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The outpost against cancer:universal cancer only markers

Cancer Biology & Medicine 2023年第11期20卷 806-815页

作者： Chengchen Qian xiaolong zou Wei Li Yinshan Li Wenqiang Yu Shanghai Epiprobe Biotechnology Co. LtdShanghai 200233China Department of General Surgery the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001China Shandong Epiprobe Medical Laboratory Co. LtdHeze 274108China People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750002China Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center&Department of General Surgery Huashan Hospital&Cancer Metastasis Institute&Laboratory of RNA EpigeneticsInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide.Early detection of cancer can lower the mortality of all types of cancer;however,effective early-detection biomarkers are lacking for most types of cancers.DNA methylation has always been a major target of interest because DNA methylation usually occurs before other detectable genetic changes.While investigating the common features of cancer using a novel guide positioning sequencing for DNA methylation,a series of universal cancer only markers(UCOMs)have emerged as strong candidates for effective and accurate early detection of cancer.While the clinical value of current cancer biomarkers is diminished by low sensitivity and/or low specificity,the unique characteristics of UCOMs ensure clinically meaningful results.Validation of the clinical potential of UCOMs in lung,cervical,endometrial,and urothelial cancers further supports the application of UCOMs in multiple cancer types and various clinical scenarios.In fact,the applications of UCOMs are currently under active investigation with further evaluation in the early detection of cancer,auxiliary diagnosis,treatment efficacy,and recurrence monitoring.The molecular mechanisms by which UCOMs detect cancers are the next important topics to be investigated.The application of UCOMs in real-world scenarios also requires implementation and refinement.

关键词： Cancer detection cancer screening DNA methylation cancer epigenetics cancer biomarkers

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Accelerated prediction of Cu-based single-atom alloy catalysts for CO_(2) reduction by machine learning

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Green Energy & Environment 2023年第3期8卷 820-830页

作者： Dashuai Wang Runfeng Cao Shaogang Hao Chen Liang Guangyong Chen Pengfei Chen Yang Li xiaolong zou Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute&Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China Tencent Shenzhen518054China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality and Human Interaction Technology Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China

Various strategies,including controls of morphology,oxidation state,defect,and doping,have been developed to improve the performance of Cu-based catalysts for CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),generating a large amount of data.However,a unified understanding of underlying mechanism for further optimization is still lacking.In this work,combining first-principles calculations and machine learning(ML)techniques,we elucidate critical factors influencing the catalytic properties,taking Cu-based single atom alloys(SAAs)as examples.Our method relies on high-throughput calculations of 2669 CO adsorption configurations on 43 types of Cu-based SAAs with various surfaces.Extensive ML analyses reveal that low generalized coordination numbers and valence electron number are key features to determine catalytic performance.Applying our ML model with cross-group learning scheme,we demonstrate the model generalizes well between Cu-based SAAs with different alloying elements.Further,electronic structure calculations suggest surface negative center could enhance CO adsorption by back donating electrons to antibonding orbitals of CO.Finally,several SAAs,including PCu,AgCu,GaCu,ZnCu,SnCu,GeCu,InCu,and SiCu,are identified as promising CO_(2)RR catalysts.Our work provides a paradigm for the rational design and fast screening of SAAs for various electrocatalytic reactions.

关键词： Cu-based single-atom alloy CO adsorption Machine learning First principles CO_(2)reduction reaction

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Tunable valley band and exciton splitting by interlayer orbital hybridization

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2291-2299页

作者： Dan Wang xiaolong zou Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute&Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China

Magnetic proximity effect has been demonstrated to be an effective routine to introduce valley splitting in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures.However,the control of its strength and the induced valley splitting remains challenging.In this work,taking heterobilayers combining monolayer MSe_(2)(M=Mo or W)with room-temperature ferromagnetic VSe_(2)as examples,we demonstrate that the valley splitting for both band edges and excitons can be modulated by the tuning of the interlayer orbital hybridization,achieved by inclusion of different amounts of exact Hartree exchange potential via hybrid functionals.Besides,we show such tuning of orbital hybridization could be experimentally realized by external strain and electric field.The calculations suggest that large valley band splitting about 30 meV and valley exciton splitting over 150 meV can be induced in monolayer MSe_(2).Our work reveals a way to control proximity effects and provides some guidance for the design of optoelectronic and valleytronic devices.

关键词： field splitting orbital

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High-timing-precision detection of single X-ray photons by superconducting nanowires

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 194-203页

作者： Shuya Guo Jingrou Tan Hengbin Zhang Jinguang Wang Tianhao Ji Labao Zhang xiaolong Hu Jian Chen Jun Xie Kai zou Yun Meng Xiaomin Bei Ling-An Wu Qi Chen Hao Wang Xuecou Tu Xiaoqing Jia Qing-Yuan Zhao Lin Kang Peiheng Wu Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics Nanjing University Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei National Laboratory School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronic Engineering Tianjin University Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology Ministry of Education

Precisely acquiring the timing information of individual X-ray photons is important in both fundamental research and practical applications. The timing precision of commonly used X-ray single-photon detectors remains in the range of one hundred picoseconds to microseconds. In this work, we report on high-timing-precision detection of single X-ray photons through the fast transition to the normal state from the superconductive state of superconducting nanowires. We successfully demonstrate a free-running X-ray single-photon detector with a timing resolution of 20.1 ps made of 100-nm-thick niobium nitride film with an active area of 50 μm by 50 μm. By using a repeated differential timing measurement on two adjacent X-ray single-photon detectors, we demonstrate a precision of 0.87 ps in the arrival-time difference of X-ray photon measurements. Therefore, our work significantly enhances the timing precision in X-ray photon counting, opening a new niche for ultrafast X-ray photonics and many associated applications.

关键词： single-photon detection timing precision superconductor ultrafast phenomenon pulsar X-ray navigation

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Conflict in Yemen and its impacts on China’s interests in the region

Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies

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Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies 2023年第3期17卷 231-249页

作者： Yahya Koshaimah xiaolong zou Jilin University ChangchunChina

The conflict in Yemen,which has been going on for 8 years,has great repercussions for Yemen and the entire region.Yemen’s strategic position has made it a key player in a crucial area that influences energy supplies,and international shipping routes,as well as a point of contact between Asia,Africa,and Europe.China,the area’s greatest economic partner and largest importer of oil,was one of those affected,particularly with the announcement of the Chinese BRI and its massive projects in the region.The pro-longed conflict in Yemen has hampered Chinese investments and the construction of several key and strategic BRI projects in Yemen,as well as jeopardising many of its mega projects in the region.It also posed a new threat to the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden’s sea routes,as well as the establishment of new military bases in strategic areas capable of controlling international trade routes and intensifying military rivalry in the region.

关键词： China Yemen conflict BRI Red Sea Gulf of Aden

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First passage Markov decision processes with constraints and varying discount factors

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2015年第4期10卷 1005-1023页

作者： Xiao WU xiaolong zou Xianping GUO School of Mathematics and Statistics Zhaoqing University Zhaoqing 526061 China School of Mathematics and Computational Science Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275 China

This paper focuses on the constrained optimality problem （COP） of first passage discrete-time Markov decision processes （DTMDPs） in denumerable state and compact Borel action spaces with multi-constraints, state-dependent discount factors, and possibly unbounded costs. By means of the properties of a so-called occupation measure of a policy, we show that the constrained optimality problem is equivalent to an （infinite-dimensional） linear programming on the set of occupation measures with some constraints, and thus prove the existence of an optimal policy under suitable conditions. Furthermore, using the equivalence between the constrained optimality problem and the linear programming, we obtain an exact form of an optimal policy for the case of finite states and actions. Finally, as an example, a controlled queueing system is given to illustrate our results.

关键词： Discrete-time Markov decision process （DTMDP） constrainedoptimality varying discount factor unbounded cost

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不同次数输卵管妊娠史患者再次妊娠结局分析

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中华生殖与避孕杂志 2024年第2期44卷 148-153页

作者：林晓龙姜文清邹世恩复旦大学附属妇产科医院妇科上海200001

目的探讨不同次数输卵管妊娠史患者再次妊娠结局差异。方法回顾性队列研究分析2019年1月至2023年4月期间复旦大学附属妇产科医院妇科收治的输卵管妊娠史次数≥1次的415例患者,根据输卵管妊娠史分为2组:A组为1次输卵管妊娠史(n=359),B组... 详细信息

目的探讨不同次数输卵管妊娠史患者再次妊娠结局差异。方法回顾性队列研究分析2019年1月至2023年4月期间复旦大学附属妇产科医院妇科收治的输卵管妊娠史次数≥1次的415例患者,根据输卵管妊娠史分为2组:A组为1次输卵管妊娠史(n=359),B组为2次输卵管妊娠史(n=56),收集每组患者基线信息和再次妊娠结局,比较保留输卵管和切除输卵管后异位妊娠率的差异。B组患者根据复发部位,分为同侧复发亚组和对侧复发亚组,比较两亚组患者再次妊娠时异位妊娠率的差异,并通过二元logistic回归分析与输卵管妊娠复发相关的影响因素。结果A组患者再次妊娠时宫内妊娠率[66.0%(237/359)]高于B组[48.2%(27/56),P=0.008]。A组采用甲氨蝶呤(methotexate,MTX)注射、输卵管切开取胚和输卵管挤压的患者宫内妊娠率[77.0%(97/126)、78.2%(93/119)、90.0%(9/10)]均高于采用输卵管切除的患者[35.7%(35/98),均P0.05)。B组同侧复发亚组24例,对侧复发亚组32例,两亚组再次宫内妊娠率、同侧异位妊娠率、对侧异位妊娠率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。第二次输卵管妊娠的发生与距前次妊娠时间和受孕方式有关,距前次妊娠时间≥36个月对输卵管妊娠复发有显著影响(OR=5.012,95%CI:2.525~9.949,P<0.001)。体外受精-胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer,IVF-ET)助孕患者宫内妊娠率[91.4%(53/58)]高于自然受孕患者[61.1%(184/301),P<0.001],其对降低第二次输卵管妊娠的发生有显著影响(OR=9.666,95%CI:3.303~28.287,P<0.001)。第三次输卵管妊娠的发生与受孕方式有关,IVF-ET助孕患者宫内妊娠率[76.5%(13/17)]高于自然受孕患者[35.9%(14/39),P<0.001],其对降低第三次输卵管妊娠发生有显著影响(OR=5.987,95%CI:1.529~23.447,P=0.010)。结论对于首次出现输卵管妊娠的患者,实施保留输卵管的治疗方法有助于保存患者将来宫内妊娠的机会。对于同侧输卵管妊娠复发的患者,目前尚无充分证据支持切除患侧输卵管对患者有利。无论是第一次还是第二次输卵管妊娠,再次妊娠选择IVF-ET助孕可获得更高的宫内妊娠率。

关键词：妊娠,输卵管复发受精,体外胚胎移植妊娠结局第三次输卵管妊娠

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Mass production of 2D materials by intermediate-assisted grinding exfoliation

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National Science Review 2020年第2期7卷 324-332页

作者： Chi Zhang Junyang Tan Yikun Pan Xingke Cai xiaolong zou Hui-Ming Cheng Bilu Liu Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Advanced Technology Institute University of Surrey Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

The scalable and high-efficiency production of 2D materials is a prerequisite to their commercial use.Currently, only graphene and graphene oxide can be produced on a ton scale, and the inability to produce other 2D materials on such a large scale hinders their technological applications. Here we report a grinding exfoliation method that uses micro-particles as force intermediates to resolve applied compressive forces into a multitude of small shear forces, inducing the highly efficient exfoliation of layer materials. The method, referred to as intermediate-assisted grinding exfoliation(iMAGE), can be used for the large-scale production of many 2D materials. As an example, we have exfoliated bulk h-BN into 2D h-BN with large flake sizes, high quality and structural integrity, with a high exfoliation yield of 67%, a high production rate of 0.3 g hand a low energy consumption of 3.01 × 10~6 J g. The production rate and energy consumption are one to two orders of magnitude better than previous results. Besides h-BN, this i MAGE technology has been used to exfoliate various layer materials such as graphite, black phosphorus, transition metal dichalcogenides, and metal oxides, proving its universality. Molybdenite concentrate, a natural low-cost and abundant mineral, was used as a demo for the large-scale exfoliation production of 2D MoSflakes. Our work indicates the huge potential of the i MAGE method to produce large amounts of various 2D materials, which paves the way for their commercial application.

关键词： 2D materials hexagonal boron nitrides transition metal dichalcogenides intermediary-assisted grinding exfoliation mass production

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花开并蒂:人与AI协同的场景化产品开发机会识别案例研究

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南开管理评论 2024年第1期27卷 51-63,I0009,I0010页

作者：邹波杨晓龙唐倩吴瑶中山大学管理学院

在数字经济背景下,如何有效识别出满足用户个性化场景需求的产品开发机会,既是理论前沿问题,也是实践难题。本研究以美的集团利用AI协同开发生活电器产品为例,回答两个问题:人与AI协同识别场景化产品开发机会的过程机制是什么?这一过程... 详细信息

在数字经济背景下,如何有效识别出满足用户个性化场景需求的产品开发机会,既是理论前沿问题,也是实践难题。本研究以美的集团利用AI协同开发生活电器产品为例,回答两个问题:人与AI协同识别场景化产品开发机会的过程机制是什么?这一过程机制反映的机会识别逻辑是什么?本研究发现:(1)人与AI协同的场景化产品开发机会识别过程由全场景机会洞察、焦点场景机会发现和个性化场景机会创造三个阶段构成;(2)与以人为单一主体的机会识别逻辑不同,人与AI协同的场景化产品开发机会识别是协同互补逻辑。该逻辑通过经验与数据的动态交互与持续验证,既规避了仅凭经验判断的草率创新,也克服了仅由数据决策的欠完备。据此,本研究构建了人与AI协同的场景化产品开发机会识别模型,并提出数字经济时代人与AI协同的场景化产品开发机会识别的协同互补逻辑,形成理论创新。同时,本文结论对数字经济时代企业高效识别产品开发机会具有启示价值。

关键词：场景化机会识别人与AI协同协同互补逻辑案例研究

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水系双离子电池的研究进展与展望

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储能科学与技术 2024年第2期13卷 462-479页

作者：郭秀丽周小龙邹才能唐永炳中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院先进储能技术研究中心广东深圳518055 中国石油深圳新能源研究院广东深圳518118

随着消费电子、电动汽车与规模储能产业的迅速发展,人们对电化学储能技术的安全高效提出了更高的要求。然而,锂离子电池(LIBs)存在的安全隐患问题制约了其在规模储能市场的应用。水系双离子电池(ADIBs)是一类以水系电解液作为离子传输... 详细信息

随着消费电子、电动汽车与规模储能产业的迅速发展,人们对电化学储能技术的安全高效提出了更高的要求。然而,锂离子电池(LIBs)存在的安全隐患问题制约了其在规模储能市场的应用。水系双离子电池(ADIBs)是一类以水系电解液作为离子传输介质且阴、阳离子均作为载流子同时参与电极电化学反应的新型储能技术,具有安全性能优异、功率密度高、绿色环保、性价比高等优势,在大规模储能领域具有潜在的应用前景。本综述从ADIBs的基本工作原理以及限制其发展的关键科学问题出发,归纳了近年来从电解液设计角度出发,拓宽电化学稳定电压窗口的几种常用方法,并总结了在正极和负极材料优化、储能机理研究方面取得的重要进展。最后,基于对ADIBs的理解,对其研究前景和未来研究方向进行了展望。本文将为水系储能电池研究的工作者提供参考,并为推动ADIBs的发展和促进高安全储能技术的进步发挥积极作用。

关键词：水系双离子电池电解液正极材料负极材料

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