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Key features of new particle formation events at background sites in China and their influence on cloud condensation nuclei

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第5期10卷 107-117页

作者： Xiaojing SHEN Junying SUN xiaoye zhang Yangmei zhang Lu zhang Ruxia FAN State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and-Arid Region Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China College of Earth Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Long-term continuous measurements of particle number size distributions with mobility diameter sizes ranging from 3 to 800 nm were pertbrmed to study new particle formation （NPF） events at Shangdianzi （SDZ）, Mt. Tai （TS）, and Lin＇an （LAN） stations representing the background atmospheric conditions in the North China Plain （NCP） Central East China （CEC） and Yangtze River Delta （YRD） regions, respectively. The mean formation rate of 3-nm particles was 6.3, 3.7, and 5.8 cm -3 .s-1, and the mean particle growth rate was 3.6, 6.0, and 6.2 nm. h at SDZ, TS, and LAN, respectively. The NPF, event characteristics at the three sites indicate that there may be a stronger source of low volatile vapors and higher condensational sink of pre-existing particles in the YRD region. The formation rate of NPF events at these sites, as well as the condensation sink, is approximately 10 times higher than some results reported at rural/urban sites in western countries. However, the growth rates appear to be 1 2 times higher. Approximately 12%-17% of all NPF events with nucleated particles grow to a climate- relevant size （〉50 nm）. These kinds of NPF events were normally observed with higher growth rate than the other NPF cases. Generally, the cloud condensation nuclei （CCN） number concentration can be enhanced by approximately a factor of 2 6 on these event days. The mean value of the enhancement factor is lowest at LAN （2-3） and highest at SDZ （-4）. NPF events have also been found to have greater impact on CCN production in China at the regional scale than in the other background sites worldwide.

关键词： New particle formation Regional background Cloud condensation nuclei Growth rate Formation rate

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Application of a Neural Network to Store and Compute the Optical Properties of Non-Spherical Particles

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第12期39卷 2024-2039页

作者： Jinhe YU Lei BI Wei HAN xiaoye zhang Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province School of Earth SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Center for Earth System Modeling and Prediction China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Numerical Weather Prediction Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration Institute of Atmospheric CompositionChinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China

Radiative transfer simulations and remote sensing studies fundamentally require accurate and efficient computation of the optical properties of non-spherical *** paper proposes a deep learning(DL)scheme in conjunction with an optical property database to achieve this *** neural network(DNN)architectures were obtained from a dataset of the optical properties of super-spheroids with extensive shape parameters,size parameters,and refractive *** dataset was computed through the invariant imbedding T-matrix *** separate DNN architectures were created to compute the extinction efficiency factor,single-scattering albedo,asymmetry factor,and phase *** criterion for designing these neural networks was the achievement of the highest prediction accuracy with minimal DNN *** numerical results demonstrate that the determination coefficients are greater than 0.999 between the prediction values from the neural networks and the truth values from the database,which indicates that the DNN can reproduce the optical properties in the dataset with high *** addition,the DNN model can robustly predict the optical properties of particles with high accuracy for shape parameters or refractive indices that are unavailable in the ***,the ratio of the database size(~127 GB)to that of the DNN parameters(~20 MB)is approximately 6810,implying that the DNN model can be treated as a highly compressed database that can be used as an alternative to the original database for real-time computing of the optical properties of non-spherical particles in radiative transfer and atmospheric models.

关键词： non-spherical particles light scattering super-spheroid model deep learning neural network

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Applying the WRF Double-Moment Six-Class Microphysics Scheme in the GRAPES_Meso Model： A Case Study

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2018年第2期32卷 246-264页

作者： Meng zhang Hong WANG xiaoye zhang Yue PENG Huizheng CHE Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100089 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather/Institute of Atmospheric Composition Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 Beijing Meteorological Service Center Beijing 100089

This study incorporated the Weather Research and Forecasting（WRF） model double-moment 6-class（WDM6） microphysics scheme into the mesoscale version of the Global/Regional Assimilation and Pr Ediction System（GRAPES_Meso）. A rainfall event that occurred during 3–5 June 2015 around Beijing was simulated by using the WDM6, the WRF single-moment 6-class scheme（WSM6）, and the NCEP 5-class scheme, respectively. The results show that both the distribution and magnitude of the rainfall simulated with WDM6 were more consistent with the observation. Compared with WDM6, WSM6 simulated larger cloud liquid water content, which provided more water vapor for graupel growth, leading to increased precipitation in the cold-rain processes. For areas with the warmrain processes, the sensitivity experiments using WDM6 showed that an increase in cloud condensation nuclei（CCN）number concentration led to enhanced CCN activation ratio and larger cloud droplet number concentration（Nc） but decreased cloud droplet effective diameter. The formation of more small-size cloud droplets resulted in a decrease in raindrop number concentration（Nr）, inhibiting the warm-rain processes, thus gradually decreasing the amount of precipitation. For areas mainly with the cold-rain processes, the overall amount of precipitation increased; however, it gradually decreased when the CCN number concentration reached a certain magnitude. Hence, the effect of CCN number concentration on precipitation exhibits significant differences in different rainfall areas of the same precipitation event.

关键词： mesoscale version of the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System WRF single-moment 6-class scheme microphysics scheme double moment cloud condensation nuclei

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An atmospheric perspective on the carbon budgets of terrestrial ecosystems in China:progress and challenges

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Science Bulletin 2021年第17期66卷 1713-1718,M0003页

作者： Baozhang Chen Huifang zhang Tao Wang xiaoye zhang School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Monitoring&Assessment Center for GHGs(Greenhouse Gases)&Carbon Neutrality Institute of Atmospheric Composition and Environmental MeteorologyChinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

The atmospheric inversion is an effective method for quantifying surface CO_(2) fluxes at global and regional scales using the gradient of CO_(2) measurements and has the advantage of inferring CO_(2) sources and sinks over large spatial ***“2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories”was adopted and accepted during the 49th Session of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)in May 2019.

关键词： scales 进展与挑战 sink

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Intensified wintertime secondary inorganic aerosol formation during heavy haze pollution episodes(HPEs) in Beijing,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第4期34卷 503-513页

作者： Lingyan Wu xiaoye zhang Junying Sun Yu Wang Junting Zhong Zhaoyang Meng State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather&Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China

Air pollution in China is complex,and the formation mechanism of chemical components in particulate matter is still *** study selected three consecutive heavy haze pollution episodes(HPEs)during winter in Beijing for continuous field observation,including an episode with heavy air pollution under red *** days during the observation period were selected for *** HPE characteristics of Beijing in winter were:under the influence of adverse meteorological conditions such as high relative humidity,temperature inversion and low wind speed;and strengthening of secondary transformation reactions,which further intensified the accumulation of secondary aerosols and other pollutants,promoting the explosive growth of PM_(2.5).PM_(2.5)/CO values,as indicators of the contribution of secondary transformation in PM_(2.5),were approximately 2 times higher in the HPEs than the average PM_(2.5)/CO during the clean *** secondary inorganic aerosols(sulfate nitrate and ammonium salt)were significantly enhanced during the HPEs,and the conversion coefficients were remarkably *** addition,it is interesting to observe that the production of sulfate tended to exceed that of nitrate in the late stage of all three *** existence of aqueous phase reactions led to the explosive growth sulfur oxidation ratio(SOR)and rapid generation of sulfate under high relative humidity(RH>70%).

关键词： Water-soluble ions PM_(2.5) Heavy haze pollution episodes(HPEs) Sulfate Nitrate Secondary aerosol processes

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The impact of meteorological changes from 2013 to 2017 on PM2.5 mass reduction in key regions in China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第12期62卷 1885-1902页

作者： xiaoye zhang Xiangde XU Yihui DING Yanju LIU Hengde zhang Yaqiang WANG Junting ZHONG Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China National Climate Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China National Meteorological Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

In 2013,China issued the"Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution"("Ten Statements of Atmosphere")and implemented a series of pollution reduction measures from 2013 to *** key regions of China,the mass concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic equivalent diameters less than 2.5μm(PM2.5)have dropped ***,the contributions of meteorological changes to PM2.5 reduction are largely uncertain,which has attracted particular concern from the government and the ***,we investigated the impact of large-scale and boundary layer(BL)meteorological conditions on aerosol pollution and estimated the contributions of meteorological changes to PM2.5 reduction based on in-depth analysis and diagnosis of various observed meteorological elements and an integrated pollution-linked meteorological index(PLAM,which is approximately and linearly related to PM mass concentration).In this study,we found that the meteorological conditions worsened in 2014 and 2015 and improved in 2016 and 2017 relative to those in 2013 in key regions in *** 2017 relative to 2013,only^5%(approximately 13%of the total PM2.5 decline)of the 39.6%reduction in PM2.5 mass concentrations can be attributed to meteorological changes in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region,and only^7%(approximately 20%of the total PM2.5 decline)of the 34.3%reduction can be attributable to meteorological changes in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)***,the PM2.5 reduction due to meteorological improvement is much lower than the observed PM2.5 reduction in these areas,which indicates that emission reduction during the five-year implementation of the"Ten Statements of Atmosphere"is the dominant factor in the improvement in air *** changes in meteorology and climate are conducive to PM2.5 reduction but do not dominate the substantial improvement in air *** to the above regions,in the Pearl River Delta(PRD)region,the impact of meteorological changes on the

关键词： Quantifying unfavorable meteorological conditions Contribution of Meteorological Conditions to PM2.5 Change Ten Statements of Atmosphere

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Estimation of emissions from field burning of crop straw in China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第5期53卷 784-790页

作者： CAO GuoLiang zhang xiaoye WANG YaQiang Zheng FangCheng School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology Xi'an 710055 China Centre for Atmosphere Watch & Services Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China

Emissions resulting from crop straw field burning in China, which have caused serious environmental problems in China, are estimated in this paper. From the county-level data of crop production in 2000― 2003 from the government statistics, taking into account the ratio of residue and grain, the total amount of crop straw production is estimated to be about 600 Tg per year, 76% of which are rice, wheat and corn straw. With reference to the data of living standards, the percentage of crop straw burnt in fields for counties are obtained and consequently the total amount of burnt straws is approximately 140 Tg/year. With the emission factors from literature and experiments, appropriate emission factors have been obtained. The total amounts of PM, SO_2, NO_x, NH_3, CH_4, BC, OC, VOC, CO, CO_2 emissions from field burning of crop straw in China are estimated. All emissions are presented at county level. Some pollutants, such as BC, VOC, OC, CO and CO_2, are contributing a major portion to the total emissions of China. This paper uses a map with resolution of 0.2°×0.2° to present the PM emissions distribution from crop straw burnt in 2003. The results show a significant regional unevenness of emissions, with larger amounts of pollutions coming from the provinces in eastern and northeast China. The regions with higher emissions per unit area are located as a belt stretching from northeast China to eastern China.

关键词：中国农作物秸杆田间燃烧散热量

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Dust direct radiative effects on the earth-atmosphere system over east Asia:Early spring cooling and late spring warming

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第10期56卷 1020-1030页

作者： WANG Hong ZHAO TianLiang zhang xiaoye GONG SunLing Centre for Atmosphere Watch and Services Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China Air Quality Research Division Science & Technology Branch Environment Canada Toronto Ontario M3H 5T4 Canada

Focusing on three dust storms occurring in spring 2001,we developed a detailed aerosol parameterization scheme and integrated it in a radiative transfer model to characterize possible impacts of solar altitude angle on dust direct radiative effects over China desert regions and the North Pacific,using actual daily solar altitude *** solar altitude angle from early spring (or winter) to late spring (or summer) leads to increase of positive clear sky radiative forcing,and decrease of negative radiative forcing due to dust aerosols at the top of the *** solar altitude angle increases from early to late spring,dust-clear sky radiative forcing may change from negative to positive at the top of atmosphere,showing a change from cooling to heating of the earth-atmosphere system over high-albedo deserts and nearby *** low-albedo ocean negative clear sky radiative forcing by dust may decrease,suggesting a change from strong to weak cooling on the earth-atmosphere *** impacts of solar altitude angle on cloudy sky radiative forcing due to dust are similar to those of clear *** of low cloud on dust radiative forcing are the same as increasing surface *** causes the transition of dust cooling effects into heating effects over deserts to occur earlier,and causes decrease of negative radiative forcing over the ocean and even cause a change from weak negative radiative forcing to weak positive forcing over local *** in the same East Asian desert regions and nearby areas,the strength and sign of the radiative forcings depend on storm dates and thus solar altitude *** nearer to early spring (or winter) a dust storm occurs,the easier it leads to negative radiative forcing at the top of atmosphere,which indicates cooling effects on the earth-atmosphere *** contrast,the nearer to late spring (or summer) a dust storm occurs,the easier it leads to positive radiative forcing at the top of atmosphere,showing heat

关键词：大气系统辐射效应冷却效果东亚地区气候变暖粉尘层地球早春

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Emission inventories of primary particles and pollutant gases for China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第8期56卷 781-788页

作者： CAO GuoLiang zhang xiaoye GONG SunLing AN XinQin WANG YaQiang School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology Xi'an 710055 China Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China Air Quality Research Division Environment Canada Toronto M3H 5T4 Canada

Detailed high-resolution emission inventories of primary particles(PM2.5,BC and OC) and pollutant gases(SO2,NOx,NH3,CO and VOCs) for China in 2007 were constructed on the basis of the latest fuel consumption data,mostly at the county level,and from socio-economic statistics and data on fossil and biomass fuels obtained from government *** emission factors reflecting local features were also *** calculated emissions were 13.212 Mt PM2.5,1.4 Mt BC,2.946 Mt OC,31.584 Mt SO2,23.248 Mt NOx,16.017 Mt NH3,164.856 Mt CO and 35.464 Mt *** national and regional emissions were gridded with 0.5°× 0.5° resolution for use in air quality *** emissions were found in eastern and central China than in western *** emissions estimated here are roughly equal to those obtained in previous studies,but with different contributions from because of seasonal changes in residential heating and biomass ***,uncertainties in inventories were analyzed.

关键词：排放清单污染气体初级粒子中国挥发性有机化合物空气质量模型二氧化硫氮氧化物

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Impact of China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on PM2.5 chemical composition over eastern China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第12期62卷 1872-1884页

作者： Guannan GENG Qingyang XIAO Yixuan ZHENG Dan TONG Yuxuan zhang xiaoye zhang Qiang zhang Kebin HE Yang LIU Department of Environmental Health Rollins School of Public HealthEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgia 30322USA Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesCMABeijing 100081China

China promulgated the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan(the Action Plan)in 2013 and developed stringent control measures to mitigate fine particulate matter(PM2.5) ***,we investigated the PM2.5 chemical composition changes over eastern China associated with the Action Plan during 2013-2017 using satellite-based PM2.5 chemical composition data derived using CMAQ simulations and satellite *** PM2.5 concentrations decreased considerably during this time as a result of the reductions in all chemical species in *** population-weighted mean concentrations over eastern China decreased from 11.1 to 6.7μgm-3 for SO42-,13.8-13.1μgm-3 for NO3-,7.4-5.8μgm-3 for NH4+,9.9-8.4μgm-3 for OM,4.6-3.8μg m-3 for BC and 12.9-9.6μg m-3 for other species in ***42-had the largest reduction of 40%,while NO3-had the lowest reduction of 5%,resulting in a greater fraction of NO3-and a smaller fraction of SO42-in *** the three key regions,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei had the largest reduction in PM2.5 and its chemical *** decrease in SO42-concentrations was in line with the reduction of SO2 emissions,and the major driver of the SO2 emission reductions was the industrial *** decrease in NO3 concentrations was limited because the decrease in SO2 emissions and the stable NH3 emissions facilitated the formation of NO3-from HNO3,which partially offset the reduction in NOx emissions driven by the power *** mitigate PM2.5 pollution more effectively,future efforts are needed to reduce NH3 emissions.

关键词： PM25 chemical composition Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan Satellite remote sensing

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