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Recovery of thorium and rare earths from leachate of ion-absorbed rare earth radioactive residues with N1923 and Cyanex■572

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Journal of Rare Earths 2021年第10期39卷 1273-1281,I0004页

作者： Jia Su Xiangguang Guo Yun Gao Shan Wu Ruigao Xu xiaoqi sun CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures And Fujian Key Laboratory of NanomaterialsFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China Longnan County Nanyu Rare Earth Resources Comprehensive Utilization Co. Ltd.Ganzhou 341000China Ganzhou Rare Earth Group Co. Ltd.Ganzhou 341000China

Ion-absorbed rare earth ores radioactive residues(IREORR)are a class of waste residue from the production of rare earth elements(REEs).Because of its radioactive dose,IREORR are usually stored in waste *** are difficult to be disposed ***,it contains relatively high concentrations of REEs,which can be considered as a valuable secondary *** this paper,a novel process is developed for the separation of thorium(Th)and recovery of REEs from IREORR hydrochloric acid leachate with primary amine N1923 and Cyanex?572,*** effects of sulfate concentration,extractant concentration and pH on N1923 extraction in hydrochloric acid solution were investigated in *** results show that the extraction capacity of N1923 can be improved by adding sulfate to the solution and increasing the concentration of *** has little effect on the extraction of Th when pH is higher than *** for the stripping,REEs are more easily stripped from loaded organic phase than Th,and nitric acid is a better stripping agent than hydrochloric *** with the extraction of Cyanex■572 for REEs,a fractional extraction experiment for separating Th and enriching of REEs was *** yield of Th is higher than 99.9%and the concentration of REEs is enriched to 183.84 g/L.

关键词： Radioactive residues Rare earth Thorium Primary amine N1923 Cyanex?572

Separation and recovery of rare earth from waste nickel-metal hydride batteries by phosphate based extraction-precipitation

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Journal of Rare Earths 2022年第6期40卷 974-980,I0005页

作者： Hailan Zhi Shuainan Ni Xiang Su Wenqi Xie Hepeng Zhang xiaoqi sun College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350007China Fujian CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Key Laboratory of NanomaterialsFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China Fujian Research Center for RE Engineering Technology Xiamen Institute of RE MaterialsHaixi InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 36102JChina Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production of Rare Earths Ganjiang Innovation AcademyChinese Academy of SciencesGanzhou 341000China Ganzhou Rare Earth Group Co. Ltd.China Southern Rare EarthGanzhou 341000China

A novel type of extraction-precipitation strategy based on phosphate was developed to recover rare earth(RE,i.e.,La,Ce,Nd,and Pr)from waste nickel-metal hydride(NiMH)*** method does not require saponification and organic *** novel phosphates,i.e.,dibenzyl phosphate(DBP),diphenyl phosphate(DPP),triphenyl phosphate(TPP)were studied as *** has high precipitation efficiencies for RE^(3+),which can reach 97.84%,100%,100%and 99.77%,*** addition,the precipitation efficiencies of Mn^(2+),Co^(2+)and Ni^(2+)are less than 1.75%.DBP-RE has the largest particle size(D10=52.6μm,D50=135.35μm,D90=296.08μm),which is much larger than the precipitations formed by NH_(4)HCO_(3),H_(2)C2O_(4),CaO and *** larger precipitation particle sizes contribute to improving the solid-liquid separation *** 3 mol/L hydrochloric acid,the stripping efficiency of DBP-RE reaches 98.60%,and the purity of recovered RE is 99.85%.The regenerated DBP can be directly used for the recycling ***,the novel extraction-precipitation strategy is a green and sustainable separation method.

关键词： Waste nickel-metal hydride battery Rare earth Extraction-precipitation Phosphonic acid(ester)

Selective recovery of Th(Ⅳ) from radioactive rare earth waste residue by utilizing MoS_(2)-modified ion-absorbed type rare earth tailings

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第9期42卷 1782-1791,I0005页

作者： Xirong Chen Xinyu Fu Yun Gao Zhiyuan Zeng Bin Huang xiaoqi sun Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry Jiangxi University of Science and TechnologyGanzhou341000China CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures Fujian Key Laboratory of NanomaterialsFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou350002China Fujian Research Center for Rare Earth Engineering Technology Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth MaterialsHaixi InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen361021China Fujian College University of Chinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou350002China Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production of Rare Earths Ganjiang Innovation AcademyChinese Academy of SciencesGanzhouJiangxi341000China

In the process of extracting ion-absorbed rare earth ore(IREO),the production of radioactive waste is a major environmental *** address this issue,MoS_(2) was used to modify ion-absorbed rare earth tailings(RET) to synthesize a novel MoS_(2)@RET composite material for the effective handling of radioactive waste generated in IREO separation *** composite material was thoroughly characterized using various analytical techniques,including X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),thermogravimetry(TG),Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Brunaue r-Emmett-Teller(BET) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).By optimizing the operating parameters,the optimal experimental conditions were determined to be pH=3,contact time=60 min,liquid-solid ratio=6 g/L,and initial concentration=150 mg/*** adsorption data fitted well with the pseudo second-order rate *** thermodynamic parameters concerning the adsorption of Th(Ⅳ) were analyzed and *** isotherm model is a more fitting choice for the adsorption process compared to the Freundlich isotherm ***_(2)@RET was used in the acid leachate of IREO waste residue,achieving the separation of Th and rare earth *** mechanism of Th(Ⅳ) adsorption by MoS_(2)@RET was investigated,revealing that the adsorption process involves electrostatic interactions,chemical bonding,and redox *** above research results indicate that MoS_(2)@RET composite materials have application potential in the sustainable treatment of IREO radioactive waste.

关键词： Rare earths Thorium Radioactive waste residue Adsorption Separation

Separation of aluminum from rare earth by solvent extraction with 4-octyloxybenzoic acid

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Journal of Rare Earths 2023年第2期41卷 290-299页

作者： Gaoshan Yu Zhiyuan Zeng Yun Gao Shuainan Ni Hepeng Zhang xiaoqi sun CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures Fujian Key Laboratory of NanomaterialsFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China Fujian Research Center for Rare Earth Engineering Technology Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth MaterialsHaixi InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production of Rare Earths Ganjiang Innovation AcademyChinese Academy of SciencesGanzhou 341000China

Leaching method is usually used to extract rare earth(RE)elements from ion adsorbed RE *** the leaching process,some impurities such as aluminum(Al)enter the leaching *** separation of Al from RE by carboxylic acid extractant 4-octyloxybenzoic acid(POOA)was studied in this *** changing the pH value,temperature,solvent,saponification degree and other parameters,the extraction and separation performance of POOA in chloride system was systematically *** specific extraction experiments and slope analysis,it can be seen that the stoichiometric ratio of POOA to Al is 3:1during the extraction *** separation factor of Al^(3+)and Pr^(3+)can reach about *** with easily emulsified naphthenic acid,POOA achieves better phase *** above results show that saponified POOA(S-POOA)has a good separation effect on Al and *** the condition of low concentration stripping acid of 0.60 mol/L HCl,the developed extraction system can be almost completely stripped,and the stripping rate reaches 97.52%.The regenerated POOA can be directly used for the recycling extraction.

关键词： Rare earths Aluminium 4-octyoxybenzoic acid Solvent extraction Separation

Preparation of nanoscaled yttrium oxide by citrate precipitation method

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Journal of Rare Earths 2017年第1期35卷 79-84页

作者： CHEN Jinqing HUANG Bin HUANG Chao sun xiaoqi School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi University of Science & Technology Ganzhou 341000 China Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China

The nano-Y2O3 was prepared from YCl3 by the citrate precipitation method. The precursor powders were prepared by 0.1 mol/L YCl3 solution and 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid in the presence of 1% surfactant PEG2000, which was dried via an ethanol azeotropic distillation method. The effects of reaction temperature, precursor concentration, hydrochloric acid concentration, surfactant, and calcination temperature on the mean sizes of nano-Y2O3 were studied. It was found that the highest yield of precursor was about 70% at the p H value of 5.0, and the yield decreased rapidly at the p H value below 4 or over 6. The reaction temperature revealed no effect on the size of precursor. The optimized precursor concentration and hydrochloric acid concentration were both 0.1 mol/L. Several typical analytic techniques such as particle size analyzer, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses（TG-DTA） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM） were used to determine the characteristics of the prepared nano powders. Homogeneous torispherical nano-Y2O3 with the smallest size（20 nm） could be obtained by calcining the precursor powders at 800 oC for an hour.

关键词： nano Y2O3 citrate precipitation rare earths

Preparation of high-purity neodymium chloride by solvent extraction in the mixer-settlers： A pilot-scale investigation

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Journal of Rare Earths 2017年第11期35卷 1133-1140页

作者： Fujian Li Qiaoyan He Yanliang Wang Hong Zhou Shuibo Zhang xiaoqi sun Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 PR China Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 PR China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 PR China Ganzhou Rare Earth Group Co. Ltd. China Southern Rare Earth Ganzhou 341000 PR China

A novel purification process based on mixer-settlers for high-purity NdClwas developed. Acidic solution and pure NdClsolution were compared to scrub the less-extractable rare earths(REs)(La, Ce, and Pr)from loaded organic phase. The extractant with low-degree saponification was evaluated to remove the more-extractable element(Sm). Then the RE impurities(La, Ce, Pr, and Sm) in Nd were purified by an integrated process. Furthermore, effect of smuggling behavior on the purification of NdClin mixersettlers was studied. Based on the investigation mentioned above, the pilot-scale purification process for NdClwith a purity of 99.999% was developed, and the total recovery was about 99%.

关键词： Solvent extraction Purification Neodymium High-purity Mixer-settlers

Precipitation transformation of rare earth sulfate into chloride with p-dodecylphenoxy carboxylic acids

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Journal of Rare Earths 2019年第12期37卷 1326-1333页

作者： Yanliang Wang Jia Su Xiangguang Guo Jianguo Cui Yan Bai Fujian Li xiaoqi sun CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Key Laboratory of NanomaterialsFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths Baotou 014010China State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China Ganzhou Rare Earth Group Co. Ltd.Ganzhou 34WOOChina

Methods for transforming rare earth(RE)sulfate into chloride mainly include extraction process with organophosphonic mono-acids or aliphatic acids and precipitation process with ammonium bicarbonate(NH4 HCO3).In this paper,alkylphenoxy carboxylic acids(HAs)ofp-dodecylphenoxy acetic acid(HA-Ⅰ),pdodecylphenoxypropanoic acid(HA-Ⅱ)and p-dodecylphenoxybutyric acid(HA-Ⅲ),which were liquid at room temperature were synthesized and *** precipitation mechanisms of RE elements with the HAs were investigated and the HA/RE molar ratios of the solid complexes were determined as3:1 by equi-molar series method which accord with the principle of charge *** of HAs for the transformation of RE sulfate from concentrated sulfuric acid roasted RE concentrate into chloride via precipitation method was discussed.100%HA-Ⅱwas selected as the liquid organic precipitant without dilution of volatile solvent soracceleration of phase separation by *** RE sulfate solution can be precipitated by HA-Ⅱafter neutralization with liquid NaOH and stripped with concentrated HCl at room *** concentration of RE chloride of 218.1 g/L with low residue of sulfate radical of 0.536 g/L was *** residual organic precipitant in the raffinate solution was tested to be lower than 8 mg/L at 25℃and the chemical oxygen demand(COD)in wastewater was less than 50 mg/L.

关键词： Rare earth Dodecylphenoxycarboxylic acid Recovery Precipitation Transformation

Near-infrared light-activated cancer cell targeting and drug delivery with aptamer-modified nanostructures

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Nano Research 2016年第1期9卷 139-148页

作者： Yu Yang Jingjing Liu xiaoqi sun Liangzhu Feng Wenwen Zhu Zhuang Liu Meiwan Chen State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macao Avenida da Universidade Taipa Macao China Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China

Stimuli-activated targeted delivery systems for highly accurate treatment of tumors have received considerable attention in recent years. Herein, we reveal a light-activable cancer-targeting strategy that uses a complementary DNA sequence to hybridize and mask sgc8 aptamers conjugated onto photothermal agents such as gold nanorods or single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs）. Upon exposure to near-infrared （NIR） laser, localized photothermal heating of the surface of those nano-agents results in dehybridization of the double-stranded DNA and uncaging of the aptamer sequence to allow specific cancer-cell targeting. Utilizing doxorubicin-loaded SWNTs as a model system, targeted drug delivery to cancer cells activated by NIR light was achieved. This work demonstrates the concept of NIR-activable tumor-targeting delivery systems with controllable cancer-cell binding to potentially enable highly specific and efficient cancer therapy.

关键词： near-infrared(NIR)-activable drug delivery aptamer gold nanorods single-walled carbonnanotubes

Investigating the use of an ionic liquid for rare earth mineral flotation

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Journal of Rare Earths 2021年第7期39卷 866-874,I0004页

作者： R.Li C.Marion E.R.L.Espirtu R.Multani xiaoqi sun K.E.Waters Department of Mining and Materials Engineering McGill University3610 Rue University.MontrealQuebecH3A 0C5Canada Vale Ontario Operations(Base Metals)18 Rink St.Copper CliffOntario POM 1N0Canada Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences155 Yangqiao Road WestFuzhou 350002China

Common collectors for rare earth mineral(REM) flotation,which include carboxylates and hydroxamates,face problems such as being non-selective and sensitive to impurity ions.A type of ionic liquid(IL),tetraethylammonium mono-(2-ethylhexyl)2-ethylhexyl phosphonate([N_(2222)][EHEHP]),has been investigated previously for rare earth elements(REE) solvent extraction,and was proven to be selective and *** this work,[N_(2222)][EHEHP] was evaluated as a collector in bastnasite(a primary REM source for REE production) flotation for the first *** results were compared with quartz and hematite,two common gangue minerals in REM *** potential measurements and Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) were completed to investigate the surface chemical properties involved in the flotation of these minerals using this *** findings were compared with microflotation ***-IR and zeta potential measurements suggest adsorption of the collector’s phosphonate group onto bastnäsite and hematite,likely through chemisorption;whereas for quartz,the minimum micro flotation recovery is likely due to no adsorption of IL on its *** flotation re sults show higher collectability of [N_(2222)] [EHEHP] for hematite than bastnasite,the latter only shows appreciable recovery at pH 5 with elevated dosage of IL(500 g/t).To achieve better separation,a two-stage flotation scheme was designed and evaluated by bench scale flotation on a synthetic mineral *** concentrates and tails were analyzed by magnetic separation,and it is found that bastnasite recovery over 90% with maximum upgrade ratio 1.7 can be achieved with elevated collector dosage.

关键词： Ionic liquid Rare earth Bastnasite Flotation FT-IR Zeta potential