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Subtropical forest macro-decomposers rapidly transfer litter carbon and nitrogen into soil mineral-associated organic matter

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第2期11卷 131-139页

作者： Guoxiang Niu Tao Liu Zhen Zhao Xuebing zhang Huiling Guan xiaoxiang He Xiankai Lu National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha410004China Lushan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of SciencesJiujiang332900China Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510650China Section of Microbial Ecology Department of BiologyLund UniversityLund22362Sweden Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystem in Hunan Province Yueyang414000China

Background:Forest soils in tropical and subtropical areas store a significant amount of *** framework to assess soil organic matter(SOM)dynamics under evolving global conditions suggest that dividing bulk SOM into particulate and mineral-associated organic matter(POM ***)is a promising method for identifying how SOM contributes to reducing global *** macrofauna,earthworms,and millipedes have been found to play an important role in facilitating SOM ***,how these two co-existing macrofaunae impac the litter decomposition process and directly impact the formation of POM and MAOM remains ***:Here,we set up a microcosm experiment,which consisted of 20 microcosms with four treatments earthworm and litter addition(E),millipedes and litter addition(M),earthworm,millipedes,and litter addition(E+M),and control(only litter addition)in five *** soil and litter were sterilized prior to beginning the incubation experiment to remove any existing *** incubating the samples for 42 days,the litte properties(mass,C,and N contents),soil physicochemical properties,as well as the C and N contents,and POM and MAOM^(13)C abundance in the 0–5 and 5–10 cm soil layers were ***,the relative influences o soil physicochemical and microbial properties on the distribution of C and N in the soil fractions were analyzed Results:The litter mass,C,and N associated with all four treatments significantly decreased after incubation especially under treatment E+M(litter mass:-58.8%,litter C:-57.0%,litter N:-75.1%,respectively),while earthworm biomass significantly decreased under treatment *** or millipede addition alone showed no significant effects on the organic carbon(OC)and total nitrogen(TN)content in the POM fraction,but join addition of both significantly increased OC and TN regardless of soil ***,all three macrofauna treatments increased the OC and TN content and decreased the^(13)C abundance

关键词： Tropical and subtropical forest Soil organic matter fractions Earthworm Millipedes Litter decomposition

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A virus-derived siRNA activates plant immunity by interfering with ROS scavenging

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Molecular Plant 2021年第7期14卷 1088-1103页

作者： Peng Liu xiaoxiang zhang Fan zhang Miaoze Xu Zhuangxin Ye Ke Wang Shuang Liu Xiaolei Han Ye Cheng Kaili Zhong Tianye zhang Linzhi Li Youzhi Ma Ming Chen Jianping Chen Jian Yang State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo 315211China lnstitute of Agricultural Sciences in Lixiahe District of Jiangsu Province YangzhouJiangsu 225007China Yantai Academy of Agricultural Science Shandong ProvinceNo.26 Gangcheng West StreetFushan DistrictYantai CityShandong 265500P.R.China National Key Facility for Crop Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and BreedingMinistry of AgricultureInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina

Virus-derived small interference RNAs(vsiRNAs)not only suppress virus infection in plants via induction of RNA silencing but also enhance virus infection by regulating host defensive gene ***,the underlying mechanisms that control vsiRNA-mediated host immunity or susceptibility remain largely *** this study,we generated several transgenic wheat lines using four artificial microRNA expression vectors carrying vsiRNAs from Wheat yellow mosaic virus(WYMV)*** and field tests showed that two transgenic wheat lines expressing amiRNAI were highly resistant to WYMV *** analyses showed that vsiRNAI could modulate the expression of a wheat thioredoxin-like gene(TaAAEDI),which encodes a negative regulator of reactive oxygen species(ROS)production in the *** function of TaAAEDI in ROS scavenging could be suppressed by vsiRNAI in a dose-dependent ***,transgenic expression of amiRNAI in wheat resulted in broad-spectrum disease resistance to Chinese wheat mosaic virus,Barley stripe mosaic virus,and Puccinia striiformis *** infection,suggesting that vsiRNAI is involved in wheat immunity via ROS ***,these findings reveal a previously unidentified mechanism underlying the arms race between viruses and plants.

关键词： vsiRNAI Wheat yellow mosaic virus TaAAEDI ROS host resistance

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Linkage between riverbed scouring or deposition and the evolution of central bars:Case study in the Yangzhong reach of the Yangtze River

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2024年第7期34卷 1323-1347页

作者： YANG Yunping zhang Xiabo FENG xiaoxiang HAN Jianqiao WANG Jianjun ZHU Yude YANG Yanhua Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering Ministry of TransportTianjin300456China College of Harbour Coastal and Offshore EngineeringHohai UniversityNanjing210098China Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University YanglingShaanxi712199China

Understanding the relationship between unbalanced riverbed scouring or deposition and the evolution of central bars in natural conditions and human activity is useful for river regime control and waterway improvement *** this end,we utilized the Yangzhong reach in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River as a case study and evaluated runoff,sediment content,and topographical data measured over the past 70 years(1951–2021).With the decrease in the amount of incoming sediment in the river basin,the Yangzhong reach exhibited a continuous state of *** cumulative riverbed scouring volumes of the low-water and flood channels from 1981 to 2021 were 3.97×10^(8)and 4.14×10^(8)m^(3),respectively,with the riverbed scouring volume of the low-water channel accounting for 95.9%of that of the flood *** quasi-natural runoff–sediment conditions,the evolution of the central bars in the Yangzhong reach was highly correlated with the amount of scouring or *** particular,the Luochengzhou reach could be characterized as a meandering river with scouring on concave riverbanks and deposition on convex *** the context of reduced incoming sediment,the beach area of the Yangzhong reach decreased by approximately 9.9%(from 2003 to 2021)and the central bars of the straight section areas ***,following operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir,both the Luocheng central bar and Jiangyin beach areas could be characterized as meandering rivers with convex riverbanks and *** the quasi-natural period before the implementation of the waterway improvement project,the trend of high scouring intensity and increased fluid diversion ratio in the right branch of the Luocheng central bar was in accordance with the law that the short branch of the length is in a developing state under the condition of decreasing river sediment *** the control of riverbank protection and the construction of waterway improvement projects in the Yangzhong

关键词： riverbed scouring or deposition beach morphology linkage relationship causal analysis tidal reach Yangtze River

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基于口袋公园理念的工厂附属老旧小区公共空间景观微更新设计研究

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城市建筑空间 2024年第4期31卷 61-63页

作者：钱京京杨英张潇湘陈晓珊吴舒蕾曾嘉慧湖南工业大学城市与环境学院

将城市微更新与口袋公园理念引入老旧小区公共空间景观,以株洲汽齿小区为例,通过碎片化消极场地优化、儿童友好型运动场地设计、适老化设施及景观环境改造,将零碎的“点-线-面”地块串联成网格系统,使老、破、旧小区实现环境优、配套全... 详细信息

将城市微更新与口袋公园理念引入老旧小区公共空间景观,以株洲汽齿小区为例,通过碎片化消极场地优化、儿童友好型运动场地设计、适老化设施及景观环境改造,将零碎的“点-线-面”地块串联成网格系统,使老、破、旧小区实现环境优、配套全、空间活、文化浓、情感深的有序迭代更新,为老旧小区“存量提质”探索经验。

关键词：老旧小区公共空间景观微更新口袋公园

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37份玉米品种苗期耐铅性评价方法

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河南科技学院学报（自然科学版） 2024年第3期52卷 11-18页

作者：马兴业刘鹏园孙思意袁天宇时振坤张晓祥河南科技学院农学院河南新乡453003 现代生物育种河南省协同创新中心河南新乡453003

为了建立玉米苗期耐Pb性评价方法,论文以37个玉米品种为研究对象,对玉米苗期的株高、SPAD、地上鲜质量、叶长、叶宽、地上干质量、根冠比7个性状进行分析.首先,利用主成分和隶属函数分析方法,将37份玉米品种7个性状的耐Pb系数转换为隶... 详细信息

为了建立玉米苗期耐Pb性评价方法,论文以37个玉米品种为研究对象,对玉米苗期的株高、SPAD、地上鲜质量、叶长、叶宽、地上干质量、根冠比7个性状进行分析.首先,利用主成分和隶属函数分析方法,将37份玉米品种7个性状的耐Pb系数转换为隶属函数值和D值;其次,通过聚类分析将玉米苗期耐Pb性分为高耐、耐、中等、敏感、高敏5个等级;其三,通过回归分析建立了综合评价D值与7个性状耐Pb系数的回归方程:D=-0.784+0.426*株高+0.178*地上鲜质量+0.126*地上干质量+0.361*SPAD+0.320*叶长+0.041*叶宽-0.002*根冠比.研究结果对玉米苗期耐Pb性评价提供了依据.

关键词：玉米耐Pb鉴定隶属函数评价方法

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Porous Indium Nanocrystals on Conductive Carbon Nanotube Networks for High-Performance CO2-to-Formate Electrocatalytic Conversion

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第4期7卷 413-421页

作者： Liangping Xiao Rusen Zhou Tianqi zhang xiaoxiang Wang Renwu Zhou Patrick J.Cullen Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov Department of Physics Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Jiujiang Research Institute Xiamen University School of Chemistry and Physics QUT Centre for Materials Science and QUT Centre for a Waste-Free World Queensland University of Technology(QUT) School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Sydney

Ever-increasing emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide （CO2） cause global environmental and climate *** by biological photosynthesis,developing effective strategies NeuNlto up-cycle CO2into high-value organics is *** CO2reduction reaction （CO2RR） is highly promising to convert CO2into economically viable carbon-based chemicals or fuels under mild process conditions.

关键词： CO2RR conductive network electrocatalysts formate

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大数据时代的空间分析

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武汉大学学报（信息科学版） 2014年第6期39卷 655-659页

作者：张晓祥河海大学地理信息科学与工程研究所江苏南京210098

近年来,大数据越来越多地被用来描述正在到来的信息爆炸的时代,也引起了产学研政府部门的高度重视。首先综述了大数据和空间大数据的特点和最新发展。其次,从GIS基础理论方法的角度回顾和评述了空间分析、空间建模和空间优化等三个地理... 详细信息

近年来,大数据越来越多地被用来描述正在到来的信息爆炸的时代,也引起了产学研政府部门的高度重视。首先综述了大数据和空间大数据的特点和最新发展。其次,从GIS基础理论方法的角度回顾和评述了空间分析、空间建模和空间优化等三个地理信息科学的核心议题。在此基础上,引申出空间理论方法背后隐含的空间哲学和空间思维。最后指出了大数据时代地理信息科学发展的机遇与挑战。

关键词：大数据空间分析空间建模空间优化空间哲学

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Ultrasound-responsive spherical nucleic acid against c-Myc/PD-L1 to enhance anti-tumoral macrophages in triple-negative breast cancer progression

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 698-710页

作者： Runtian Wang Gaigai Li Fangyan Gao Feng Xu Xintong Li Jian zhang Jinbo Li xiaoxiang Guan Department of Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029China State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center(ChemBIC)Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Department of Medical Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterDepartment of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers Prevention and TreatmentCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166China

Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is the most challenging breast cancer subtype because of its aggressive behavior and limited therapeutic targets.c-Myc is hyperactivated in the majority of TNBC tissues,however,it has been considered an“undruggable”target due to its disordered ***,we developed an ultrasound-responsive spherical nucleic acid(SNA)against c-Myc and PD-L1 in *** is a self-assembled and carrier-free system composed of a hydrophilic small-interfering RNA(si RNA)shell and a hydrophobic core made of a peptide nucleic acid(PNA)-based antisense oligonucleotide(ASO)and a *** accomplished significant enrichment in the tumor by enhanced permeability and retention(EPR)effect,the controllable release of effective elements by ultrasound activation,and the combination of targeted therapy,immunotherapy and *** study demonstrated significant anti-tumoral effects in vitro and in *** cytometry showed an invigorated tumor microenvironment(TME)characterized by a significant alteration in the composition of tumor-associated macrophages(TAM)and decreased proportion of PD-1-positive(PD-1+)T effector cells after appropriate treatment of the ultrasound-responsive SNA(USNA).Further experiments verified that tumor-conditioned macrophages residing in the TME were transformed into the anti-tumoral *** finding offers a novel therapeutic strategy against the“undruggable”c-Myc,develops a new targeted therapy for c-Myc/PD-L1 and provides a treatment option for the TNBC.

关键词： triple-negative breast cancer c-Myc spherical nucleic acid self-assembly

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Prevention and treatment of gerbil hepatitis E using the programmable CRISPR-Cas13d system

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 94-97页

作者： Chengcheng Zhao Chong Lia Sa Li Hanyu Wu Pengyao Ren Tianlong Liu xiaoxiang Hu Ran zhang State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Nanopathology College of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

In recent years,the global incidence of hepatitis E virus(HEV)has been rising,leading to increased morbidity and mortality associated with ***13,a CRISPR effector,shows promise as an antiviral agent against singlestranded RNA ***13d,a type VI-D effector,exhibits higher efficiency in suppressing RNA viruses compared to other type VI ***,its in vivo activity against RNA viruses in mammals remains unknown.

关键词： mortality hepatitis treatment

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Microstructure Modification and Ductility Improvement for TaMoNbZrTiAl Refractory High Entropy Alloys via Increasing Ti Content

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第7期37卷 1186-1200页

作者： Yujing Zhou Siyi Peng Yueling Guo xiaoxiang Wu Changmeng Liu Zhiming Li School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China Shagang School of Iron and Steel Soochow UniversitySuzhou215137China School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha410083China

Here, the composition of TaMoNbZrTiAl refractory high entropy alloy (RHEA) is optimized by increasing Ti content to improve its mechanical property especially the ductility, through comparing two RHEAs with different Ti content. The RHEAs contain two body-centered-cubic (BCC) phases. The BCC phase in the dendritic region is rich in Ta, Mo and Nb, and the BCC phase in the interdendritic region is enriched in Zr, Ti and Al. The as-cast RHEA with a higher Ti content remains dendritic microstructures, and Ti is mainly enriched in the interdendritic region. After annealing treatment at 1300 ℃ for 48 h, the dendritic microstructures change into equiaxed-grain morphology, accompanied by needle-like micron precipitates at grain boundaries in the RHEA with higher Ti content. For the as-cast RHEAs, the fracture strain increases by ~ 6.6% and the uniform plastic strain increases by ~ 5.9% at the compression test due to the increase of Ti content. Our work offers a reference for the composition design of RHEAs and makes a preliminary exploration of the optimization of the microstructures and mechanical properties.

关键词： Refractory high entropy alloys Solidification Grain morphology Microstructure Mechanical property

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