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Assessing the Performance of CMIP6 Models in Simulating Droughts across Global Drylands

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 193-208页

作者： xiaojing yu Lixia ZHANG Tianjun ZHOU Jianghua zheng LASG Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Geography&Remote Sensing Sciences Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China

Both the attribution of historical change and future projections of droughts rely heavily on climate modeling. However,reasonable drought simulations have remained a challenge, and the related performances of the current state-of-the-art Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6(CMIP6) models remain unknown. Here, both the strengths and weaknesses of CMIP6 models in simulating droughts and corresponding hydrothermal conditions in drylands are *** the general patterns of simulated meteorological elements in drylands resemble the observations, the annual precipitation is overestimated by ~33%(with a model spread of 2.3%–77.2%), along with an underestimation of potential evapotranspiration(PET) by ~32%(17.5%–47.2%). The water deficit condition, measured by the difference between precipitation and PET, is 50%(29.1%–71.7%) weaker than observations. The CMIP6 models show weaknesses in capturing the climate mean drought characteristics in drylands, particularly with the occurrence and duration largely underestimated in the hyperarid Afro-Asian areas. Nonetheless, the drought-associated meteorological anomalies, including reduced precipitation, warmer temperatures, higher evaporative demand, and increased water deficit conditions, are reasonably reproduced. The simulated magnitude of precipitation(water deficit) associated with dryland droughts is overestimated by 28%(24%) compared to observations. The observed increasing trends in drought fractional area,occurrence, and corresponding meteorological anomalies during 1980–2014 are reasonably reproduced. Still, the increase in drought characteristics, associated precipitation and water deficit are obviously underestimated after the late 1990s,especially for mild and moderate droughts, indicative of a weaker response of dryland drought changes to global warming in CMIP6 models. Our results suggest that it is imperative to employ bias correction approaches in drought-related studies over drylands by using CMIP6 o

关键词： droughts hydrothermal conditions drylands CMIP6 model evaluation

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Surface diffraction beamline at the SSRF

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第7期35卷 47-57页

作者： yue-Liang Gu Xu zheng Xing-Min Zhang Bin Zhao Guang-Zhi Yin Da-Ming Zhu yuan-He Sun Xing-yu Gao xiao-Long Li Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences239 Zhangheng RoadPudong DistrictShanghai201204China

BL02U2 of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility is a surface diffraction beamline with a photon flux of 5.5×10^(12) photons/s at 10 keV and a beam size of 160µm×80µm at the sample *** is dedicated to studying surfaces(solid-vacuum,solid-gas)and interfaces(solid-solid,solid-liquid,and liquid-liquid)in nanoscience,condensed matter,and soft matter systems using various surface scattering techniques over an energy range of 4.8-28 keV with transmission and reflection ***,BL02U2 has a high energy resolution,high angular resolution,and low beam divergence,which can provide excellent properties for X-ray diffraction experiments,such as grazing incident X-ray diffraction,X-ray reflectivity,crystal truncation rods,and liquid X-ray *** of in situ environments can also be provided for the samples *** paper describes the setup of the new beamline and its applications in various fields.

关键词： Surface and interface Beamline Surface diffraction Microstructure

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The impact of female sex hormones on cardiovascular disease:from mechanisms to hormone therapy

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第6期21卷 669-681页

作者： Yi KAN yu-Lu PENG Ze-Hao ZHAO Shu-Tong DONG Yin-xiao XU xiao-Teng MA xiao-Li LIU yu-Yang LIU yu-Jie ZHOU Department of Cardiology Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel DiseaseBeijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic DiseaseClinical Center for Coronary Heart DiseaseCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality in women,yet it has not raised the awareness from the *** pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease differs significantly between females and males concerning the effect of sex *** and progestogen impact cardiovascular system through genomic and non-genomic *** menopause,cardiovascular protective effects of estrogens have been well *** were often used in combination with estrogens in hormone *** in sex hormone levels,particularly estrogen deficiency,were considered the specific risk factor in women’s cardiovascular ***,considerable heterogeneity in the impact of hormone therapy was observed in clinical *** heterogeneity is likely closely associated with factors such as the initial time,administration route,dosage,and formulation of hormone *** review will delve into the pathogenesis and hormone therapy,summarizing the effect of female sex hormones on hypertension,pre-eclampsia,coronary heart disease,heart failure with preserved ejection fraction,and cardiovascular risk factors specific to women.

关键词： impact dosage protective

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Fecal microbiota transplantation for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:Mechanism,clinical evidence,and prospect

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第8期30卷 833-842页

作者： xiao-Xia Qiu Sheng-Li Cheng Yan-Hui Liu yu Li Rui Zhang Nan-Nan Li zheng Li Research and Education Department Shulan(Hangzhou)Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical CollegeHangzhou 310022Zhejiang ProvinceChina Anhui Provincial Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230000Anhui ProvinceChina Department of Clinical Pharmacy Anhui Provincial Children’s HospitalHefei 230000Anhui ProvinceChina Department of Pharmacy Taihe County People’s Hospital of Anhui ProvinceFuyang 236600Anhui ProvinceChina Department of Pharmacy The Second People’s Hospital of HefeiHefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230000Anhui ProvinceChina University of Science and Technology of China The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230001Anhui ProvinceChina Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells College of Health SciencesSchool of Life SciencesJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhou 221000Jiangsu ProvinceChina

The population of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)patients along with relevant advanced liver disease is projected to continue growing,because currently no medications are approved for *** microbiota transplantation(FMT)is believed a novel and promising therapeutic approach based on the concept of the gut-liver axis in liver *** has been an increase in the number of pre-clinical and clinical studies evaluating FMT in NAFLD treatment,however,existing findings diverge on its ***,we briefly summarized the mechanism of FMT for NAFLD treatment,reviewed randomized controlled trials for evaluating its efficacy in NAFLD,and proposed the prospect of future trials on FMT.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Fecal microbiota transplantation Randomized controlled trial Mechanism Efficacy

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Paleoenvironmental reconstruction and organic matter accumulation of the paleogene shahejie oil shale in the Zhanhua Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1552-1568页

作者： xiao-Lin Wang xiao-Min Zhu Jin Lai Xing-yue Lin Xiang Wang yu-Shan Du Chao Huang yu-Rui Zhu State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China Shengli Oilfield SINOPECDongying257000ShandongChina

The controlling factors of organic-rich shale accumulation is essential for the exploration and development of shale oil and gas *** sedimentary environment plays a vital role in the formation of organic-rich sediments in lacustrine *** article unravels the mineralogy,geochemistry,and paleoenvironmental evolution during the deposition of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation(Es_(3)^(L)).It discusses the effects of paleoclimate,paleosalinity,paleoredox conditions,paleowater depth,and paleoproductivity on organic matter(OM)***,the OM enrichment model was *** results show that the mineralogical compositions are mainly composed of calcite(avg.40.13%),quartz(avg.21.64%)and clay minerals(avg.24.07%),accompanied by dolomite(avg.7.07%),feldspar(avg.6.36%)and pyrite(avg.2.95%).The Es_(3)^(L) shale has a high abundance of OM,with total organic carbon(TOC)ranging from 1.07%to 5.12%.The organic matter type is mainly composed of type I-II_(1) kerogen,which is generally considered a good-quality source *** source of OM is a mixture of lower bacteria,algae,and *** the early sedimentary period,the paleoclimate was dry and cold,with high salinity,intense reducibility,and relatively low *** the late sedimentary period,the climate became warmer and more *** a result,the salinity decreased to a level that was suitable for biological reproduction,and productivity increased gradually due to the input of terrigenous *** and paleoclimate determined the environment of the sedimentary period,in addition,paleoproductivity and paleoredox condition indicated the formation and preservation conditions of *** warm and humid climate,brackish water,suitable reduction conditions and high productivity are the favorable conditions for the generation and preservation of organic *** research results may have implications for the genetic mechanisms of organic matter *** will provide theoret

关键词： Elemental geochemical Paleoenvironment Organic matter accumulation Paleogene shahejie formation Zhanhua Sag Bohai Bay Basin

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Spherical Confinement Generates Entropic Force to Accelerate Polymer Chain Detachment

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第3期42卷 407-416,I0010页

作者： yu-Shan zheng Jian-Ping Zhou Yan Xu Kai Li Mechanical Engineering Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830002China

To understand the dynamic process of polymer detachment, it is necessary to determine the mean detachment time of a single breakable link, which is modeled as a spring. Normally, this time can be viewed as the escape of a Brownian particle from the potential well of the spring. However, as the free dangling length of the polymer chain increases, the conformational entropy of the chain is affected by geometric confinement. It means that the wall exerts a repulsive force on the chain, resulting in accelerated link detachment from a macroscopic perspective. In this work, we investigate the effect of entropy on the detachment rate in the case where the substrate is spherical. We demonstrate that spherical confinement accelerates chain detachment both inside and outside the sphere. An analytical expression for the mean detachment time of breakable links is given, which includes an additional pre-factor that is related to the partition function. Additionally, we analyze the expressions for entropic forces inside the sphere, outside the sphere, and on a flat wall, comparing their magnitudes to explain the difference in mean detachment time.

关键词： Polymer detachment Breakable link Entropic force Mean first passage time

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A new method for evaluating wedges of steel plates and strips

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第7期31卷 1719-1735页

作者： xiao-bao Ma xiao-xin Ma Tao Wang Zhong-kai Ren yu-cheng Ren College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024ShanxiChina Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Advanced Metal Composite Forming Technology and Equipment Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024ShanxiChina National Key Laboratory of Metal Forming Technology and Heavy Equipment Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024ShanxiChina China National Heavy Machinery Research Institute Co. Ltd.Xi'an 710018ShaanxiChina Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Hebei University of ArchitectureZhangjiakou 075000HebeiChina

To overcome the inaccuracy problem of the traditional wedge evaluation of steel plates and strips caused by the ran-domness of the thicknesses of two local points and improve the reliability of the wedge index,the double-centroid method for the wedge evaluation was proposed,and a model based on the centroid theory was ***,an integral model for the discrete thickness values of the cross-section profiles was *** discussion focused on the distinct characteristics of the two-point method,asymmetric method,and double-centroid method in evaluating the asymmetric distribution of *** three methods were employed to evaluate the wedge values of both the theoretical and measured cross-sections of steel plates and strips,and the accuracies of three wedge evaluation models were analyzed and *** results showed that the double-centroid method objectively reflects the degree and variation characteristics of the wedge values of the cross-sections of steel plates and strips,and this method is feasible,reliable,and outstanding.

关键词： Steel plate and strip Wedge Two-point method Double-centroid method Reliability

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Quick-scanning X-ray absorption fine structure beamline at SSRF

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第6期35卷 1-13页

作者： yu Chen Qian Gao zheng Jiang Jiong Li Shuo Zhang Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230029China

The layout and characteristics of the hard X-ray spectroscopy beamline(BL11B)at the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility are described ***11B is a bending-magnet beamline dedicated to conventional and millisecond-scale quick-scanning X-ray absorption fine *** is equipped with a cylindrical collimating mirror,a double-crystal monochromator comprising Si(111)and Si(311),a channel-cut quick-scanning Si(111)monochromator,a toroidal focusing mirror,and a high harmonics rejection *** can provide 5-30 keV of X-rays with a photon flux of~5×10^(11)photons/s and an energy resolution of~1.31×10^(-4)at 10 *** performance of the beamline can satisfy the demands of users in the fields of catalysis,materials,and environmental *** paper presents an overview of the beamline design and a detailed description of its performance and capabilities.

关键词： Bending magnet beamline X-ray absorption fine structure Quick-scanning XAFS In situ Synchrotron radiation

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Comparison of models to predict air infiltration rate of buildings with different surrounding environments

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Building Simulation 2024年第6期17卷 1007-1021页

作者： Shu zheng Xiujiao Song Lin Duanmu yu Xue Xudong Yang Department of Building Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China School of Civil Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy Tsinghua UniversityTaiyuan030032China

The air infiltration rate of buildings strongly influences indoor environment and energy *** this study,several traditional methods for determining the air infiltration rate were compared,and their accuracy in different scenarios was ***,a method combining computational flow dynamics(CFD)with the Swami and Chandra(S-C)model was developed to predict the influence of the surrounding environment on the air infiltration *** buildings in Dalian,China,were selected:one with a simple surrounding environment and the other with a complex surrounding environment;their air infiltration rates were *** test results were used to validate the accuracy of the air infiltration rate solution models in different urban *** the building with a simple environment,the difference between the simulation and experimental results was 0.86%–22.52%.For the building with a complex environment,this difference ranged from 17.42%to 159.28%.We found that most traditional models provide accurate results for buildings with simple surrounding and that the simulation results widely vary for buildings with complex *** results of the method of combining CFD with the S-C model were more accurate,and the relative error between the simulation and test results was 10.61%.The results indicate that the environment around the building should be fully considered when calculating the air infiltration *** results of this study can guide the application of methods of determining air infiltration rate.

关键词： air infiltration rate models CFD simulation building surrounding air infiltration rate test

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碳化硅颗粒表面磁控溅射镀铜膜的研究

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材料工程 2008年第3期36卷 32-35页

作者：俞晓正沈志刚徐政北京航空航天大学粉体技术北京市重点实验室北京有色金属研究总院北京100088

采用直流磁控溅射方法,在SiC颗粒表面成功地沉积了金属铜膜。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)等测试仪器对其表面形貌和组份进行了表征。重点讨论了不同的沉积条件对薄膜结晶的影响... 详细信息

采用直流磁控溅射方法,在SiC颗粒表面成功地沉积了金属铜膜。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)等测试仪器对其表面形貌和组份进行了表征。重点讨论了不同的沉积条件对薄膜结晶的影响,并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对其进行了表征。结果表明,溅射镀膜时,通过控制SiC颗粒的运动方式,可以在其表面镀上均匀、连续和致密的金属膜。溅射时间越长或溅射功率越大或温度越高,都有利于薄膜结晶。

关键词：磁控溅射金属膜碳化硅 X射线衍射仪

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