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Factors Influencing Alzheimer's Disease Risk: Whether and How They are Related to the APOE Genotype

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2022年第7期38卷 809-819页

作者： Rong Zhang Xiaojiao xu Hang Yu xiaolan xu Manli Wang Weidong Le Institute of Neurology Sichuan Academy of Medical SciencesSichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease featuring progressive cognitive impairment.Although the etiology of late-onset AD remains unclear,the close association of AD with apolipoprotein E(APOE),a gene that mainly regulates lipid metabolism,has been firmly established and may shed light on the exploration of AD pathogenesis and therapy.However,various confounding factors interfere with the APOE-related AD risk,raising questions about our comprehension of the clinical findings concerning APOE.In this review,we summarize the most debated factors interactingwith theAPOEgenotype and ADpathogenesis,depict the extent to which these factors relate to APOEdependent AD risk,and discuss the possible underlying mechanisms.

关键词： Apolipoprotein E Alzheimer's disease Ethnicity Diet Geographic factor Aging Gender

A frequency error estimation for isogeometric analysis of Kirchhoff–Love cylindrical shells

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023年第10期17卷 1599-1610页

作者： Zhuangjing SUN xiaolan xu Zhiwei LIN Dongdong WANG Fujian Key Laboratory of Digital Simulations for Coastal Civil Engineering Xiamen Engineering Technology Center for Intelligent Maintenance of InfrastructuresDepartment of Civil EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

A frequency error estimation is presented for the isogeometric free vibration analysis of Kirchhoff–Love cylindrical shells using both quadratic and cubic basis functions.By analyzing the discrete isogeometric equations with the aid of harmonic wave assumption,the frequency error measures are rationally derived for the quadratic and cubic formulations for Kirchhoff–Love cylindrical shells.In particular,the governing relationship of the continuum frequency for Kirchhoff–Love cylindrical shells is naturally embedded into the frequency error measures without the need of explicit frequency expressions,which usually are not trivial for the shell problems.In accordance with these theoretical findings,the 2nd and 4th orders of frequency accuracy are attained for the isogeometric schemes using quadratic and cubic basis functions,respectively.Numerical results not only thoroughly verify the theoretical convergence rates of frequency solutions,but also manifest an excellent magnitude match between numerical and theoretical frequency errors for the isogeometric free vibration analysis of Kirchhoff–Love cylindrical shells.

关键词： isogeometric analysis Kirchhoff–Love cylindrical shell free vibration frequency error convergence

Coarse Mesh Superconvergence in Isogeometric Frequency Analysis of Mindlin–Reissner Plates with Reduced Integration and Quadratic Splines

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2022年第6期35卷 922-939页

作者： xiaolan xu Zhiwei Lin Songyang Hou Dongdong Wang Fujian Key Laboratory of Digital Simulations for Coastal Civil Engineering and Department of Civil Engineering Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China

A frequency accuracy study is presented for the isogeometric free vibration analysis of Mindlin–Reissner plates using reduced integration and quadratic splines,which reveals an interesting coarse mesh superconvergence.Firstly,the frequency error estimates for isogeometric discretization of Mindlin–Reissner plates with quadratic splines are rationally derived,where the degeneration to Timoshenko beams is discussed as well.Subsequently,in accordance with these frequency error measures,the shear locking issue corresponding to the full integration isogeometric formulation is elaborated with respect to the frequency accuracy deterioration.On the other hand,the locking-free characteristic for the isogeometric formulation with uniform reduced integration is illustrated by its superior frequency accuracy.Meanwhile,it is found that a frequency superconvergence of sixth order accuracy arises for coarse meshes when the reduced integration is employed for the isogeometric free vibration analysis of shear deformable beams and plates,in comparison with the ultimate fourth order accuracy as the meshes are progressively refined.Furthermore,the mesh size threshold for the coarse mesh superconvergence is provided as well.The proposed theoretical results are consistently proved by numerical experiments.

关键词： Isogeometric analysis Mindlin–Reissner plate Frequency accuracy Quadratic spline Reduced integration Coarse mesh superconvergence

A Clinical Observation Report on Prenatal Management and Postnatal Treatment of Congenital Granular Cell Epulis

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Maternal-Fetal Medicine 2024年第2期6卷 102-105页

作者： Feng Qin Xiaochuan xu Yong Yang Qiong Li Ting Huang Xiaoyan Chen xiaolan Chen Yamin Liu Gongli Chen Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Chongqing Health Center for Women and ChildrenWomen and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 401147China Department of Pathology Chongqing Health Center for Women and ChildrenWomen and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 401147China.

Introduction Congenital granular cell epulis(CGCE)is a rare,benign tumor that manifests on the mucosal surface of the alveolar ridge in newborns.It was initially described by Neumann in 1871 and has been referred to by various names such as congenital epulis,congenital epulis of the newborn,and congenital granular cell tumor.1 Documentation on larger tumors is limited and reported diameters vary.2 Diagnosis necessitates histological examination and immunohistochemical staining,typically revealing negative immunoreactivity for S-100 and cluster of differentiation 68(CD68).3,4 This article presents a case of CGCE with weakly positive S-100 and CD68 staining,alongside a relatively large size.Additionally,it conducts a literature review on diverse aspects,encompassing multidisciplinary prenatal diagnosis,antenatal management,choice of delivery mode during childbirth,and postnatal treatment,with the objective of augmenting clinicians’comprehension of the ailment.The study adhered to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and obtained informed consent from the patient and approval from the medical ethics committee of Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children.

关键词： Congenital epulis Fetal Immunohistochemical Prenatal management Postnatal treatment

Flexible 2 × 2 multiple access visible light communication system based on an integrated parallel GaN/InGaN micro-photodetector array module

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Photonics Research 2024年第4期12卷 793-803页

作者： ZENGYI xu XIANHAO LIN ZHITENG LUO QIANYING LIN JIANLI ZHANG GUANGxu WANG xiaolan WANG FENGYI JIANG ZIWEI LI JIANYANG SHI JUNWEN ZHANG CHAO SHEN NAN CHI Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves(MoE) Department of Communication Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China National Institute of LED on Silicon Substrate Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330096China

In recent studies, visible light communication(VLC) has been predicted to be a prospective technique in the future 6G communication systems. To suit the trend of exponentially growing connectivity, researchers have intensively studied techniques that enable multiple access(MA) in VLC systems, such as the MIMO system based on LED devices to support potential applications in the Internet of Things(IoT) or edge computing in the nextgeneration access network. However, their transmission rate is limited due to the intrinsic bandwidth of LED.Unfortunately, the majority of visible light laser communication (VLLC) research with beyond 10 Gb/s data rates concentrates on point-to-point links, or using discrete photodetector(PD) devices instead of an integrated array PD. In this paper, we demonstrated an integrated PD array device fabricated with a Si-substrated GaN/InGaN multiple-quantum-well(MQW) structure, which has a 4 × 4 array of 50 μm × 50 μm micro-PD units with a common cathode and anode. This single-integrated array successfully provides access for two different transmitters simultaneously in the experiment, implementing a 2 × 2 MIMO-VLLC link at 405 nm. The highest data rate achieved is 13.2 Gb/s, and the corresponding net data rate(NDR) achieved is 12.27 Gb/s after deducing the FEC overhead, using 2.2 GHz bandwidth and superposed PAM signals. Furthermore, we assess the Huffman-coded coding scheme, which brings a fine-grain adjustment in access capacity and enhances the overall data throughput when the user signal power varies drastically due to distance, weather, or other challenges in the channel condition. As far as we know, this is the first demonstration of multiple visible light laser source access based on a single integrated GaN/InGaN receiver module.

关键词： communication visible light

Riverine sulfate sources and behaviors in arid environment,Northwest China:Constraints from sulfur and oxygen isotopes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 716-731页

作者： Yifu xu Wenjing Liu Bing xu Zhifang xu Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Innovation Academy for Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The fate of riverine sulfate ion (SO_(4)^(2-)) and its environmental effects in arid environment are difficult to evaluate due to its complicated sources and strongly coupled behaviors with water cycle which is significantly modified by humans.To understand the sulfur cycle in aquatic systems in arid environment,the chemical and sulfur and oxygen isotopic compositions (δ^(34)S_(SO4)and δ^(18)O_(SO4)) of major rivers around the Badain Jaran Desert,northwestern China,were investigated.These rivers had averaged SO_(4)^(2-)content at 1336μmol/L,over 10times higher than the global average.The δ^(34)S_(SO4)and δ^(18)O_(SO4)values ranged from-5.3‰to+11.8‰and+1.6‰to+12.8‰,respectively.The end-member analysis and the inverse model showed that riverine sulfate was mainly derived from evaporites dissolution (0-87%),sulfide oxidation (13%-100%) and precipitation (0-33%),indicating heterogeneity in sulfur sources and behaviors along the river drainage with the lithology variations and climate gradients.Multiple isotopic tools combining with hydro-chemistry compositions could be applied to reveal sulfur cycle in arid environment.Based on the calculation,sulfide oxidation plays the primary role in the headwater and upstream in the Qilian-Mountains area,where sulfide is widely exposed.While the proportion of evaporites dissolution contributing to riverine sulfate is much higher in downstream in a drier environment.Besides,less precipitation and higher temperature can lead to more intensive evaporation,affecting the process of sulfide oxidation and enhancing the rates of evaporites dissolution and sulfate precipitation in the basin.

关键词： Sulfur and oxygen isotopes Source apportionment Inverse model Arid environment Inland rivers Northwestern China

Biohythane production from two-stage anaerobic digestion of food waste:A review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 334-349页

作者： Xiaona An Ying xu Xiaohu Dai State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China

The biotransformation of food waste(FW)to bioenergy has attracted considerable research attention as a means to address the energy crisis and waste disposal problems.To this end,a promising technique is two-stage anaerobic digestion(TSAD),in which the FW is transformed to biohythane,a gaseous mixture of biomethane and biohydrogen.This review summarises the main characteristics of FW and describes the basic principle of TSAD.Moreover,the factors influencing the TSAD performance are identified,and an overview of the research status;economic aspects;and strategies such as pre-treatment,co-digestion,and regulation of microbial consortia to increase the biohythane yield from TSAD is provided.Additionally,the challenges and future considerations associated with the treatment of FW by TSAD are highlighted.This paper can provide valuable reference for the improvement and widespread implementation of TSAD-based FW treatment.

关键词： Two-stage anaerobic digestion(TSAD) Food waste(FW) Methane production Hydrogen production

Identification of high oxygen-consuming substances in stormwater drainage systems illicitly connected with sewage system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 132-140页

作者： Chen xu Zuxin xu Wenhai Chu Shanshan Wu Rong Xiao Lei Su State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Guangzhou Resource Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd.Guangzhou 510030China

The dissolved oxygen content in water is an important indicator for assessing the quality of the water environment,and maintaining a certain amount of dissolved oxygen is essential for the healthy development of the ecological environment.When a water body is anoxic,the activity of anaerobic microorganisms increases and organic matter is decomposed to produce a large number of blackening and odorizing substances,resulting in black and odorous water bodies,which is a very common and typical phenomenon in China.Presently,there is still a relatively universal occurrence of illicitly connected stormwater and sewage pipes in the urban drainage pipe network in China,which makes oxygen-consuming substances be directly discharged into rivers through stormwater pipes and consume the dissolved oxygen in the water bodies,resulting in an oxygen deficiency of the water.This induces seasonal or year-round black and stink phenomena in urban rivers.Hence,identifying high oxygen-consuming substances,which lays the foundation for the subsequent removal of oxygen-consuming substances,is essential.Through a series of comparisons of water quality indicators and analysis of organic characteristics,it was found that the oxygen consumption capacity of domestic sewage was higher than that of industrial wastewater in the selected area of this study,and the oxygen-consuming substances of domestic sewage were small molecular amino acids.By comparing 20 conventional free amino acids,it was found that seven of them consumed oxygen easily,and compared with chemical oxygen consumption,biological oxygen consumption was in a leading position.

关键词： Urban drainage system Oxygen-consuming substances Domestic sewage Amino acid

Aldehyde oxidase mediated enantioselective metabolic health risk of dinotefuran

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第6期67卷 2079-2091页

作者： Liwei xu Xinxin xu Hua Kuang Chuanlai xu Xiaoling Wu State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources Jiangnan UniversityWuxi214122China International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection and School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi214122China Collaborative Innovation center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province Jiangnan UniversityWuxi214122China

Chiral pollutants often pose significant differential environmental health risks.In this study,the biotransformation of chiral dinotefuran(DIN)and its enantioselective metabolic toxicity mechanisms have been systemically investigated.Firstly,reversedphase chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry was developed to quantify the content of DIN R/S chiral enantiomer with pg level sensitivity,revealing a lower elimination rate constant(K_(e))of S-DIN(0.730 h^(-1))than R-DIN(0.746 h^(-1)).Secondly,the interaction mechanism between DIN metabolism and important endogenous bioactive molecules,such as aldehyde oxidase(AOX)and neurotransmitters,was revealed.The DIN nitro-group was converted into a guanidine group by the reducing site of nearby flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD)in AOX with the preferred higher affinity of S-configuration.Meanwhile,the endogenous tryptophan(Trp)aldehyde metabolic intermediate,5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde(5-HIAL),provides a persistent electron donor for DIN reduction via the oxidation-catalyzed site in AOX,resulting in remarkable up-regulation of monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine.Thirdly,the higher level of neurotransmitters further mediated dysregulation of oxylipin homeostasis via the serotonergic pathway,where S-DIN exhibited more pronounced liver lipid damage and environmental health risk with the accumulated lipid biomarkers,oxidized triglyceride(OxTG)and oxidized sphingomyelin(OxSM).This study elucidates the AOX-mediated enantioselectivity metabolic pathway of DIN,providing a new analytical method for chiral pollutants and paves the way for their health risk assessments.

关键词： neonicotinoid dinotefuran enantiomer aldehyde oxidase metabolomics health risk