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Hypoglycemic natural products with in vivo activities and their mechanisms:a review

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2022年第5期11卷 1087-1100页

作者： Wenyi Ma Longgao Xiao Haiyang Liu Xiaojiang Hao State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal ChemistryKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Diabetes mellitus(DM) is a metabolic disorder disease,and the number of diabetic patients will reach 578 million by 2030 predictably.Currently,8 classes of small molecular drugs are used for treating diabetes.However,these drugs cannot completely meet patients ’ needs,due to diabetic complications need to be addressed along with diabetes,such as nephropathy,and cardiovascular diseases.Besides,more types of drugs need to be provided for more choices.Hence,scientists still seek lead compounds with hypoglycemic effects.Natural products(NPs) are a reservoir of diverse structures and bioactivities with low toxicity and less side effects.And some of them show effects on diabetic complications,which is a significant idea for drug development.This review aims to summarize natural products with hypoglycemic effects and their details,such as potential mechanisms,biological data,and particularly their advantages in treating diabetes.Considering the huge number of NPs was reported with anti-diabetic activity,and some of them need to be re-validated,this review focuses on the bioactive compounds with in vivo activities.In the end,the trend of natural products treating diabetes was discussed.We hope this review provide a comprehensive and convincing summary,thus lending support to anti-diabetic natural products research.

关键词： Diabetes Natural products Hypoglycemic effects Mechanism

Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants from the Dragon Boat Festival herbal markets of Qianxinan, southwestern Guizhou, China

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Plant Diversity 2020年第6期42卷 427-433页

作者： Wei Gu Xiaojiang Hao Zehuan Wang Jiayu Zhang Liejun Huang Shengji Pei State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang550014China The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province Chinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang550014China Department of Chinese Medicine Resources and Development College of PharmacyGuizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyang550025China Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China

Dragon Boat Festival herbal markets in the Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of southwestern Guizhou have a long well-conserved history.These markets,which are a feature of Buyi and Miao traditional medicines,contain a rich diversity of medicinal plants and traditional medical knowledge.Today,people in southwestern Guizhou still believe that using herbs during the Dragon Boat Festival prevents and can treat disease.In this study,we identified the fresh herbal plants sold at the herbal markets of Xingren City and Zhenfeng County in Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture and quantified their importance.We identified 141 plant species(belonging to 114 genera and 61 families).The plant family with the most species was Asteraceae(14 species).Informants reported that most medicinal plants are herbaceous,with 95.7%of plants used for decoction and 30.5%used for medicinal baths.Medicinal plants are most commonly used to treat rheumatism,injury,and abdominal diseases.The utilization frequency index and relative importance values indicated that Artemisia argyi and Acorus calamus are the most important plants sold at herbal markets during the Dragon Boat Festival.The price of medicinal materials sold in the market may serve as an indicator of the conservation status of species in the region.These findings indicate that the Dragon Boat Festival herbal markets in the Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture fully embodies the characteristics of indigenous ethnomedicine and culture,and also exhibits the diversity of plant resources.We recommend that rare and endangered plants in this region be domesticated and protected.

关键词： Herbal markets Dragon boat festival Ethnobotanical study Qianxinan buyi and miao autonomous prefecture Traditional knowledge

Nutritional values， bioactive compounds and health benefits of purslane(Portulaca oleracea L.): a comprehensive review

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年

作者： Yanxi Li Longgao Xiao Huan Yan Mingyi Wu Xiaojiang Hao Haiyang Liu State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory

Portulaca oleracea L.， commonly known as purslane， is a worldwide weed species belonging to the family Portulacaceae and has been known as “Global Panacea”. As one of the most widely consumed green vegetable and medicinal plants around the world， it has recently been re-evaluated as a potential “new crop” due to the properties that differentiate it as one of the best vegetable sources of omega-3 fatty acid (α-linolenic acid)， as well as a variety of nutrients and phytochemicals. Accordingly， emerging research has found that purslane exhibits health-promoting properties like anti-inflammatory， anti-hyperglycemic， antioxidant， neuroprotective， and immunomodulatory. These findings suggest that this species possesses a potential using as a dietary supplement beyond potherb and traditional medicine. This review systematically summarizes the up-to-date research carried out on purslane， which includes the nutritional compositions， bioactive compounds， and health benefits it exerts as well as limitations， challenges， and future directions of research. Finally， we hope that this review would provide purslane with a comprehensive reference and future scope as functional and health-promoting food for disease prevention and treatment.

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Review on Dietary Supplements as an Effective Improvement of Alzheimer’s Disease: Focus on Structures and Mechanisms

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年

作者： Sheng Li Yinling Wei Zhenzhen Liang Lingli Guo Xiaojiang Hao Yu Zhang State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University

Alzheimer’s disease (AD)， the major form of neurodegenerative diseases that can severely impede normal cognitive function， makes it one of the most common fatal diseases. There are currently over 50 million AD patients worldwide. The neuropathology of AD is perplexing and there is a scarcity of disease-modifying treatments. Currently， early diagnosis of AD has been made possible with the discovery of biological markers associated with pathology， providing strong support for the improvement of the disease status. The search for inhibitors of AD markers from dietary supplements (DSs) has become a major hot topic. Especially with the widespread use of DSs， DSs containing polyphenols， alkaloids， terpenes， polysaccharides and other bioactive components can prevent AD by reducing Aβ deposition， inhibiting tau protein hyperphosphorylation， reconstructing synaptic dysfunction， weakening cholinesterase activity， regulating mitochondrial oxidative stress， neuronal inflammation and apoptosis. This review summarizes the anti-AD effects of the main DSs and their bioactive constituents， as well as the potential molecular mechanisms covers from 2017 to 2023. Additionally， we discussed the opportunities and challenges faced by DSs in the process of AD prevention and treatment， aiming to further provide new perspectives for functional food development.

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Elevational patterns of warming effects on plant community and topsoil properties: focus on subalpine meadows ecosystem

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 146-159页

作者： hao Aihua LUO Zhengming CHEN xiaojiang Department of Geography Xinzhou Normal UniversityXinzhou 034000China Department of Biological Sciences Xinzhou Normal UniversityXinzhou 034000China

Climate warming profoundly affects plant biodiversity, community productivity, and soil properties in alpine and subalpine grassland ecosystems. However, these effects are poorly understood across elevational gradients in subalpine meadow ecosystems. To reveal the elevational patterns of warming effects on plant biodiversity, community structure, productivity, and soil properties, we conducted a warming experiment using open-top chambers from August 2019 to August 2022 at high(2764 m a. s. l.), medium(2631 m a. s. l.), and low(2544 m a. s. l.) elevational gradients on a subalpine meadow slope of Mount Wutai, Northern China. Our results showed that three years of warming significantly increased topsoil temperature but significantly decreased topsoil moisture at all elevations(P<0.05), and the percentage of increasing temperature and decreasing moisture both gradually raised with elevation lifting. Warming-induced decreasing proportions of soil organic carbon(SOC, by 19.24%), and total nitrogen(TN, by 24.56%) were the greatest at high elevational gradients. Experimental warming did not affect topsoil C: N, p H, NO_(3)^(-)-N, or NH_(4)^(+)-N at the three elevational gradients. Warming significantly increased species richness(P<0.01) and Shannon-Weiner index(P<0.05) at low elevational gradients but significantly decreased belowground biomass(P<0.05) at a depth of 0–10 cm at three elevational gradients. Warming caused significant increases in the aboveground biomass in the three elevational plots. Warming significantly increased the aboveground biomass of graminoids in medium(by 92.47%) and low(by 98.25%) elevational gradients, that of sedges in high(by 72.44%) and medium(by 57.16%) elevational plots, and that of forbs in high(by 75.88%), medium(by 34.38%), and low(by 74.95%) elevational plots. Species richness had significant linear correlations with SOC, TN, and C: N(P<0.05), but significant nonlinear responses to soil temperature and soil moisture in the warmed treatment(P<0.05). The warmed aboveground biomass had

关键词： Warming effect Plant diversity pattern Community structure change Elevation gradient Alpine meadow ecosystem Mount Wutai

Intermittent Fault Diagnosability of Interconnection Networks

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2017年第6期32卷 1279-1287页

作者： Jia-Rong Liang hao Feng xiaojiang Du School of Computer and Electronic Information Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China Department of Computer and Information Sciences Temple University Philadelphia PA 19122 U.S.A.

An interconnection network＇s diagnosability is an important metric for measuring its self-diagnostic capability. Permanent fault and intermittent fault are two different fault models that exist in an interconnection network. In this paper, we focus on the problem pertaining to the diagnosability of interconnection networks in an intermittent fault situation. First, we study a class of interconnection networks called crisp three-cycle networks, in which the Chin-number （the number of common vertices each pair of vertices share） is no more than one. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the diagnosability of crisp three-cycle networks under the PMC （Preparata, Metze, and Chien） model. A simple check can show that many well-known intereonnection networks are crisp three-cycle networks. Second, we prove that an intereonnection network S is a ti-fault diagnosable system without repair if and only if its minimum in-degree is greater than ti under the BGM （Barsi, Grandoni, and Masetrini） model. Finally, we extend the necessary and sufficient conditions to determine whether an interconnection network S is ti-fault diagnosable without repair under the MM （Maeng and Malek） model from the permanent fault situation to the intermittent fault situation.

关键词： diagnosability intermittent fault PMC(Preparata,Metze,and Chien)model BGM(Barsi,Grandoni,and Masetrini)model MM(Maeng and Malek)model

Review on dietary supplements as an effective improvement of Alzheimer's disease:focus on structures and mechanisms

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 1787-1805页

作者： Sheng Li Yinling Wei Zhenzhen Liang Lingli Guo Xiaojiang Hao Yu Zhang State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang 110016China

Alzheimer’s disease(AD),the major form of neurodegenerative diseases that can severely impede normal cognitive function,makes it one of the most common fatal diseases.There are currently over 50 million AD patients worldwide.The neuropathology of AD is perplexing and there is a scarcity of disease-modifying treatments.Currently,early diagnosis of AD has been made possible with the discovery of biological markers associated with pathology,providing strong support for the improvement of the disease status.The search for inhibitors of AD markers from dietary supplements(DSs)has become a major hot topic.Especially with the widespread use of DSs,DSs containing polyphenols,alkaloids,terpenes,polysaccharides and other bioactive components can prevent AD by reducing Aβdeposition,inhibiting tau protein hyperphosphorylation,reconstructing synaptic dysfunction,weakening cholinesterase activity,regulating mitochondrial oxidative stress,neuronal inflammation and apoptosis.This review summarizes the anti-AD effects of the main DSs and their bioactive constituents,as well as the potential molecular mechanisms covers from 2017 to 2023.Additionally,we discussed the opportunities and challenges faced by DSs in the process of AD prevention and treatment,aiming to further provide new perspectives for functional food development.

关键词： Dietary supplements Bioactive ingredients Alzheimer’s disease Mechanism of action

Bioassay-guided isolation of α-Glucosidase inhibitory constituents from Hypericum sampsonii

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2023年第6期21卷 443-453页

作者： TAO Linlan XU Shuangyu ZHANG Zizhen LI Yanan YANG Jue GU Wei YI Ping hao xiaojiang YUAN Chunmao State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550014China School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550025China Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province Guiyang 550014China State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China

This study employed the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity model as an anti-diabetic assay and implemented a bioactivity-guided isolation strategy to identify novel natural compounds with potential therapeutic properties.Hypericum sampsonii was investigated,leading to the isolation of two highly modified seco-polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols(PPAPs)(1 and 2),eight phenolic derivatives(3-10),and four terpene derivatives(11-14).The structures of compounds 1 and 2,featuring an unprecedented octahydro-2H-chromen-2-one ring system,were fully characterized using extensive spectroscopic data and quantum chemistry calculations.Six compounds(1,5-7,9,and 14)exhibited potential inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase,with IC_(50) values ranging from 0.050±0.0016 to 366.70±11.08μg·mL^(-1).Notably,compound 5(0.050±0.0016μg·mL^(-1))was identified as the most potential α-glucosidase inhibitor,with an inhibitory effect about 6900 times stronger than the positive control,acarbose(IC_(50)=346.63±15.65μg·mL^(-1)).A docking study was conducted to predict molecular interactions between two compounds(1 and 5)and α-glucosidase,and the hypothetical biosynthetic pathways of the two unprecedented seco-PPAPs were proposed.

关键词： Hypericum sampsonii Chemical constituents Structure elucidation α-Glucosidase Molecular docking

The application and perspective of NMR and MS based strategies for functional compounds mining in medicinal and dietary plants

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Bodou Zhang Sheng Li Zhenzhen Liang Yinling Wei Jing Dong Hongyan Wen Lingli Guo Xiaojiang Hao Yu Zhang University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences

Medicinal and dietary plants provide numerous nutritional and functional compounds and also have various potential health benefits to humanity. The specific and efficient techniques for accurate identification of nutritional compounds and functional metabolites is crucial for the development of functional foods from medicinal and dietary plants. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) are indispensable and essential technologies that provide an unsurpassed wealth of untargeted identification， quantitative and qualitative analysis， and structural information in the study of food and plant products. In the past decade， the rapid development of modern analytical technology has led to the emergence of new approaches and strategies for natural products discovery. Especially the application of novel NMR- and MS-based identification and dereplication strategies aided by artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms have brought about a significant shift in the natural products discovery process. These developments and changes in the natural products filed have given us insights into how to accurately target and mining nutritional， functional， and bioactive compounds. Thus， we have summarized recent research on novel NMR and MS based strategies and methods focusing on functional compounds， accurate identification and efficient discovery mainly in medicinal and dietary plants. This review could provide a comprehensive perspective for a better understanding of novel strategies and methods based on NMR and MS technologies， which could provide valuable insights and ideas for functional compounds mining.

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