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Broad strategies for neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses with monoclonal antibodies

Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第4期66卷 658-678页

作者： Zhiyang Ling Chunyan Yi Xiaoyu Sun Zhuo Yang Bing sun State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China

Antibody therapeutics and vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)have been approved in many countries,with most being developed based on the original strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).SARS-CoV-2 has an exceptional ability to mutate under the pressure of host immunity,especially the immune-dominant spike protein of the virus,which is the target of both antibody drugs and vaccines.Given the continuous evolution of the virus and the identification of critical mutation sites,the World Health Organization(WHO)has named 5 variants of concern(VOCs):4 are previously circulating VOCs,and 1 is currently circulating(Omicron).Due to multiple mutations in the spike protein,the recently emerged Omicron and descendent lineages have been shown to have the strongest ability to evade the neutralizing antibody(NAb)effects of current antibody drugs and vaccines.The development and characterization of broadly neutralizing antibodies(bNAbs)will provide broad strategies for the control of the sophisticated virus SARS-CoV-2.In this review,we describe how the virus evolves to escape NAbs and the potential neutralization mechanisms that associated with bNAbs.We also summarize progress in the development of bNAbs against SARS-CoV-2,human coronaviruses(CoVs)and other emerging pathogens and highlight their scientific and clinical significance.

关键词： antibody therapy broad neutralizing antibody human coronaviruses SARS-CoV-2

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Jigsaw puzzle of SARS-CoV-2 RBD evolution and immune escape

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第7期19卷 848-851页

作者： Chunyan Yi Xiaoyu Sun Zhiyang Ling Bing sun State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University100 Haike RoadShanghai 201210China

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),which causes coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),has posed a tremendous threat to global health,resulting in over 510 million infections and at least 6.23 million deaths worldwide as of early May 2022.Extensive efforts to fight against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have accelerated the research and clinical development of various vaccines and neutralizing antibodies(NAbs)[1,2].However,SARS-CoV-2 has an exceptional ability to mutate and evade the human immune system,which highlights the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 evolution to anticipate and facilitate a timely response to new variants that could impact viral transmissibility and the efficacy of vaccines and antibody therapies[3].

关键词： acute respiratory evolution

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Incidence of thymic malignancies in China:A longitudinal study based on a national commercial claims database from 2007 to 2016

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Chinese Medical Journal 2023年第1期136卷 105-107页

作者： Xiaoyu Sun Mai Wang Xiao Li Fan Yang Luxia Zhang National Institute of Health Data Science Peking UniversityBeijing 100191China Advanced Institute of Information Technology Peking UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 311200China Department of Thoracic Surgery Peking University People’s HospitalBeijing 100044China Renal Division Department of MedicinePeking University First HospitalBeijing 100034China

To the Editor:Thymic malignancies refer to a group of malignant tumors that originated from the thymic gland,including thymoma,thymic carcinoma,thymic carcinoid,andmalignancies from other uncommon histological origins... 详细信息

关键词： malignancies diseases Incidence

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Development and validation of an emergency bloodstream infection score for predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with community-acquired bloodstream infections

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2023年第4期14卷 280-286页

作者： Xinlei Wang Yao sun xiaoyu Ni Shu Zhang Department of Emergency West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041Chiha

BACKGROUND:Community-acquired bloodstream infections(CABSIs)are common in the emergency departments,and some progress to sepsis and even lead to death.However,limited information is available regarding the prediction of patients with high risk of death.METHODS:The Emergency Bloodstream Infection Score(EBS)for CABSIs was developed to visualize the output of a logistic regression model and was validated by the area under the curve(AUC).The Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis(MEDS),Pitt Bacteremia Score(PBS),Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA),quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(qSOFA),Charlson Comorbidity Index(CCI),and McCabe–Jackson Comorbid Classification(MJCC)for patients with CABSIs were computed to compare them with EBS in terms of the AUC and decision curve analysis(DCA).The net reclassification improvement(NRI)index and integrated discrimination improvement(IDI)index were compared between the SOFA and EBS.RESULTS:A total of 547 patients with CABSIs were included.The AUC(0.853)of the EBS was larger than those of the MEDS,PBS,SOFA,and qSOFA(all P<0.001).The NRI index of EBS in predicting the in-hospital mortality of CABSIs patients was 0.368(P=0.04),and the IDI index was 0.079(P=0.03).DCA showed that when the threshold probability was<0.1,the net benefit of the EBS model was higher than those of the other models.CONCLUSION:The EBS prognostic models were better than the SOFA,qSOFA,MEDS,and PBS models in predicting the in-hospital mortality of patients with CABSIs.

关键词： Community-acquired bloodstream infection Risk factors In-hospital mortality Emergency department

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Dynamic event-triggered formation control of second-order nonholonomic systems

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2023年第2期34卷 501-514页

作者： WANG xiaoyu sun Sijia XIAO Feng YU Mei School of Control and Computer Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

In this paper,the formation control problem of secondorder nonholonomic mobile robot systems is investigated in a dynamic event-triggered scheme.Event-triggered control protocols combined with persistent excitation(PE)conditions are presented.In event-detecting processes,an inactive time is introduced after each sampling instant,which can ensure a positive minimum sampling interval.To increase the flexibility of the event-triggered scheme,internal dynamic variables are included in event-triggering conditions.Moreover,the dynamic event-triggered scheme plays an important role in increasing the lengths of time intervals between any two consecutive events.In addition,event-triggered control protocols without forward and angular velocities are also presented based on approximate-differentiation(low-pass)filters.The asymptotic convergence results are given based on a nested Matrosov theorem and artificial sampling methods.

关键词： nonholonomic system dynamic event-triggered control consensus-based formation

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Comparison of the osteogenic capability of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells on collagen,collagen/hydroxyapatite,hydroxyapatite and biphasic calcium phosphate

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2018年第2期5卷 93-103页

作者： Xiaoyu Sun Wen Su Xiaomin Ma Huaiying Zhang Zhe sun Xudong Li National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064P.R.China

Collagen(COL),collagen/hydroxyapatite(COL/HA),HA and biphasic calcium phosphate were prepared as representative bone grafting materials with composition analogous to bone,and their structural characteristics were analyzed.The rat bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)were further seeded onto four groups of materials,and BMSCs grown in basic medium and standard osteogenic medium were set as controls of a reference model to show the basic and osteogenic behavior of cells without the intervention of materials.Cellular behaviors were characterized,including proliferation,spreading morphology and expression of osteogenesis factors.The rat BMSCs proliferated properly with time on four groups of materials as well on two groups of controls,and typical cuboidal,polygonal and extremely-elongated morphologies of cells were observed.According to the real-time polymerase chain reaction data,a higher osteogenic gene expression level was dependent upon the growing morphology but not the proliferation rate of cells,and the osteogenic differentiation capacity of cells onto four groups of materials varied in specific genes.In general,BMSCs exhibited the highest osteogenic capacity onto COL/HA,but the poorest onto HA.The growing behaviors of cells on materials were further discussed in comparison with the cases of OC and BC of the reference model.The present attempt to comparatively analyze cell experimental data with a reference model is expected to be useful for revealing the difference in the osteogenic capability of MSCs onto materials or even the bioactivity of materials.

关键词： osteogenic differentiation spreading morphology mineralization of collagen bioceramics

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An elastic model for bioinspired design of carbon nanotube bundles

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2015年第2期31卷 205-215页

作者： Xiaoyu Sun Zuoqi Zhang Yuanjie Xu Yongwei Zhang School of Civil Engineering Wuhan University Institute of High Performance Computing A*STARSingapore 138632Singapore

Collagen fibers provide a good example of making strong micro-or mesoscale fibers from nanoscale tropocollagen molecules through a staggered and crosslinked organization in a bottom-up manner.Mimicking the architectural features of collagen fibers has been shown to be a promising approach to develop carbon nanotube（CNT）fibers of high performance.In the present work,an elastic model is developed to describe the load transfer and failure propagation within the bioinspired CNT bundles,and to establish the relations of the mechanical properties of the bundles with a number of geometrical and physical parameters such as the CNT aspect ratio and longitudinal gap,interface cross-link density,and the functionalizationinduced degradation in CNTs,etc.With the model,the stress distributions along the CNT-CNT interface as well as in every individual CNT are well captured,and the failure propagation along the interface and its effects on the mechanical properties of the CNT bundles are predicted.The work may provide useful guidelines for the design of novel CNT fibers in practice.

关键词： Carbon nanotube fiber Collagen-mimic design Staggered pattern Interface modification

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Exact quantum query complexity of weight decision problems via Chebyshev polynomials

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第2期66卷 297-298页

作者： xiaoyu HE Xiaoming sun Guang YANG Pei YUAN Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The weight decision problem, which requires determining the Hamming weight of a given binary string, is a natural and important problem with lots of applications, such as cryptanalysis [1] and coding theory. In this study, we investigate the exact quantum query complexity of weight decision problems, where the exact quantum algorithm must always output the correct answer within finite steps(see Appendix A for a detailed explanation).

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Integrated network pharmacology and proteomics to reveal the cognitive improvement effect of Wuzang Wenyang Huayu decoction on vascular dementia

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第19期135卷 2380-2382页

作者： Yuhao sun xiaoyu Wen Zhuoxian Li Lijing Xu Meng Xia School of Basic Medicine Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningGuangxi 530200China.

To the Editor:Vascular dementia(VD)is a clinical disease characterized_by cognitive dysfunction and intellectual decline caused byvarious cerebrovascularfactors.The high incidence of VD in middle-aged and elderly people has become a major medical and social problem worldwide.li Since its specific pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated,clinical practice is stillfocused on improving cognition and sAylmteprntoamtivaetilcy,t rweiathtm heignht,seuffcehc taivse pnierascse atanmd faenwd sdidoen eepffeezcitl.s2,i traditional Chinese medicine has drawn medical attention and become a hotspot in the medical research field.

关键词： decoction clinical pathogenesis

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Transfer element method with application to acoustic design of aeroengine nacelle

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2015年第2期28卷 327-345页

作者： Wang xiaoyu sun Xiaofeng School of Energy and Power Engineering Beihang University Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Aero-Engine

In the present survey, various methods for the acoustic design of aeroengine nacelle are first briefly introduced along with the comments on their advantages and disadvantages for practi- cal application, and then detailed analysis and discussion focus on a kind of new method which is called ＂transfer element method＂（TEM） with emphasis on its application in the following three problems： turbomachinery noise generations, sound transmission in ducts and radiation from the inlet and outlet of ducts, as well as the interaction between them. In the theoretical frame of the TEM, the solution of acoustic field in an infinite duct with stator sound source or liner is extended to that in a finite domain with all knows and unknowns on the interface plane, and the relevant acoustic field is solved by setting up matching equation. In addition, based on combining the TEM with the boundary element method （BEM） by establishing the pressure and its derivative con- tinuum conditions on the inlet and outlet surface, the sound radiation from the inlet and outlet of ducts can also be investigated. Finally, the effects of various interactions between the sound source and acoustic treatment have been discussed in this survey. The numerical examples indicate that it is quite important to consider the effect of such interactions on sound attenuation during the acoustic design of aeroengine nacelle.

关键词： Duct acoustics Equivalent surface sourcemethod Interaction of sound sourceand acoustic treatment Acoustic liner Three-dimensional liftingsurface theory Transfer element method Aeroengine noise

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