian School of Ocean Yantai UniversityYantai 264005China Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesYantai 264003China Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries Huzhou 313001China Muping Coastal Environment Research Station Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesYantai 264117China

Coastal and estuarine protists are frequently exposed to salinity *** the tolerance and stress responses of microalgae to salinity have been extensively studied,there have been scarce studies on the physiological response of heterotrophic protists to salinity *** this study,we investigated the physiological response of the heterotrophic ciliate Gastrostyla setifera to a salinity of 3,via a transcriptomic *** first transcriptome of genus Gastrostyla was obtained utilizing a group of manually isolated ciliate individuals(cells)and RNA-seq *** completeness of the transcriptome was *** expressed gene(DEG)analysis was performed among the transcriptomes of *** acclimated in saline water(salinity 3)and those cultured in fresh *** results demonstrated a significant alternation in gene transcription,in which the ciliate exhibits a transcripttomic acclimation in responding salinity *** up-regulated DEGs were enriched in the pathways of cytoskeleton proteins,membrane trafficking,protein kinases and protein *** may represent enhanced functions of ion transport,stress response and cell *** involved in energy metabolism and biosynthesis were markedly down-regulated,reflecting decreased cell ***,we detected significantly down-regulated genes involved in several pathways of amino acid catabolism,which may lead to accumulation of amino acids in the ciliate *** acid could act as compatible solutes in the cytoplasm to maintain the osmotic balance in saline ***,this work is an initial exploration to the molecular basis of the heterotrophic protist responding to salinity *** result sheds light on the mechanisms of enhancement of cell protection,reduction of cell activity,and osmotic pressure regulation in ciliates acclimated to salinity.

关键词： salinity stress heterotrophic protist ciliate Gastrostyla setifera transcriptome differentially expressed gene

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Kaempferol ameliorated levodopa-induced dyskinesia in experimental rats: A role of brain monoamines, cFOS, FosB, Parkin, Pdyn, TH, and p-JNK

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BIOCELL 2024年第3期48卷 513-523页

作者： pei QIN MIAO LIU xin WANG jiANHUA MA Geriatrics Department Chengde Central HospitalChengde067000China

Background:L-dopa(Levodopa)is well known for managing PD(Parkinson’s disease);however,its prolonged use caused dyskinesia(LID).Due to the varied presentation of LID,effective treatment options are *** reported their neuroprotective activity by ameliorating acetylcholinesterase,monoamine oxidase,and neuroinﬂ*** is anotherﬂavonoid bearing these ***:To evaluate neuroprotective activity of kaempferol in dyskinetic ***:PD was developed in Sprague-Dawley rats by injecting combination of L-ascorbic acid(10µL)+6-OHDA(12µg)in medial forebrain bundle to induce neuronal damage in substantial nigra(SNr).LID was induced by administrating combination of L-dopa(20 mg/kg)+benserazide HCl(5 mg/kg)for 42 *** were concomitantly treated with amantadine(40 mg/kg)or kaempferol(25,50,and 100 mg/kg,p.o.).Results:Kaempferol(50 and 100 mg/kg)markedly(p<0.05)inhibited LID-induced abnormal involuntary movements(AIMs)and alternation in motor *** administration considerably(p<0.05)inhibited reduced mitochondrial complex activities,serotonin and dopamine levels,Bcl-2,and Tyrosine hydroxylase protein expressions in ***,kaempferol considerably(p<0.05)attenuated increased cFOS,FosB,Parkin,and Pdyn mRNAs expressions,Bax,cleaved caspase-3,caspase-3,and pJNK proteins levels;DOPAC and 5-HIAA levels in SNr.A positive correlation was reported between cFOS,FosB,Parkin,Pdyn,apoptosis,and TH with ***:Kaempferol effectively attenuated L-dopa-induced AIMs and dyskinesia via amelioration of alterations in cFOS,FosB,Parkin,Pdyn,Tyrosine hydroxylase,and apoptosis in the brain SNr.

关键词： AIMs cFOS Kaempferol Levodopa-induced dyskinesia Pdyn

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