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Analytic calculation of magnetic force between two current-carrying coils

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2015年第4期36卷 475-486页

作者： xiaofan gou Jian QIN College of Mechanics and Materials Hohai University

Current-carrying coils are basic elements in electromagnetic equipments, for example, in high field magnets from high temperature superconducting wires or tapes. In the assembly of these systems and their current-carrying operation, unavoidable mis- alignment and shift from the original position can be induced by disturbances such as the imbalance of magnetic force due to safety problems. For two current-carrying coils with non-coplanar axes, the analytic expression of the magnetic force between the two coils is presented according to the rule of Ampere circulation and the Biot-Savart law. Based on the expression, the dependence of the magnetic force on the size and the relative position of each other is further investigated, and the variation of the magnetic force is obtained with the above parameters.

关键词： current-carrying coil non-coplanar axis magnetic force analytic calcula-tion

基于表面曲率依赖的三维纳米多孔金属强度分析

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2024年第1期40卷 54-73页

作者：张永超糜长稳苟晓凡 College of Mechanics and Materials Hohai UniversityNanjing211100China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Engineering Mechanics School of Civil EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China

纳米多孔金属因其显著的表面效应和优异的机械性能而获得广泛认可.受限于理论复杂性,以往对纳米多孔金属的研究往往依赖于简化二维模型.然而,这些简化模型无法准确地刻画纳米多孔金属力学性能,也未能充分捕捉表面效应影响,特别是纳米表... 详细信息

纳米多孔金属因其显著的表面效应和优异的机械性能而获得广泛认可.受限于理论复杂性,以往对纳米多孔金属的研究往往依赖于简化二维模型.然而,这些简化模型无法准确地刻画纳米多孔金属力学性能,也未能充分捕捉表面效应影响,特别是纳米表面曲率依赖性.因此,该研究采用最小能量原理,基于Steigmann-Ogden表面理论,设计了综合考虑纳米多孔材料表面效应的有限元表面单元.利用这种新型表面单元,我们构建不同纳米多孔金属模型,并对其进行单轴拉伸和压缩模拟.研究结果表明,表面弯曲刚度导致材料应变能密度显著增加,从而影响能量吸收率变化趋势.此外,与表面Lamé常数相反,纳米多孔金属杨氏模量受到表面残余应力、表面弯曲模量和加载方向等因素显著影响.所开发的有限元模型为准确预测纳米多孔金属力学性能提供了一种稳健而令人信服的科学方法.

关键词：纳米多孔金属表面效应纳米多孔材料杨氏模量最小能量原理表面曲率能量吸收率应变能密度

A Nonlinear Magneto-Mechanical Coupled Constitutive Model for the Magnetostrictive Material Galfenol

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2018年第3期54卷 209-228页

作者： Ying Xiao Haomiao Zhou xiaofan gou College of Information Engineering China Jiliang UniversityHangzhou310018P.R.China College of Mechanics and Materials Hohai UniversityNanjing210098P.R.China

In order to predict the performance of magnetostrictive smart material and pushits applications in engineering, it is necessary to build the constitutive relations for themagnetostrictive material Galfenol. For Galfenol rods under the action of the pre-stress andmagnetic field along the axial direction, the one-dimensional nonlinear magneto-mechanicalcoupling constitutive model is proposed based on the elastic Gibbs free energy, where theTaylor expansion of the elastic Gibbs free energy is made to obtain the polynomial forms. Andthen the constitutive relations are derived by replacing the polynomial forms with the propertranscendental functions based on the microscopic magneto-mechanical coupling mechanism.From the perspective of microscopic mechanism, the nonlinear strain related to magneticdomain rotation results in magnetostrictive strain changing with the pre-stress among theelastic strains induced by the pre-stress. By comparison, the predicted stress-strain,magnetostrictive strain, magnetic induction and magnetization curves agreed well withexperimental results under the different pre-stresses. The proposed model can describe notonly the influences of pre-stress on magnetostrictive strain and magnetization curves, butalso nonlinear magneto-mechanical coupling effect of magnetostrictive materialsystematically, such as the Young’s modulus varying with stress and magnetic field. In theproposed constitutive model, the key material constants are not chosen to obtain a good fitwith the experimental data, but aremeasured directly by experiments, such as the saturationmagnetization, saturation magnetostrictive coefficient, saturation Young’s modulus, linearmagnetic susceptibility and so on. In addition, the forms of the new constitutive relationsare simpler than the existing constitutive models. Therefore, this model could be appliedconveniently in the engineering applications.

关键词： Magnetostrictive materials one-dimensional constitutive relations galfenolrods nonlinear magneto-mechanical coupling

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超弹-粘弹-损伤仿射微球模型及其应用

固体力学学报 2022年第4期43卷 397-405页

作者：张成苟晓凡肖锐河海大学力学与材料学院南京211100 浙江大学工程力学系杭州310027

硅胶弹性体PDMS,在多个领域有着广泛的应用.为了提高PDMS的力学性质,近期我们在PDMS材料中加入微米尺寸的玻璃微珠,这有效地提高了PDMS的模量.然而,玻璃微珠填充的PDMS材料在循环变形过程中,在第一个加卸载周期出现大的滞回圈,表现出明... 详细信息

硅胶弹性体PDMS,在多个领域有着广泛的应用.为了提高PDMS的力学性质,近期我们在PDMS材料中加入微米尺寸的玻璃微珠,这有效地提高了PDMS的模量.然而,玻璃微珠填充的PDMS材料在循环变形过程中,在第一个加卸载周期出现大的滞回圈,表现出明显的损伤行为,且后续加载过程中仍有稳定的较小的滞回圈,显示出一定的粘弹性特性,此外,卸载后材料有明显的残余应变.针对上述实验发现,论文建立了一个基于仿射假设的微球模型,分子链在各个方向上初始均匀分布,当受到加载后,各个方向上的分子链发生损伤行为和粘弹性松弛机制,导致不同方向的各向异性变形行为.该五参数的本构模型能够描述玻璃微珠填充弹性体的实验现象,包括不同周次循环加载的滞回圈形状以及残余应变的大小.该理论模型能描述各类软材料体系的复杂力学行为,有望为软材料的力学行为的预测提供有力的支撑.

关键词： PDMS复合材料 Mullins效应粘弹性损伤微球模型

基于表面效应三维纳米多孔金属力学性能的有限元分析

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力学学报 2023年第11期55卷 2554-2565页

作者：张永超糜长稳苟晓凡河海大学力学与材料学院南京211100 东南大学土木工程学院南京211102

纳米多孔金属是一类包含大量纳米尺度孔洞的金属材料,孔洞突出的表面效应,使得其具有比传统多孔金属更为优异的力学性能.相对于理论和分子动力学仿真,有限元方法更适用于复杂结构模型,但受限于理论难度,以往研究仍将纳米多孔金属模型简... 详细信息

纳米多孔金属是一类包含大量纳米尺度孔洞的金属材料,孔洞突出的表面效应,使得其具有比传统多孔金属更为优异的力学性能.相对于理论和分子动力学仿真,有限元方法更适用于复杂结构模型,但受限于理论难度,以往研究仍将纳米多孔金属模型简化为较为简单的二维结构,因此无法真实刻画纳米多孔金属的力学性能.为此,基于Gurtin-Murdoch表面理论,成功构建计入纳米表面效应的有限元表面单元,并考虑微观结构非均匀性,发展面向一般三维纳米多孔金属力学行为的有限元计算模型,将计算得到的纳米孔附近应力分布与参考文献进行对比分析,验证了所构建有限元模型的有效性.通过对包含单球孔和随机多球孔的纳米多孔金属进行单轴拉伸和单轴压缩模拟,揭示了孔隙率、孔洞数量和表面参数对纳米多孔金属杨氏模量、压缩屈服强度和吸能性的影响规律.结果表明:所构建的有限元模型可准确捕捉纳米孔附近应力分布,相对于表面拉梅常数,纳米多孔金属的杨氏模量显著依赖于孔洞表面残余应力和加载方向.所构建的有限元模型为纳米多孔金属力学性能预测提供科学依据.

关键词：纳米多孔金属表面效应表面单元有限元模型 Gurtin-Murdoch表面模型

考虑磁通流动效应的超导薄膜基底结构界面断裂行为研究

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应用数学和力学 2022年第6期43卷 631-638页

作者：丁洁莹薛峰苟晓凡河海大学力学与材料学院南京211100

超导薄膜是一种采用化学涂层制备而成的多层薄膜结构,作为性能优越的导电功能结构材料,其载流能力与结构完整性直接相关.在超导薄膜制备过程中,超导层与金属基底之间的界面裂纹很难避免.因此,在载流运行过程中,由于外磁场的存在,这类界... 详细信息

超导薄膜是一种采用化学涂层制备而成的多层薄膜结构,作为性能优越的导电功能结构材料,其载流能力与结构完整性直接相关.在超导薄膜制备过程中,超导层与金属基底之间的界面裂纹很难避免.因此,在载流运行过程中,由于外磁场的存在,这类界面裂纹的强度问题成为关键.为此,该文针对超导薄膜结构,以磁通量子穿透薄膜理论和线弹性断裂理论为基础,建立了研究超导层与基底界面裂纹强度问题的解析模型.深入分析了外加磁场作用下界面裂纹强度问题,得到了超导磁通流动对裂纹尖端应力场和能量释放率的影响.结果表明:磁通流动速度越大,界面裂纹尖端处应力越大且能量释放率越大,这将导致界面更容易发生裂纹破坏.该文所得结果有助于分析相关的界面裂纹问题.

关键词：超导薄膜磁通流量界面裂纹裂尖应力场

Impact of COVID-19 on the energy consumption of commercial buildings:A case study in Singapore

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Energy and Built Environment

Energy and Built Environment 2024年第3期5卷 364-373页

作者： Senhong Cai Zhonghua gou School of Urban Design Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina

Numerous studies have demonstrated that commercial activities have significantly reduced during COVID-19,while there are few studies disclosing the consequent impacts on the energy consumption of commercial build-ings.This study explores the changes in energy consumption of different types of commercial buildings in Sin-gapore under the impact of the pandemic,using commercial building energy performance data from 2017 to 2020(n=540).The sampled buildings include 93 hotel buildings,303 office buildings,106 retail buildings,and 38 mixed developments.The analysis mainly used linear regression and paired sample t-test.The results showed that relative to 2019,the mean energy use intensity(EUI)of sampled commercial buildings decreased by 56.77 kWh/m^(2)in the pandemic year(2020),a plunge of 19.9%.The extent to which the EUI of each type of commercial building is affected by the pandemic is found as:mixed development>retail>office>hotel.The study also identi-fied the factors that significantly influenced the EUI of commercial buildings before and during the pandemic.The results of the study complement existing knowledge about the factors influencing energy consumption in com-mercial buildings by considering the impact of the pandemic and furthermore contribute to the improvement of energy management in commercial buildings by providing directions for building energy efficiency approaches.

关键词： Commercial buildings Energy consumption Energy use intensity Impact of COVID-19 Influential factors

Optimizing urban block morphologies for net-zero energy cities:Exploring photovoltaic potential and urban design prototype

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Building Simulation 2024年第4期17卷 607-624页

作者： Xiaotian Geng Dong Xie Zhonghua gou School of Urban Design Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina

The morphology of urban areas plays a crucial role in determining solar potential,which directly affects photovoltaic capacity and the achievement of net-zero outcomes.This study focuses on the City of Melbourne to investigate the utilization of solar energy across different urban densities and proposes optimized morphologies.The analysis encompasses blocks with diverse population densities,examining medium and high-density areas.By utilizing a multi-objective genetic optimization approach,the urban morphology of these blocks is refined.The findings indicate that low-density blocks exhibit photovoltaic potential ranging from 1 to 6.6 times their total energy consumption.Medium and high-density blocks achieve photovoltaic potential levels approximately equivalent to 40%-85%of their overall energy consumption.Moreover,significant variations in photovoltaic potential are observed among different urban forms within medium and high-density blocks.An“elevated corners with central valley”prototype is proposed as an effective approach,enhancing the overall photovoltaic potential by approximately 14%.This study introduces novel analytical concepts,shedding light on the intricate relationship between urban morphologies and photovoltaic potential.

关键词： net-zero energy solar energy urban density urban morphology multi-objective optimization photovoltaic potential

A Tightly Coupled Dipole Array with Diverse Element Reflection Phases for RCS Reduction

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第2期33卷 449-455页

作者： Yuewen gou Yikai CHEN Shiwen YANG University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

This paper proposes a novel low scattering tightly coupled dipole array(TCDA), aiming to reduce the radar cross section(RCS) of phased antenna arrays under a certain oblique incident wave. First, we build three types of antenna elements that exhibit similar radiation characteristics but diverse reflection phase differences based on the proposed theoretical analysis. The required reflection phase difference is achieved by using different dielectric superstrates for each antenna element. Then, by arranging the three types of subarrays next to each other, a low scattering TCDA(8 × 9) is designed. Meanwhile, a reference antenna array with a single type of antenna element is also constructed. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed RCS reduction technique, simulated and measured results of the reference and proposed antenna array are compared. Both antenna arrays operate over the 6–18 GHz frequency band and can scan up to ±45° in the E-/H-planes. However, the proposed antenna array achieves a significant monostatic RCS reduction over 8–12 GHz, with a maximum reduction value of 7.55 d B. It indicates that this diverse element reflection phase technique is a good candidate for wideband RCS reduction.

关键词： Phased array Tightly coupled dipole array Radar cross section