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Assessment and improvement of Noah-MP for simulating water and heat exchange over alpine grassland in growing season

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第3期65卷 536-552页

作者： Shuang SUN Donghai ZHENG Shaomin LIU Ziwei XU Tongren XU Hui ZHENG xiaofan yang State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China National Tibetan Plateau Data Center(TPDC) State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS Key Laboratory ofRegional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia Institute ofAtmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Alpine grassland is the main ecosystem of the Tibetan Plateau(TP),thus accurate simulation of water and heat exchange in the grassland will significantly enhance the understanding of the land-atmosphere interaction process on the TP.In this study,we assessed and improved the ensemble numerical simulations of the community Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options(Noah-MP)by using observations collected from four alpine grassland observation sites.The four observation sites belong to the upper Heihe River Basin Integrated Observatory Network located in the northeastern part of the TP.First,an ensemble of 1008 numerical simulation experiments,based on multiparameterization options of seven physical processes/variables in the Noah-MP,was carried out for the vegetation growing season.The Taylor skill score was then used to assess the model performance and select the optimal combination of parameterization options for a more exact simulation of the water and heat exchange in alpine grassland.The accuracy of Noah-MP simulation was further improved by introducing new parameterizations of thermal roughness length,soil hydraulic properties,and vertical root distribution.It was found that:(1)Simulation of water and heat exchange over alpine grassland in the growing season was mainly affected by the parameterizations of dynamic vegetation,canopy stomatal resistance,runoff and groundwater dynamics,and surface exchange coefficient for heat transfer.Selection of different parameterization options for these four physical processes/variables led to large differences in the simulation of water and heat fluxes.(2)The optimal combination of parameterization options selected in the current Noah-MP framework suffered from significant overestimation of sensible heat flux(H)and underestimation of soil moisture(θ)at all observation sites.(3)The overestimation of H was significantly improved by introducing a new parameterization of thermal roughness length.Furthermore,the underestimation ofθwas resolved by introducing a

关键词： Noah-MP land surface model Alpine grassland Ensemble numerical experiments Parameterization options Parameterization improvement

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A comprehensive review on coupled processes and mechanisms of soil-vegetation-hydrology, and recent research advances

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第11期65卷 2083-2114页

作者： Zhongkai LI Xiaoyan LI Sha ZHOU xiaofan yang Yongshuo FU Chiyuan MIAO Shuai WANG Guanghui ZHANG Xiuchen WU Chao yang Yuanhong DENG State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Natural Resources Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability Qinghai Normal UniversityXining 810016China School of Geographical Sciences Qinghai Normal UniversityXining 810016China College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Research on the coupling of soil,vegetation,and hydrological processes is not only a research hotspot in disciplines such as pedology,ecohydrology and Earth system science but also important for achieving sustainable development.However,scientists from different disciplines usually study the coupling mechanism of soil-vegetation-hydrological processes at very different space and time scales,and the mechanistic connections between different scales are quite few.This article reviewed research advances in coupled soil-vegetation-hydrological processes at different spatial scales—from leaf stomata to watershed and regional scales—and summarized the spatial upscaling methods and modeling approaches of coupled soil-vegetationhydrological processes.We identify and summarize the following coupling processes:(1)carbon-water exchange in leaf stomata and root-soil interface;(2)changes in soil aggregates and profile hydraulic properties caused by plant roots and water movement;(3)precipitation and soil moisture redistribution by plant canopy and root;(4)interactions between vegetation patches and local hydrological process;(5)links between plant community succession and soil development;and(6)links between watershed/regional water budget and vegetation phenology and production.Meanwhile,the limitations and knowledge gaps in the observations,mechanisms,scaling methods,and modeling approaches of coupled soil-vegetation-hydrological processes were analyzed.To achieve a deep integration of various coupling processes across different spatiotemporal scales,future work should strengthen multiscale,multifactor and multiprocess soil-vegetation-hydrology coupling observations and mechanism studies,develop new scaling methods,identify different feedback pathways,and take time-variable plant behavior and soil hydraulic properties into account during modeling.

关键词： Ecohydrological process Soil process Plant-soil feedback Modeling approaches Scaling method

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Vehicular volatile organic compounds losses due to refueling and diurnal process in China: 2010–2050

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第7期27卷 88-96页

作者： xiaofan yang Huan Liu Hongyang Cui Hanyang Man Mingliang Fu Jiming Hao Kebin He School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality

Volatile organic compounds（VOCs） are crucial to control air pollution in major Chinese cities since VOCs are the dominant factor influencing ambient ozone level, and also an important precursor of secondary organic aerosols. Vehicular evaporative emissions have become a major and growing source of VOC emissions in China. This study consists of lab tests, technology evaluation, emissions modeling, policy projections and cost-benefit analysis to draw a roadmap for China for controlling vehicular evaporative emissions. The analysis suggests that evaporative VOC emissions from China＇s light-duty gasoline vehicles were approximately 185,000 ton in 2010 and would peak at 1,200,000 ton in 2040 without control. The current control strategy implemented in China, as shown in business as usual（BAU） scenario, will barely reduce the long-term growth in emissions. Even if Stage II gasoline station vapor control policies were extended national wide（BAU ＋ extended Stage II）, there would still be over 400,000 ton fuel loss in 2050. In contrast, the implementation of on-board refueling vapor recovery（ORVR） on new cars could reduce 97.5% of evaporative VOCs by 2050（BAU ＋ ORVR/BAU ＋ delayed ORVR）. According to the results, a combined Stage II and ORVR program is a comprehensive solution that provides both short-term and long-term benefits. The net cost to achieve the optimal total evaporative VOC control is approximately 62 billion CNY in 2025 and 149 billion CNY in 2050.

关键词： Evaporative VOC emissions China roadmap Vehicle Refueling emission control

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Increased serum IL-10 in lupus patients promotes apoptosis of T cell subsets via the caspase 8 pathway initiated by Fas signaling

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2015年第3期29卷 232-240页

作者： xiaofan yang Bin Sun Huijuan Wang Cheng Yin Xiaole Wang Xiaohui Ji Department of Microbiology and Immunology Nanjing Medical University Department of Nephrology the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University

We sought to investigate the expression of Fas and FasL on T cell surface and caspase 8 involvement in T cell apoptosis promoted by serum IL-10 in systemic lupus erythematosus （SLE） patients. Cells and sera were obtained from 35 SLE patients. Apoptosis of T cells in patients with SLE was increased and associated with the SLE disease activity index （SLEDAI）. Elevated expression of Fas and FasL on T cell surface contributed to increased apoptosis of T cells. Increased IL-10 in the sera of SLE patients was capable of inducing Fas and FasL expression on CD4^＋T cell surface, promoting apoptosis of this cell subset. Decreased IL-10 serum levels and low expression of Fas were found in 5 patients of the first follow-up group after 2-month treatment. In another group with one-year treatment, the SLEDAI declined to inactive scores. Serum IL-10 was decreased significantly, and expression of Fas and FasL on T cells was also reduced. Declined apoptosis was predominant only in CD4^＋T cell subset. When sera with high level of IL-10 were used to culture PBMCs from healthy controls, activated caspase 8 was elevated in CD3^＋T, CD4^＋T and CD8^＋T cells. The study showed that serum IL-10 induced apoptosis of T cell subsets via the caspase 8 pathway initiated by Fas signaling. Increased apoptosis of T cells contributes to autoantigen burden, which is pathogenic in the development of SLE.

关键词： apoptosis T cell lupus erythematosus systemic

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A potent human monoclonal antibody with pan-neutralizing activities directly dislocates S trimer of SARS-CoV-2 through binding both up and down forms of RBD

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第5期7卷 1644-1656页

作者： Xiaofei Wang Ao Hu Xiangyu Chen Yixin Zhang Fei Yu Shuai Yue Arong Li Junsong Zhang Zhiwei Pan yang yang Yao Lin Leiqiong Gao Jing Zhou Jing Zhao Fang Li Yaling Shi Feng Huang xiaofan yang Yi Peng Luoyang Tu Huan Zhang Huanying Zheng Jun He Hui Zhang Lifan Xu Qizhao Huang Yongqun Zhu Kai Deng Lilin Ye Institute of Human Virology Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of EducationZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Department of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine and Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang University310058 HangzhouChina The MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis&Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology Life Sciences InstituteZhejiang University310058 HangzhouZhejiangChina School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology Southern Medical University510515 GuangzhouGuangdongChina Institute of Cancer Xinqiao HospitalThird Military Medical University400038 ChongqingChina Medical Research Center Guangdong Provincial People’s HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina Institute of Immunology PLAThird Military Medical University400038 ChongqingChina Biomedical Analysis Center Third Military Medical University400038 ChongqingChina Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention GuangzhouChina Center for Cell Lineage and Development Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has caused a global pandemic of novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19).The neutralizing monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)targeting the receptor-binding domain(RBD)of SARS-CoV-2 are among the most promising strategies to prevent and treat COVID-19.However,SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern(VOCs)profoundly reduced the efficacies of most of mAbs and vaccines approved for clinical use.Herein,we demonstrated mAb 35B5 efficiently neutralizes both wild-type(WT)SARS-CoV-2 and VOCs.

关键词： monoclonal neutral acute

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Lactobacillus isolates from healthy volunteers exert immunomodulatory effects on activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2013年第2期27卷 116-126页

作者： Keyi Sun Chao Xie Donghua Xu xiaofan yang James Tang Xiaohui Ji Department of Microbiology and Immunology Nanjing Medical University Cultech Limited Unit 2 Christchurch Road Baglan Industrial Park

As probiotics in the gut, Lactobacilli are believed to play important roles in the development and maintenance of both the mucosal and systemic immune system of the host. This study was aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory function of candiate lactobacilli on T cells. Lactobacilli were isolated from healthy human feces and the microbiological characteristics were identified by API 50 CHL and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） assays. Anti-CD3 antibody activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） were treated by viable, heat-killed lactobacilli and genomic DNA of lactobacilli, and cytokine profiles were tested by ELISA. Isolated lactobacilli C44 and C48 were identified as L. acidophilus and L. paracacei, which have properties of acid and bile tolerance and inhibitor effects on pathogens. Viable and heat-killed C44 and C48 induced low levels of proinflammatory cytokines （TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-8） and high levels of IFN-y and IL-12p70 in PBMCs. In anti- CD3 antibody activated PBMCs, viable and heat-killed C44 increased Th2 cytokine levels （IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10）, and simultaneously enhanced Thl responses by inducing IFN-y and IL-12p70 production. Different from that of lactabacillus strains, their genomic DNA induced low levels of IL-12p70, IFN-y and proinflammatory cytokines in PBMCs with or without anti-CD3 antibody activation. These results provided in vitro evidence that the genomic DNA of strains of C44 and C48, especially C44, induced weaker inflammation, and may be potentially applied for treating allergic diseases.

关键词： lactobacilli probiotics Thl Th2 cytokine immuno-modulation

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Pathological significance and regulatory mechanism of lymphotoxin β receptor overexpression in T cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2018年第2期32卷 113-122页

作者： Cheng Yin Xubing Cai Huijuan Wang Bingjie Gu xiaofan yang Rong Zhang Xiaohui Ji Department of Immunology Basic Medical School Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu 211166 China Red Cross Blood Center Nanjing Jiangsu 210003 China Rheumatology Department of Nanjing First Hospital Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu 210006 China

Systemic lupus erythematosus（SLE） is a typical autoimmune disease. Lymphotoxin β receptor（LTβR） signaling plays an important role in autoimmune inflammations. LTβR-Ig fusion protein, LTβR blocking agent, has been used to treat SLE, while its mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, to investigate the expression of LTβR in the T cells of SLE patients and its roles in the pathogenesis of SLE, we isolated the peripheral blood T cells of SLE patients and normal controls to detect expression of LTβR by flow cytometry and RNA assay. T cells were also stimulated with LIGHT, a ligand of LTβR, and then detected for their LTβR expressions and apoptosis by flow cytometry. Also, their expressions of inflammatory factors and receptors were determined by RNA assay. The results showed that LTβR positive cells were 22.75%±6.98% in CD3~＋ cells of SLE patients, while there were almost no LTβR positive cells in CD3~＋ cells of normal persons. Moreover, LTβR expression was remarkably higher in CD3,CD4 and CD8 positive T cells of active SLE patients than non/low active patients（all P〈0.05）, and positively correlated with increased Ig level, decreased complement level and renal damage. Moreover, the stimulation of SLE T cells with LIGHT promoted higher expression of LTβR, IL-23 R and IL-17 A, and apoptosis of T cells. In conclusion,we demonstrated a high expression of LTβR in the T cells of SLE patients which may be associated with pathogenesis of SLE.

关键词： lupus erythematosus systemic（SLE） lymphotoxin β receptor（LTβR） interleukin-17（IL-17） interleukin-23 receptor（IL-23R）

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In-situ construction of amorphous/crystalline contact Bi_(2)S_(3)/Bi_(4)O_(7) heterostructures for enhanced visible-light photocatalysis

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2021年第8期32卷 2539-2543页

作者： Feihu Mu Benlin Dai Wei Zhao xiaofan yang Xiaolong Zhao Xujing Guo Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental ProtectionSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuaiyin Normal UniversityHuaian 223300China Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong KongHong KongChina College of Resources and Environment Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China

Constructing a heterojunction photocatalyst is a significant method to enhance photocatalytic activity because it can promote the separation of photogene rated carriers.Herein,amorphous/crystalline contact Bi_(2)S_(3)/Bi_(4)0_(7) heterostructure was successfully synthesized by in-situ sulfidation of Bi407.The amorphous Bi_(2)S_(3) is diffused on the surface of Bi_(4)0_(7) rod,enhancing the visible light response and improving the transport of photogene rated carriers.Various characterizations confirm that the rapid separation of photogene rated carriers leads to increased photocatalytic performance.The optimized Bi_(2)S_(3)/Bi_(4)O_(7) heterostructure photocatalyst(BiS-0.15) exhibits the highest Cr(Ⅵ) reduction(0.01350 min^(-1)) and RhB oxidation(0.08011 min^(-1)) activity,which is much higher than that of pure Bi_(4)0_(7) and mixture under visible light irradiation.This work provides new insights into the construction of efficient novel photocatalysts.

关键词： Photocatalysis Cr(Ⅵ)reduction Heterojunction Bismuth-based oxide Bismuth-based sulfide

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AWE型列车自动清洗机软化水处理装置改造研究

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冶金设备管理与维修 2024年第2期42卷 15-16,19页

作者：杨晓帆南宁轨道交通运营有限责任公司广西南宁530029

针对AWE型列车自动清洗机软化水处理装置存在易损坏、维护成本高等缺点,对软化水处理装置进行了改造。采用CI电子式水处理器后,降低了设备维护成本、延长了设备使用寿命,达到了降本增效目的。

关键词： AWE型列车自动清洗机软化水处理装置

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超声波结合酶解对玉米淀粉多层级结构及其吸附性能的影响

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食品科学 2024年第5期45卷 174-183页

作者：郁映涛肖刘洋杨晓凡韩富娟韩立宏北方民族大学生物科学与工程学院食品生产与安全协同创新中心宁夏银川750021

为了探索一种有效改善玉米淀粉颗粒吸附性能的处理方法,采用低于淀粉糊化温度的不同温度(0、25、45、65℃)超声波预处理结合α-淀粉酶改性玉米淀粉。结果表明,超声预处理可使淀粉颗粒表面粗糙且出现凹槽;超声预处理后淀粉样品的摩尔质... 详细信息

为了探索一种有效改善玉米淀粉颗粒吸附性能的处理方法,采用低于淀粉糊化温度的不同温度(0、25、45、65℃)超声波预处理结合α-淀粉酶改性玉米淀粉。结果表明,超声预处理可使淀粉颗粒表面粗糙且出现凹槽;超声预处理后淀粉样品的摩尔质量、相对结晶度以及短程分子有序度显著降低(P<0.05);与单一酶处理相比,超声结合酶处理后淀粉样品的比表面积和总孔容积更大,进而使其吸附性能增强;且随着超声预处理温度从0℃升至65℃,超声结合酶处理后淀粉颗粒的吸水率和吸油率分别从114.71%和142.16%提高至144.77%和189.70%。因此,低于淀粉糊化温度的高温超声波结合α-淀粉酶法可作为制备绿色、高效淀粉基吸附剂的有效方法。本研究结果将有助于更好地理解超声波促进淀粉酶解的机理,并为开发高效淀粉基吸附剂提供理论依据。

关键词：玉米淀粉超声处理酶解多层级结构吸附性能

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