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An Online Website Fingerprinting Defense Based on the Non-Targeted Adversarial Patch

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2023年第6期28卷 1148-1159页

作者： xiaodan Gu Bingchen Song Wei Lan Ming yang School of Computer Science and Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China

Website Fingerprinting(WF)attacks can extract side channel information from encrypted traffic to form a fingerprint that identifies the victim’s destination website,even if traffic is sophisticatedly anonymized by Tor.Many offline defenses have been proposed and claimed to have achieved good effectiveness.However,such work is more of a theoretical optimization study than a technology that can be applied to real-time traffic in the practical scenario.Because defenders generate optimized defense schemes only if the complete traffic traces are obtained.The practicality and effectiveness are doubtful.In this paper,we provide an in-depth analysis of the difficulties faced in porting existing offline defenses to the online scenarios.And then the online WF defense based on the non-targeted adversarial patch is proposed.To reduce the overhead,we use the Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping(Grad-CAM)algorithm to identify critical segments that have high contribution to the classification.In addition,we optimize the adversarial patch generation process by splitting patches and limiting the values,so that the pre-trained patches can be injected and discarded in real-time traffic.Extensive experiments are carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of our defense.When bandwidth overhead is set to 20%,the accuracies of the two state-of-the-art attacks,DF and Var-CNN,drop to 10.83%and 15.49%,respectively.Furthermore,we implement the real-time patch traffic injection based on WFPadTools framework in the online scenario,and achieve a defense accuracy of 95.50%with 12.57%time overhead.

关键词： website fingerprinting online defense adversarial patch traffic analysis

Hydrochlorination of Acetylene Using SiC Foam Supported Structured C/Au Catalysts

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2014年第5期30卷 434-440页

作者： Xiaodan YANG Chunhai Jiang Zhenming yang Jinsong Zhang Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

AuCl3 loaded structured catalysts were prepared on SiC foam supported with pre-coated activated carbon layers. The catalytic properties of the structured catalysts towards hydrochlorination of acetylene were tested in a fixed- bed reactor with the AuCl3 loaded on activated carbon pellets as a reference. For isopyknic catalysts, the structured catalyst with only one fifth of the Au amount as that was used on the reference catalyst exhibited even a little higher acetylene conversion and much better stability than the latter no matter what the gas hourly space velocities of acetylene were used. The results indicated that the more homogeneous distribution of AuCl3 particles and better heat transfer along the fixed-bed reactor originated from the low pressure drop and high thermal conductivity of the SiC foam supported structured catalysts might be able to account for their improved efficiency and stability. It is befieved that these novel structured C/Au catalysts can be potentially applied in VCM industrialization in view of their greatly reduced cost and much prolonged life.

关键词： Structured catalysts Acetylene hydrochlorination Silicon carbide foams Carbon coating Heterogeneous reaction

Smart structures with embedded flexible sensors fabricated by fused deposition modeling-based multimaterial 3D printing

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2022年第3期13卷 447-464页

作者： Huilin Ren Xiaodan YANG Zhenhu Wang Xuguang Xu Rong Wang Qi Ge Yi Xiong School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenP.R.China Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongP.R.China Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenP.R.China

Smart structures have the advantages of high system integrity and diverse sensing capabilities.However,the labor-intensive and timeconsuming fabrication process hinders the large-scale adoption of smart structures.Despite recent attempts to develop sensorembedded structures using 3D printing technologies,the reported smart structures generally suffer from the complex fabrication process,constrained part size,and limited sensing modality.Herein,we propose a workflow to design and fabricate novel smart structures via multi-material fused deposition modeling(FDM)-based 3D printing.More specifically,conductive filaments with tailorable mechanical and elec-trical properties,e.***.piezoresistive effects,were developed.Additionally,the printing process was optimized for processing soft filaments with Young’s modulus around 2 MPa,resolving the issue of filament buckling.Furthermore,the potential applications of the proposed workflow were showcased using three design cases,i.***.biaxial strain sensor,smart tire,and cable-driven soft finger with multiple sensing capabilities.This workflow provides a cost-effective and rapid solution for developing novel smart structures with soft materials.

关键词： Smart structures multimaterial additive manufacturing flexible strain sensor conductive polymer composites soft materials

FIO-ESM v2.0 CORE2-forced experiment for the CMIP6 Ocean Model Intercomparison Project

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2022年第10期41卷 22-31页

作者： Qi Shu Zhenya Song Ying Bao Xiaodan YANG Yajuan Song Xinfang Li Meng Wei Fangli Qiao First Institute of Oceanography and Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical ModelingMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao266061China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao266237China Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling Qingdao266061China

We introduced the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)Ocean Model Intercomparison Project CORE2-forced(OMIP-1)experiment by using the First Institute of Oceanography Earth System Model version 2.0(FIO-ESM v2.0),and comprehensively evaluated the simulation results.Unlike other OMIP models,FIO-ESM v2.0 includes a coupled ocean surface wave component model that takes into account non-breaking surface wave-induced vertical mixing in the ocean and effect of surface wave Stokes drift on air-sea momentum and heat fluxes in the climate system.A sub-layer sea surface temperature(SST)diurnal cycle parameterization was also employed to take into account effect of SST diurnal cycle on air-sea heat fluxes to improve simulations of air-sea interactions.Evaluations show that mean values and long-term trends of significant wave height were adequately reproduced in the FIO-ESM v2.0 OMIP-1 simulations,and there is a reasonable fit between the SST diurnal cycle obtained from in situ observations and that parameterized by FIO-ESM v2.0.Evaluations of model drift,temperature,salinity,mixed layer depth,and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation show that the model performs well in the FIO-ESM v2.0 OMIP-1 simulation.However,the summer sea ice extent of the Arctic and Antarctic is underestimated.

关键词： FIO-ESM OMIP CMIP6 OGCM

Multifunctional N,S-doped and methionine functionalized carbon dots for on−off−on Fe^(3+)and ascorbic acid sensing,cell imaging,and fluorescent ink applying

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Nano Research 2023年第4期16卷 5401-5411页

作者： Zheng yang Tiantian Xu Shaobing Zhang Hui Li Yali Ji xiaodan Jia Jianli Li Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry&Materials ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710127China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi’an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710054China Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization Ministry of Land and ResourcesXi’an 710012China

Fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)have been identified as potential nanosensors and attracted tremendous research interests in wide areas including anti-counterfeiting,environmental and biological sensing and imaging in considering of the attractive optical properties.In this work,we present a CDs based fluorescent sensor from polyvinylpyrrolidone,citric acid,and methionine as precursors by hydrothermal approach.The selective quantifying of Fe^(3+)and ascorbic acid(AA)are based on the fluorescent on-off-on process,in which the fluorescent quenching is induced by the coordination of the Fe^(3+)on the surface of the CDs,while the fluorescence recovery is mainly attributed to redox reaction between Fe^(3+)and AA,breaking the coordination and bringing the fluorescence back.Inspired by the good water solubility and biocompatibility,significant photostability,superior photobleaching resistance as well as high selectivity,sensitivity,and interference immunity,which are constructed mainly from the N,S-doping and methionine surface functionalization,the CDs have not only been employed as fluorescence ink in multiple anticounterfeiting printing and confidential document writing or transmitting,but also been developed as promising fluorescence sensors in solution and solid by CDs doped test strips and hydrogels for effectively monitoring and removing of Fe^(3+)and AA in environmental aqueous solution.The CDs have been also implemented as effective diagnostic candidates for imaging and tracking of Fe^(3+)and AA in living cells,accelerating the understanding of their function and importance in related biological processes for the prevention and treatment specific diseases.

关键词： carbon dots fluorescent sensors Fe^(3+) ascorbic acid fluorescent ink message encryption

Could CMIP6 climate models reproduce the early-2000s global warming slowdown?

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第6期64卷 853-865页

作者： Meng WEI Qi SHU Zhenya SONG Yajuan SONG Xiaodan YANG Yongqing GUO Xinfang LI Fangli QIAO First Institute of Oceanography and Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical ModelingMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao266061China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao266237China Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling Qingdao266061China Marine Science and Technology College Zhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan316000China

The unexpected global warming slowdown during 1998–2013 challenges the existing scientific understanding of global temperature change mechanisms,and thus the simulation and prediction ability of state-of-the-art climate models since most models participating in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5)cannot simulate it.Here,we examine whether the new-generation climate models in CMIP6 can reproduce the recent global warming slowdown,and further evaluate their capacities for simulating key-scale natural variabilities which are the most likely causes of the slowdown.The results show that although the CMIP6 models present some encouraging improvements when compared with CMIP5,most of them still fail to reproduce the warming slowdown.They considerably overestimate the warming rate observed in 1998–2013,exhibiting an obvious warming acceleration rather than the observed deceleration.This is probably associated with their deficiencies in simulating the distinct temperature change signals from the human-induced long-term warming trend and/or the three crucial natural variabilities at interannual,interdecadal,and multidecadal scales.In contrast,the 4 models that can successfully reproduce the slowdown show relatively high skills in simulating the long-term warming trend and the three keyscale natural variabilities.Our work may provide important insight for the simulation and prediction of near-term climate changes.

关键词： CMIP6 climate models Global warming Global warming slowdown Hiatus Climate natural variability Anthropogenic warming trend

Factors associated with premenstrual syndrome of emergency nurse: A multicenter study in China

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Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Medicine 2022年第4期2卷 199-202页

作者： Yiqian Chen Xin yang xiaodan Li Xiaoting Wei Lianhua Bai Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking University People's HospitalBeijingChina Peking University School of Nursing BeijingChina

Objective:To study the factors associated with premenstrual syndrome(PMS)in emergency department(ED)nurses.Methods:A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in female ED nurses in China.Data gathering questionnaires included the Daily Record of Severity of Problems,Chinese Nurses Stressor Scale,Social Support Rating Scale,and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale.All questionnaires were used to assess the symptoms prospectively over 2 months.Results:A total of 289 ED nurses were recruited.The incidence of PMS was 67.47%.The most common symptoms were tiredness(76.90%),anger(76.90%),restlessness(75.40%),snoring(69.20%).Univariate analysis showed that the BMI and occupational stress score was significantly higher,and the age was significantly younger in the PMS group compared with the non-PMS group.According to the multiple linear regression,the symptoms of PMS were positively associated with the occupational stress score and anxiety score,and negatively with the level of education received.Conclusions:occupational stress,anxiety,and education level may associated with the occurrence of PMS in ED nurses.

关键词： Premenstrual syndrome Emergency department Nurse

Methcathinone Increases Visually-evoked Neuronal Activity and Enhances Sensory Processing Efficiency in Mice

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第4期39卷 602-616页

作者： Jun Zhou Wen Deng Chen Chen Junya Kang Xiaodan YANG Zhaojuan Dou Jiancheng Wu Quancong Li Man Jiang Man Liang Yunyun Han Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China Institute for Brain Research Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China Department of Forensic Medicine Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China Department of Physiology School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology Ministry of Public SecurityBeijing100192China

Methcathinone(MCAT)belongs to the designer drugs called synthetic cathinones,which are abused worldwide for recreational purposes.It has strong stimulant effects,including enhanced euphoria,sensation,alertness,and empathy.However,little is known about how MCAT modulates neuronal activity in vivo.Here,we evaluated the effect of MCAT on neuronal activity with a series of functional approaches.C-Fos immunostaining showed that MCAT increased the number of activated neurons by 6-fold,especially in sensory and motor cortices,striatum,and midbrain motor nuclei.In vivo single-unit recording and two-photon Ca^(2+) imaging revealed that a large proportion of neurons increased spiking activity upon MCAT administration.Notably,MCAT induced a strong de-correlation of population activity and increased trial-to-trial reliability,specifically during a natural movie stimulus.It improved the information-processing efficiency by enhancing the single-neuron coding capacity,suggesting a cortical network mechanism of the enhanced perception produced by psychoactive stimulants.

关键词： Methcathinone Synthetic psychoactive substance In vivo single-unit recording Ca^(2+)imaging Nucleus accumbens Visual cortex

A Microfluidic System with Active Mixing for Improved Real-Time Isothermal Amplification

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Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology 2022年第3期31卷 275-284页

作者： Dianlong yang xiaodan Jiang Yijie Zhou Xiaobin Dong Luyao Liu Lulu Zhang Xianbo Qiu College of Information Science and Technology Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

To improve the performance of real-time recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA),a microfluidic system with active mixing is developed to optimize the reaction dynamics.Instead of adopting a single typical reaction chamber,a specific reactor including a relatively large chamber in center with two adjacent zig-zag channels at two sides is integrated into the microfluidic chip.Active mixing is achieved by driving the viscous reagent between the chamber and the channel back and forth periodically with an outside compact peristaltic pump.To avoid reagent evapora-tion,one end of the reactor is sealed with paraffin oil.A hand-held companion device is developed to facilitate real-time RPA amplification within 20 min.The whole area of the reactor is heated with a resistance heater to provide uniform reaction temperature.To achieve real-time monitoring,a compact fluorescence detection module is integrated into the hand-held device.A smartphone with custom application software is adopted to control the hand-held device and display the real-time fluorescence curves.The performances of two cases with and without active on-chip mixing are compared between each other by detecting African swine fever viruses.It has been demonstrated that,with active on-chip mixing,the amplification efficiency and detection sensitivity can be signifi-cantly improved.

关键词： recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA) microfluidic chip active mixing optical detection smartphone