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Large contributions of emission reductions and meteorological conditions to the abatement of PM_(2.5)in Beijing during the 24th Winter Olympic Games in 2022

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 172-188页

作者： Yaping Jiang Shaocai Yu Xue Chen Yibo zhang Mengying Li Zhen Li Zhe Song Pengfei Li xiaoye zhang Eric Lichtfouse Daniel Rosenfeld Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Air Pollution and HealthCollege of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China College of Science and Technology Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071000China Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Aix-Marseille Univ CNRSColl FranceCNRSIRDINRAEEuropole Mediterraneen de l’ArboisAvenue Louis Philibert13100 Aix en ProvenceFrance Xi’an Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi’an 710049China Institute of Earth Sciences The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael

To guarantee the blue skies for the 2022 Winter Olympics held in Beijing and zhangjiakou from February 4 to 20,Beijing and its surrounding areas adopted a series of emission control *** provides an opportunity to determine the impacts of large-scale temporary control measures on the air quality in Beijing during this special ***,we applied the WRF-CMAQ model to quantify the contributions of emission reduction measures and meteorological *** show that meteorological conditions in 2022 decreased PM_(2.5)in Beijing by 6.9 and 11.8μg/m^(3)relative to 2021 under the scenarios with and without emission reductions,*** emission reduction measures implemented in Beijing and seven neighboring provinces resulted in an average decrease of 13.0μg/m^(3)(-41.2%)in PM_(2.5)in *** the entire period,local emission reductions contributed more to good air quality in Beijing than nonlocal emission *** the emission reduction scenario,local,controlled regions,other regions,and boundary conditions contributed 47.7%,42.0%,5.3%,and 5.0%to the PM_(2.5)concentrations in Beijing,*** results indicate that during the cleaning period with the air masses from the northwest,the abatements of PM_(2.5)were mainly caused by local emission ***,during the potential pollution period with the air masses from the east-northeast and west-southwest,the abatements of PM_(2.5)were caused by both local and nonlocal emission reductions almost *** implies that regional coordinated prevention and control strategies need to be arranged scientifically and rationally when heavy pollution events are forecasted.

关键词： PM_(2.5) WRF-CMAQ Meteorological conditions Emission reductions Winter Olympic games

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Construction and Application of a Regional Kilometer-Scale Carbon Source and Sink Assimilation Inversion System(CCMVS-R)

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Engineering 2024年第2期33卷 263-275页

作者： Lifeng Guo xiaoye zhang Junting Zhong Deying Wang Changhong Miao Licheng Zhao Zijiang Zhou Jie Liao Bo Hu Lingyun Zhu Yan Chen Monitoring and Assessment Center for GHGs and Carbon Neutrality&Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Laboratory of Climate Change Mitigation and Carbon Neutrality Henan UniversityZhengzhou 450001China National Meteorological Information Center Beijing 100081China Shanxi Meteorological Administration Taiyuan 030002China Shanxi Provincial Institute of Meteorological Sciences Taiyuan 030002China Jiangsu Provincial Climate Center Nanjing 210000China

CO_(2)is one of the most important greenhouse gases(GHGs)in the earth’s *** the industrial era,anthropogenic activities have emitted excessive quantities of GHGs into the atmosphere,resulting in climate warming since the 1950s and leading to an increased frequency of extreme weather and climate *** 2020,China committed to striving for carbon neutrality by *** commitment and China’s consequent actions will result in significant changes in global and regional anthropogenic carbon emissions and therefore require timely,comprehensive,and objective monitoring and verification support(MVS)*** MVS approach relies on the top-down assimilation and inversion of atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations,as recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)Inventory Guidelines in ***,the regional high-resolution assimilation and inversion method is still in its initial stage of ***,we have constructed an inverse system for carbon sources and sinks at the kilometer level by coupling proper orthogonal decomposition(POD)with four-dimensional variational(4DVar)data assimilation based on the weather research and forecasting-greenhouse gas(WRF-GHG)*** China Carbon Monito ring and Verification Support at the Regional level(CCMVS-R)system can continuously assimilate information on atmospheric CO_(2)and other related information and realize the inversion of regional and local anthropogenic carbon emissions and natural terrestrial ecosystem carbon *** CO_(2)data were collected from six ground-based monito ring sites in Shanxi Province,China to verify the inversion effect of regio nal anthropogenic carbon emissions by setting ideal and real experiments using a two-layer nesting method(at 27 and 9 km).The uncertainty of the simulated atmospheric CO_(2)decreased significantly,with a root-mean-square error of CO_(2)concentration values between the ideal value and the simulated after assimilation was close to

关键词： CCMVS-R Regional carbon assimilation system Anthropogenic carbon emissions CO_(2) POD 4DVar

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Chlorine-Substituent Regulation in Dopant-Free Small-Molecule Hole-Transport Materials Improves the Effi ciency and Stability of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2024年第4期30卷 314-323页

作者： Xinyi Liu xiaoye zhang Zhanfeng Li Jinbo Chen Yanting Tian Baoyou Liu Changfeng Si Gang Yue Hua Dong Zhaoxin Wu Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System Ministry of Education and Shanxi ProvinceTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China School of Electrical Engineering University of South ChinaHengyang 421001China College of Physics and Optoelectronics Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Screen Display Organic Materials Engineering Technology Research Center Ningxia Sinostar Display Material Co.Ltd.Yinchuan 750003China Organic Semiconductor Centre EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsFife KY169STUK Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information School of Electronic and Information Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

Although doped hole-transport materials(HTMs)off er an effi ciency benefi t for perovskite solar cells(PSCs),they inevi-tably diminish the ***,we describe the use of various chlorinated small molecules,specifi cally fl uorenone-triphenylamine(FO-TPA)-x-Cl[x=para,meta,and ortho(p,m,and o)],with diff erent chlorine-substituent positions,as dopant-free HTMs for *** chlorinated molecules feature a symmetrical donor-acceptor-donor structure and ideal intramolecular charge transfer properties,allowing for self-doping and the establishment of built-in potentials for improving charge *** effi cient hole-transfer interfaces are constructed between perovskites and these HTMs by strategi-cally modifying the chlorine ***,the chlorinated HTM-derived inverted PSCs exhibited superior effi ciencies and air ***,the dopant-free HTM FO-TPA-o-Cl not only attains a power conversion effi ciency of 20.82% but also demonstrates exceptional stability,retaining 93.8%of its initial effi ciency even after a 30-day aging test conducted under ambient air conditions in PSCs without *** fi ndings underscore the critical role of chlorine-substituent regulation in HTMs in ensuring the formation and maintenance of effi cient and stable PSCs.

关键词： Hole-transport materials Inverted perovskite solar cells Chlorinated small molecules Donor–acceptor–donor structure

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氟取代有机空穴传输材料在钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用研究进展

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有机化学 2024年第4期44卷 1197-1209页

作者：刘冬张晓晔李战峰太原理工大学新型传感器与智能控制教育部重点实验室太原030024

钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)因其性能优异、成本低廉和制备工艺简单,在环境、生态和能源结构调整方面具有重要意义.其中空穴传输材料(HTMs)有效调节电池界面势垒、促进空穴传输和收集、降低电荷复合、优化钙钛矿层与电极界面以及改善钙钛矿... 详细信息

钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)因其性能优异、成本低廉和制备工艺简单,在环境、生态和能源结构调整方面具有重要意义.其中空穴传输材料(HTMs)有效调节电池界面势垒、促进空穴传输和收集、降低电荷复合、优化钙钛矿层与电极界面以及改善钙钛矿光吸收层的性质,在PSCs中发挥重要的作用.氟取代材料具有独特的电荷传输特性和光电性能,向有机分子中引入具有诱导效应和共轭效应的氟原子可以降低分子能级,提高HTMs的空穴迁移率,进而提高PSCs的性能.此综述对氟取代有机空穴传输材料对PSCs光电性能的影响及其作用机制进行了梳理和总结.

关键词：钙钛矿太阳能电池空穴传输材料氟取代有机材料

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“一带一路”制造业增加值贸易网络对中国企业对外直接投资的影响研究

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南开经济研究 2024年第4期 212-232页

作者：方慧张潇叶赵胜立山东财经大学国际经贸学院 250014 Center for B&R Economic Development Research Shandong University of Finance and EconomicsJinan 250014China

全球价值链重构趋势下,“一带一路”贸易网络日益紧密,东道国贸易网络地位对对外直接投资(OFDI)的影响逐渐显现,成为吸引中国企业“走出去”的新区位优势。本文基于“一带一路”共建国家制造业的投入产出数据构建增加值贸易网络,结合200... 详细信息

全球价值链重构趋势下,“一带一路”贸易网络日益紧密,东道国贸易网络地位对对外直接投资(OFDI)的影响逐渐显现,成为吸引中国企业“走出去”的新区位优势。本文基于“一带一路”共建国家制造业的投入产出数据构建增加值贸易网络,结合2009—2019年A股上市公司、BvD-Zephyr以及fDi Markets数据,考察东道国贸易网络地位对中国企业OFDI的影响。研究发现:“一带一路”东道国制造业增加值贸易网络地位的提升,对中国企业OFDI具有显著的促进作用,且上述影响在发达国家、制度风险较低及开设境外园区的东道国更强,并且进一步激发了中国民营企业、初始投资企业“走出去”开展跨国并购的积极性。此外,中国企业OFDI的结构得以优化,投资行业依托贸易网络呈现阶梯状分布。机制分析表明,中间品进口激励效应、投资风险规避效应和全球价值链嵌入效应是其重要传导渠道。本文为中国企业面向“一带一路”共建国家的投资策略制定提供有益参考,对推动共建“一带一路”高质量发展具有重要现实意义。

关键词： “一带一路” 增加值贸易网络制造业对外直接投资

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卤代姜黄素衍生物的合成及其对副溶血性弧菌的光动力灭活作用

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食品科学 2024年第16期45卷 19-24页

作者：李雨薇赵淑怡洪高博张宾焦龙张晓晔浙江海洋大学食品与药学学院浙江省海产品健康危害因素关键技术研究重点实验室浙江舟山316022 浙江海洋大学比萨海洋研究生学院浙江舟山316022 大连理工大学精细化工国家重点实验室辽宁大连116024 浙江海洋大学船舶与海运学院浙江舟山316022

为提升姜黄素(curcumin,Cur)的光动力灭活(photodynamic inactivation,PDI)效果,合成新型卤代姜黄素衍生物(X-cur,X=F、Cl、Br)。通过测定X-cur的紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱,对比X-cur的单线态氧(^(1)O_(2))生成能力并辅助激发态理论... 详细信息

为提升姜黄素(curcumin,Cur)的光动力灭活(photodynamic inactivation,PDI)效果,合成新型卤代姜黄素衍生物(X-cur,X=F、Cl、Br)。通过测定X-cur的紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱,对比X-cur的单线态氧(^(1)O_(2))生成能力并辅助激发态理论计算结果,分析筛选出具有PDI潜力的姜黄素衍生物。结果表明:随着非金属重原子卤素相对分子质量的增加,其自旋耦合作用逐渐增强,导致Br-cur具有最小的单重激发态(S_(1))和三重激发态(T_(3))能级差ΔE_(st(S1-T3))(0.140 eV)和最大的自旋轨道耦合值(0.642262 cm^(-1)),说明Br-cur最容易发生系间窜越过程进入到T_(3);此外,Br-cur相比于Cur和其他卤代姜黄素具有最小的S_(1)和基态(S_(0))间能级差(3.260 eV);以上两因素导致Br-cur极易被光激发且具有最高的^(1)O_(2)生成能力;在对水产品中典型食源性致病菌副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)的PDI实验中,Br-cur的PDI作用依赖于其使用浓度和光照时间,且PDI效果显著高于Cur对照组,是极具应用潜力的新型PDI光敏剂。

关键词：卤代姜黄素光动力灭活重原子效应系间窜越副溶血性弧菌

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新型水溶性没食子酸衍生物的合成及其对冷藏南美白对虾的抗氧化保鲜性能

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食品科学 2024年第18期45卷 197-206页

作者：焦龙冯慧珍赵淑怡倪继龙张晓晔张宾浙江海洋大学食品与药学学院浙江省海产品健康危害因素关键技术研究重点实验室浙江舟山316022 浙江海洋大学比萨海洋研究生学院浙江舟山316022 浙江海洋大学船舶与海运学院浙江舟山316022

为解决没食子酸(gallic acid,GA)因水溶性差而导致其对水产品抗氧化保鲜效果差的难题,本研究合成一种新型水溶性GA衍生物GA-CONH-SO_(3)H,通过高分辨质谱、核磁和光谱表征证实衍生物成功合成。非共价相互作用理论计算表明,GA-CONH-SO_(... 详细信息

为解决没食子酸(gallic acid,GA)因水溶性差而导致其对水产品抗氧化保鲜效果差的难题,本研究合成一种新型水溶性GA衍生物GA-CONH-SO_(3)H,通过高分辨质谱、核磁和光谱表征证实衍生物成功合成。非共价相互作用理论计算表明,GA-CONH-SO_(3)H与水分子间存在丰富的氢键作用,并与水分子的结合能强于GA。经测量,GA-CONH-SO_(3)H常温水中饱和溶解度为290.02 mg/mL,是GA的26倍。并且,GA-CONH-SO_(3)H对1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基自由基、羟自由基和O_(2)^(-)·的清除率分别高达92.80%(58.78μmol/L GA仅为89.77%)、98.09%(1.76 mmol/L GA仅为49.56%)、99.74%(23.51 mmol/L GA仅为29.89%)。最后,在南美白对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)4℃冷藏保鲜实验中,冷藏8 d后GA-CONH-SO_(3)H浸泡处理组虾肉pH值为7.44(GA组7.71),冷藏6 d后总挥发性盐基氮含量为27.07 mg/100 g(GA组35.47 mg/100 g)、硫代巴比妥酸反应物值为0.87 mg/kg(GA组0.94 mg/kg)、菌落总数为(5.09±0.02)(lg(CFU/g))(GA组(5.66±0.03)(lg(CFU/g))),GA-CONH-SO_(3)H保鲜效果显著,可延长其货架期2 d。此外,与商品化鲜虾保鲜剂4-己基间苯二酚(4-hexylresorcinol,4-HR)的对比实验结果表明,GA-CONH-SO_(3)H在抑制TVB-N、TBARS和TVC值增长方面效果均显著优于4-HR。同时,GA-CONH-SO_(3)H具有较低的细胞毒性。因此,GA-CONH-SO_(3)H是一种极具开发潜力的水产品抗氧化保鲜剂。

关键词：没食子酸衍生物水溶性抗氧化活性南美白对虾冷藏保鲜

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The Pathway Toward Carbon Neutrality:Challenges and Countermeasures

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Engineering 2022年第7期8卷 1-2页

作者： xiaoye zhang Xiang Gao State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather&Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of the China Meteorological Administration Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Coal-Fired Air Pollution ControlZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

China’s solemn commitment to the world to strive for carbon neutrality by 2060 demonstrates the nation’s determination to take a new development route,different from its impressive achievements during the more than 40 years since *** a green,low-carbon,and high-quality development path is also a strong manifestation of China’s determination to follow its consis-tent development belief of“conformity with morality,”with its emphasis on multilateral mechanisms and a willingness to make the best possible contribution to global concerns such as adaption to and mitigation of climate change.

关键词： Countermeasures neutral morality

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Investigation on emission factors of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants from crop residue burning

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第1期20卷 50-55页

作者： CAO Guoliang zhang xiaoye GONG Sunling ZHENG Fangcheng Center for Atmosphere Watch and Services CMA Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Xi＇an University of Architecture and Technology Xi＇an 710055 China Air Quality Research Division Environment Canada 4905 Dufferin Street Toronto M3H 5T4 Canada

Emission factors of particulate matter （PM）, element carbon （EC）, organic carbon （OC）, SO2, NOx, CO, CO2, and ten ions （Na^＋, NH4^＋, K^＋, Mg^2＋, Ca^2＋, Fˉ, Clˉ, NO2ˉ, NO3ˉ, SO42ˉ） were estimated from the domestic burning of four types of commonly produced crop residues in rural China： rice straw, wheat straw, corn stover, and cotton stalk, which were collected from the representative regions across China. A combustion tower was designed to simulate the cooking conditions under which the peasants burned their crop residues in rural China, to measure the emission factors. Results showed that wheat straw had the highest emission factor for the total PM （8.75 g/kg） among the four crop residues, whereas, corn stover and wheat straw have the highest emission factor for EC （0.95 g/kg） and OC （3.46 g/kg）, respectively. Corn stover also presents as having the highest emission factors of NO, NOx, and CO2, whereas, wheat straw, rice straw, and cotton stalk had the highest emission factors of NO2, SO2, and CO, respectively. The water-soluble ions, K^＋ and Clˉ, had the highest emission factors from all the crops. Wheat straw had a relatively higher emission factor of cation species and Fˉ, Clˉ, NO2ˉ than other residues.

关键词： rural China crop residues combustion tower emission factor

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Seasonal characterization of components and size distributions for submicron aerosols in Beijing

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Science China Earth Sciences 2013年第4期56卷 890-900页

作者： zhang YangMei SUN JunYing zhang xiaoye SHEN XiaoJing WANG TingTing QIN MingKai Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Heilongjiang Province Meteorological Bureau Fengtai District Meteorological Bureau of Beijing

Submicron aerosols （PMt） in Beijing were studied using an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer （AMS） from January to Oc tober 2008. This paper presents seasonal variations of different chemical components （sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, chloride and organics） and size distributions of PM1. Results show that mass concentration of PMI was highest in summer, and lowest in autumn. Organics represented the dominant species in all seasons, accounting for 36%58% of PML, and their concentrations were highest in winter. Concentrations of inorganic components, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium were highest in summer. Based on principal component analysis, organics were deconvolved and quantified as hydrocarbonlike and oxygenated organ ic aerosol （HOA and OOA, respectively）. HOA was highest in winter, accounting for about 70% of organics. However, OOA was highest in summer, and had lower values in autumn and winter. A similar diurnal pattern of various components was ob served, which is higher at nighttime and lower during daytime. HOA increased more dramatically than other species between 17：00 and 21：00 and peaked at noon, which could be related to cooking emissions. OOA, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium and chlo ride varied with the same trend. Their concentrations increased with solar radiation from 9：00 to 13：00, and declined with weakening solar radiation. Size distributions of all species showed apparent peaks in the range 500600 nm. Size distributions of organics were much broader than other species, particularly in autumn and winter. Distributions of sulfate, nitrate and am monium had similar patterns, broadening in winter. Contributions of different species were sizedependent; the finer the parti cle, the greater the contribution of organics. Organics represented more than 60% of particles smaller than 200 nm, contrib uting 50% to PM1 in winter. In spring and summer, HOA was the dominant organic fraction for particles smaller than 200 nm, while OOA contributed more to particles la

关键词： aerosol chemical components size distribution AMS seasonal variation Beijing

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