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Large-brained birds lay smaller but heavier clutches

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Avian Research 2023年第3期14卷 460-466页

作者： Shaobin Li xiaoman Liu Guopan Li Xiaolong du College of Life Science Yangtze UniversityJingzhou40025China

The brain is among the most energetically costly organs in vertebrates,and thus trade-offs have been hypothesized to exert constraints on brain size *** energy trade-off hypothesis(ETH) predicts that reducing the energy consumption of reproduction or other costly tissues should compensate for the cost of a large *** production in birds requires a large proportion of the total energy budget,and a clutch mass in some bird species can outweigh the body mass of the *** date,this hypothesis has mainly been tested in mammals and ectothermic animals such as anurans and *** collated data on adult brain size,body mass and eggproduction traits such as clutch size,egg mass and annual broods from published studies,and conducted a phylogenetic comparative test of the interplay between egg-production investment and brain size evolution across bird *** controlling for phylogenetic relationships and body size,we find a negative correlation between brain size and clutch size across 1395 species,which favored ***,when egg mass was integrated in models,positive associations were detected between brain size and mass of eggs(via egg mass,clutch mass and annual total egg mass).Our results suggest that brain size trades off against egg-production only via certain aspects(e.g.,clutch size).By contrast,a positive relationship between brain size and total egg reproduction(e.g.,clutch mass and annual total egg mass) implied increased total energy budget outweighing energy allocation across bird *** study shows that there is no general energy trade-off between brain size and eggreproduction investment,and suggests that brain size evolution follows mixed strategies across bird species.

关键词： Brain size Breeding attempts Clutch size Comparative analysis Egg mass Reproduction investment Trade-off

Evolutionary analysis and lineage designation of SARS-CoV-2 genomes

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Science Bulletin 2021年第22期66卷 2297-2311,M0004页

作者： Xiaolu Tang Ruochen Ying Xinmin Yao Guanghao Li Changcheng Wu Yiyuli Tang Zhida Li Bishan Kuang Feng Wu Changsheng Chi xiaoman du Yi Qin Shenghan Gao Songnian Hu Juncai Ma Tiangang Liu Xinghuo Pang Jianwei Wang Guoping Zhao Wenjie Tan Yaping Zhang Xuemei Lu Jian Lu State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research Center for BioinformaticsSchool of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyCenter for Excellence in Animal Evolution and GeneticsChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Yuxi Rongjian Information Technology Co. Ltd.Yuxi 653100China State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources(SKLMR) The Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China The Microresource and Big Data Center The Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan 430071China Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control(CDC)&Research Center for Preventive Medicine of Beijing Beijing 100013China NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory Institute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China

The pandemic due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),has caused immense global *** the rapid accumulation of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences,however,thousands of genomic variants of SARSCoV-2 are now publicly *** improve the tracing of the viral genomes’evolution during the development of the pandemic,we analyzed single nucleotide variants(SNVs)in 121,618 high-quality SARS-CoV-2 *** divided these viral genomes into two major lineages(L and S)based on variants at sites 8782 and 28144,and further divided the L lineage into two major sublineages(L1 and L2)using SNVs at sites 3037,14408,and ***,we categorized them into 130 sublineages(37 in S,35 in L1,and 58 in L2)based on marker SNVs at 201 additional genomic *** lineage/sublineage designation system has a hierarchical structure and reflects the relatedness among the subclades of the major *** also provide a companion website(***)that allows users to visualize sublineage information and upload their own SARS-CoV-2 genomes for sublineage ***,we discussed the possible roles of compensatory mutations and natural selection during SARS-CoV-2’s *** efforts will improve our understanding of the temporal and spatial dynamics of SARS-CoV-2’s genome evolution.

关键词： COVID-19 Evolutionary analysis Compensatory advantageous mutation Adaptive evolution Lineage designation

Effect of dietary supplement of inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum Ep-M 17 on growth performance,immune response,disease resistance,and intestinal microbiota in Penaeus vannamei

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第2期42卷 676-694页

作者： Ting WU xiaoman HU Wenlong XU Yang du Jiong CHEN State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Marine SciencesNingbo UniversityNingbo 315211China Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China

Our previous study found that feeding with Lactobacillus plantarum Ep-M17 could effectively affect the growth performance,immune response,and gut microbiota of Penaeus ***,high temperature and pressure during feed pelletizing is the main problem that can lead to a decrease in the activity of probiotics or cause their *** investigation needs to investigate whether inactivated Ep-M17 can exert similar effects as live ***,we evaluated the effects of inactivated *** Ep-M17 on growth performance,immune response,disease resistance,and gut microbiota in *** show that adding inactivated Ep-M17 to the feed also promoted body weight gain and increased relative immune protection in ***,histological examination revealed that the administration of inactivated Ep-M17 led to improvements in the density and distribution of microvilli in the intestines and enhancements in the abundance of B and R cells in the ***,the inactivated Ep-M17 supplementation resulted in increased activity levels of nutrient immune-related enzymes in both the shrimp hepatopancreas and ***,it stimulated the expression of Lvlec,PEN-3a,Crustin,LGBP,Lysozyme,and proPo genes in both the hepatopancreas and ***,the inactivated Ep-M17 also increased bacterial diversity in the gut of shrimp and promoted the abundance of specific flora,facilitating the host organism’s metabolism and immunity to improve the disease resistance of ***,supplementation of inactivated *** Ep-M17 in shrimp diets can exert similar effects as live *** Ep-M17 effectively improving growth performance,gut microbiota,immune response,and disease resistance in ***.

关键词： Penaeus vannamei Lactobacillus plantarum Ep-M17 inactivated probiotics immune response gut flora

Aqueous decoupling batteries: Exploring the role offunctional ion-exchange membrane

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InfoMat 2024年第10期6卷 1-18页

作者： Shuyue Li Lujing Wang xiaoman Li Heng Jiang Fei du Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology School of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringXi'an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi'anthe People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries(Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Superhard MaterialsCollege of PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchunthe People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology Ministry of EducationChina Medical UniversityShenyangthe People's Republic of China Institute of Health Sciences China Medical UniversityShenyangthe People's Republic of China

The relentless pursuit of sustainable and safe energy storage technologies hasdriven a departure from conventional lithium-based batteries toward other relevantalternatives. Among these, aqueous batteries have emerged as a promisingcandidate due to their inherent properties of being cost-effective, safe,environmentally friendly, and scalable. However, traditional aqueous systemshave faced limitations stemming from water's narrow electrochemical stabilitywindow (-1.23 V), severely constraining their energy density and viability inhigh-demand applications. Recent advancements in decoupling aqueous batteriesoffer a novel solution to overcome this challenge by separating the anolyteand catholyte, thereby expanding the theoretical operational voltage windowto over 3 V. One key component of this innovative system is the ion-selectivemembrane (ISM), acting as a barrier to prevent undesired crossover betweenelectrolytes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancementsin decoupling aqueous batteries, emphasizing the application of varioustypes of ISMs. Moreover, we summarize different specially designed ISMs andtheir performance attributes. By addressing the current challenges ISMs face,the review outlines potential pathways for future enhancement and developmentof aqueous decoupling batteries.

关键词： anolyte aqueous decoupling batteries catholyte design strategies ion-exchange membrane

数字经济时代的人力资本——特征、内涵与形成机制

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人口与经济 2025年第1期 20-33页

作者：李晓曼董金宇牟俊燕首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院北京100070

数字技术的快速发展与广泛运用引发各界对数字技能的关注,我国也提出将建成数字人才强国作为2035年远景目标,提升全民数字素养。已有文献多围绕数字技能的应用侧展开论述,鲜有研究对其进行理论溯源,探索数字经济对传统人力资本概念框架... 详细信息

数字技术的快速发展与广泛运用引发各界对数字技能的关注,我国也提出将建成数字人才强国作为2035年远景目标,提升全民数字素养。已有文献多围绕数字技能的应用侧展开论述,鲜有研究对其进行理论溯源,探索数字经济对传统人力资本概念框架的更新和推进。在此背景下,将数字技术全面嵌入人力资本既有理论体系,提出并阐释了数字经济时代人力资本的概念框架。首先,“技术—经济”范式变革使得教育、经验等传统人力资本代理变量的地位受到挑战,衍生出包含数字认知技能和数字情感技能的数字人力资本作为全新内核。其次,数字经济赋能传统人力资本开发机制,助力形成“一高一低,一长一短”的人力资本投资新模式。最后,探讨了数字人力资本与传统人力资本的联系与区别,并提出研究展望和政策启示。

关键词：数字经济数字认知技能数字情感技能人力资本积累模式

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大数据背景下企业财务共享风险控制研究

商业观察 2025年第3期11卷 65-67+83页

作者：周小满长江大学

在大数据时代，财务共享成为企业生存和发展的必然选择。企业要根据自身的实际情况，构建适合自身特征的财务共享模式，使公司的财务管理水平不断提高，从而达到可持续发展的目的。因而识别与控制财务共享的风险，成为有效运用财务共享... 详细信息

在大数据时代，财务共享成为企业生存和发展的必然选择。企业要根据自身的实际情况，构建适合自身特征的财务共享模式，使公司的财务管理水平不断提高，从而达到可持续发展的目的。因而识别与控制财务共享的风险，成为有效运用财务共享模式的关键点。在这一背景下，文章阐明大数据环境下企业有效运用财务共享的重要性，对其在大数据环境中应用财务共享所遇到的战略风险、信息风险、人员风险、组织结构与管理风险等进行分析，并有针对性地提出了相应的防范措施，如明晰战略目标定位，完善信息系统安全，加强专业人员培养等。

关键词：大数据财务共享风险控制

自适应卷积注意力与掩码结构协同的显著目标检测

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电子与信息学报 2025年第1期47卷 260-270页

作者：朱磊袁金垚王文武蔡小嫚武汉科技大学信息科学与工程学院武汉430000

显著目标检测(SOD)旨在模仿人类视觉系统注意力机制和认知机制来自动提取场景中的显著物体。虽然现有基于卷积神经网络(CNN)或Transformer的模型不断刷新该领域方法的性能,但较少研究关注以下两个问题:(1)此领域多数方法常采用逐像素点... 详细信息

显著目标检测(SOD)旨在模仿人类视觉系统注意力机制和认知机制来自动提取场景中的显著物体。虽然现有基于卷积神经网络(CNN)或Transformer的模型不断刷新该领域方法的性能,但较少研究关注以下两个问题:(1)此领域多数方法常采用逐像素点的密集预测方式以获取像素显著值,然而该方式不符合基于人类视觉系统的场景解析机制,即人眼通常对语义区域进行整体分析而非关注像素级信息;(2)增强上下文信息关联在SOD任务中受到广泛关注,但通过Transformer主干结构获取长程关联特征不一定具有优势。SOD应更关注目标在适当区域内其中心-邻域差异性而非全局长程依赖。针对上述问题,该文提出一种新的显著目标检测模型,将CNN形式的自适应注意力和掩码注意力集成到网络中,以提高显著目标检测的性能。该算法设计了基于掩码感知的解码模块,通过将交叉注意力限制在预测的掩码区域来感知图像特征,有助于网络更好地聚焦于显著目标的整体区域。同时,该文设计了基于卷积注意力的上下文特征增强模块,与Transformer逐层建立长程关系不同,该模块仅捕获最高层特征中的适当上下文关联,避免引入无关的全局信息。该文在4个广泛使用的数据集上进行了实验评估,结果表明,该文提出的方法在不同场景下均取得了显著的性能提升,具有良好的泛化能力和稳定性。

关键词：显著目标检测卷积神经网络形式的自适应注意力掩码注意力特征增强

马来酸伊索拉定联合三联疗法对幽门螺杆菌感染小鼠治疗作用的实验研究

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胃肠病学和肝病学杂志 2017年第6期26卷 653-657页

作者：杜小曼成虹刘建湘王化虹李江胡伏莲北京大学第一医院消化内科北京100034

目的观察马来酸伊索拉定(Irsogladine Maleate,IM)联合三联疗法对幽门螺杆菌(***)感染小鼠的根除作用其及对***所致胃黏膜炎症的修复作用。方法 60只KM小鼠随机分为6组,空白对照组、***感染模型组和4个药物治疗组。治疗组分别给予标准... 详细信息

目的观察马来酸伊索拉定(Irsogladine Maleate,IM)联合三联疗法对幽门螺杆菌(***)感染小鼠的根除作用其及对***所致胃黏膜炎症的修复作用。方法 60只KM小鼠随机分为6组,空白对照组、***感染模型组和4个药物治疗组。治疗组分别给予标准三联、铋剂四联、小剂量IM+标准三联及大剂量IM+标准三联药物灌胃治疗。快速尿素酶试验(RUT)联合组织病理学Giemsa染色判断***根除情况,HE染色判断胃黏膜炎症情况。结果标准三联组7例***根除成功,铋剂四联组、小剂量IM+标准三联组及大剂量IM+标准三联组均有8例根除成功,四组根除率两两比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。大剂量IM+标准三联组对胃黏膜慢性炎性反应的修复作用与铋剂四联组相当,优于标准三联组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论大剂量或小剂量IM联合标准三联对***感染小鼠的***根除率与铋剂四联相当,略高于标准三联,IM联合标准三联可明显改善***感染根除后的胃黏膜慢性炎性反应,且具有剂量依赖性。

关键词：马来酸伊索拉定幽门螺杆菌根除作用胃黏膜炎症

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基于ELWE的多密钥全同态加密方案

南京邮电大学学报(自然科学版) 2025年第01期45卷 90-98页

作者：祁正华何菲菲何校漫南京邮电大学计算机学院

格上基于容错学习（LWE）的多密钥全同态加密方案在密钥生成阶段通常直接选取随机矩阵和秘密向量，攻击者容易获得足够多低范数秘密向量或低范数的误差向量，从而获得秘密向量，使得公钥加密的安全性受到削弱。规避LWE（ELWE）是非标准... 详细信息

格上基于容错学习（LWE）的多密钥全同态加密方案在密钥生成阶段通常直接选取随机矩阵和秘密向量，攻击者容易获得足够多低范数秘密向量或低范数的误差向量，从而获得秘密向量，使得公钥加密的安全性受到削弱。规避LWE（ELWE）是非标准LWE的一种变体，指即使敌手额外获得了短高斯前像，加密方案仍可以避免归零攻击。首先基于ELWE构造了一个选择明文安全的单密钥全同态加密方案；其次利用线性组合算法提出了一种密文扩展算法，将单密钥方案扩展为多密钥加密方案。方案的扩展扩大了应用空间，且构造的多密钥方案与其他方案的对比表明，所提方案将解密噪声从8（8m4+m）mkδ降低为2（2m+1）mkδ，具有更强的实用性。

关键词：多密钥全同态加密规避容错学习格