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Review on regulation of MnS in non-qquenched and tempered steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第4期31卷 779-789页

作者： Guo-xing Qiu Qing Du Feng Lu De-jun Miao Yong-kun Yang xiao-ming li School of Metallurgical Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi'an 710055ShaanxiChina Laigang Technique Center Shandong Iron and Steel Group Co.Ltd.Jinan 271104ShandongChina

An overview of the current research status and control methods of MnS in non-quenched and tempered steel was provided.As a low-melting plastic inclusion,the morphology and distribution of MnS were influenced by various production processes.Therefore,control of MnS is a systematic problem that must be integrated into the entire production process.Based on the production process,the factors affecting the morphology and distribution of MnS in steel were introduced.The effects of oxygen activity,manganese,sulfur,and some alloys on MnS inclusion precipitation were summarized,mainly including MnS modification treatment and oxygen-sulfide composite precipitation control.It is believed that MnS precipitates during the solidification process of steel,and controlling the solidification cooling rate could effectively regulate the size and morphology of MnS,avoiding the precipitation of II-MnS.Additionally,by changing the deformation rate,deformation amount,deformation temperature during the hot deformation process,and heating time and temperature during heat treatment,the distribution and morphology of MnS could be improved.Through the fine control of the above process parameters,the number of II-MnS in steel could be effectively reduced,and their morphology could be improved,thereby enhancing the performance of non-quenched and tempered steel and promoting its wider application.Furthermore,applying laboratory research results to industrial production is an important direction for future research efforts in this field.

关键词： MnS Non-quenched and tempered steel Control technology Process parameter Morphology Distribution

Remotely sensed big data for the oceans and polar regions

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Big Earth Data 2022年第2期6卷 141-143页

作者： xiao-ming li International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals BeijingChina Key Laboratory of Digital Earth ScienceAerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

The oceans,which account for 71%of the Earth’s area,and the polar regions,the largest cold source on Earth,jointly play crucial roles in energy exchange and circulation,and in climate change(e.g.McGuire,Chapin,Walsh,&Wirth,2006).In particular,against the background of global climate change,both the Arctic and Antarctic are experiencing profound changes(Bracegirdle,Connolley,&Turner,2008;Jeffries,Overland,&Perovich,2013),and the inter-actions between the oceans,polar regions and the atmosphere are closer than ever.Remote sensing has become one of the main research tools in ocean and polar studies(Lubin,Ayres,&Hart,2009).At the same time,the amount of acquired data is undergoing explosive growth(Ma et al.,2015),thus leading oceanography into the era of“big data”.

关键词： Earth oceans Arctic

Glutamatergic Neurons in the Caudal Zona Incerta Regulate Parkinsonian Motor Symptoms in Mice

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2022年第1期38卷 1-15页

作者： li-Xuan li Yu-Lan li Jin-Tao Wu Ji-Zhou Song xiao-ming li Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003China NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology Ministry of Education Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine IntegrationSchool of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310030China Department of Engineering Mechanics Soft Matter Research Centerand Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310063China

Parkinson’s disease(PD)is the second most common and fastest-growing neurodegenerative disorder.In recent years,it has been recognized that neurotransmitters other than dopamine and neuronal systems outside the basal ganglia are also related to PD pathogenesis.However,little is known about whether and how the caudal zona incerta(ZIc)regulates parkinsonian motor symptoms.Here,we showed that specific glutamatergic but not GABAergic ZIc^(VgluT2) neurons regulated these symptoms.ZIc^(VgluT2) neuronal activation induced time-locked parkinsonian motor symptoms.In mouse models of PD,the ZIc^(VgluT2) neurons were hyperactive and inhibition of their activity ameliorated the motor deficits.ZIc^(VgluT2) neurons monosynaptically projected to the substantia nigra pars reticulata.Incerta-nigral circuit activation induced parkinsonian motor symptoms.Together,our findings provide a direct link between the ZIc,its glutamatergic neurons,and parkinsonian motor symptoms for the first time,help to better understand the mechanisms of PD,and supply a new important potential therapeutic target for PD.

关键词： Parkinson's disease Caudal zona incerta Glutamate Substantia nigra pars reticulata Parkinsonian motor symptoms

Pan-Arctic ocean wind and wave data by spaceborne SAR

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Big Earth Data 2022年第2期6卷 144-163页

作者： xiao-ming li Ke Wu Bingqing Huang Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina

The Arctic is one of the most significant changing areas on the Earth under the climate change scenario.More regions in the Arctic are becoming ice-free oceans in the melting season or through the whole year.Therefore,ocean wind and wave,as the two most important parameters in the air-sea interface,are drawing signifi-cant attention to the Arctic Ocean.Scatterometer and radar alti-meter are the two traditional remote sensing instruments for ocean wind and wave observations,while the former is limited by coarse spatial resolution and the latter has small spatial coverage.Wind and wave data in high spatial resolution and wide coverage by synthetic aperture radar(SAR)are currently lacking in the Arctic Ocean.We developed an ocean wind and wave dataset by Sentinel-1 SAR in the pan-Arctic Ocean(above 60°N),covering January 2017 to May 2021.By comparing with sea surface wind speed data of scatterometer,the SAR-retrieved wind data achieve an accuracy of 1.23 m/s,in terms of root mean square error(RMSE).Compared with significant wave height data of radar altimeter,the SAR retrievals have an RMSE of 0.66 m.The data records are in the standard NetCDF-4 format.The dataset is publicly available at:http://***/10.11922/sciencedb.00834.

关键词： Arctic synthetic aperture radar(SAR) ocean wind ocean wave

An Organic Small Molecule as a Solid Additive in Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells with Improved Efficiency and Operational Stability

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2023年第2期41卷 194-201页

作者： Yi-Nuo Yang xiao-ming li Shi-Jie Wang xiao-Peng Duan Yun-Hao Cai xiao-Bo Sun Dong-Hui Wei Wei Ma Yan-ming Sun School of Chemistry Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China

The use of additive is an effective approach to optimize the active layer morphology and improve the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs).However,residual solvent additives always lead to undesirably compromise the stability of OSCs.In this work,an organic small molecule BBT-Cl was designed and used as a novel solid additive to partly replace solvent additive to fabricate highperformance OSCs.The synergistic effect of the dual additives on the optical property,morphology and photovoltaic characteristics of the PM6:Y6 based non-fullerene OSCs have been systematically characterized.The introduction of BBT-Cl could effectively enhance the crystallinity of the blend and promote charge extraction and transport.Consequently,the OSCs processed by the dual additives exhibit a high PCE of 17.73%,which is obviously higher than OSCs with CN additive(16.48%).Meanwhile,BBT-Cl based dual additives treatment has also been successfully introduced into another two non-fullerene OSCs to verify its general applicability.Furthermore,20%PCE aging is significantly prolonged from 720 min to 2880 min for the devices proceeded with the dual additives.This work highlights the great potential of solid additive in the fabrication of efficient OSCs with excellent stability.

关键词： Organic solid additive Morphology Dual additives Organic solar cells Operational stability

Molecular-scale controllable conversion of biopolymers into hard carbons towards lithium and sodium ion batteries: A review

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第9期31卷 554-569,I0016页

作者： li-Jing Xie Cheng Tang ming-Xin Song xiao-Qian Guo xiao-ming li Jing-Xue li Chong Yan Qing-Qiang Kong Guo-Hua Sun Qiang Zhang Fang-Yuan Su Cheng-Meng Chen CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials Institute of Coal ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesTaiyuan 030001ShanxiChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Bejing KeyLaboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology.Department of Chemical Engineering.Tsinghua University Bejing 100084China School o Chemical Enginering and Advanced Materials The Universityof Adelaide.AdelaideSA 5005Ausralia Center of Biomass Enginering/Cllge of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agriultural UniversiyBeijing 100193China

Hard carbons are widely investigated as potential anodes for lithium and sodium ion batteries owing to their internally well-tailored textures(closed pores and defects) and large microcrystalline interlayer spacing. The renewable biomass is a green and economically attractive carbon source to produce hard carbons. However, the chemical and structural complexity of biomass has plagued the understanding of evolution mechanism from organic precursors to hard carbons and the structure-property relationship.This makes it difficult to finely tune the microstructure of biomass-derived hard carbons, thus greatly restricting their high-performance applications. Most recently, the optimal utilization and controllable conversion of biomass-derived biopolymers(such as starch, cellulose and lignin) at the molecular level have become a burgeoning area of research to develop hard carbons for advanced batteries.Considering the principal source of carbonaceous materials is from biomass pyrolysis, we firstly overview the chemical structures and pyrolysis behaviors of three main biopolymers. Then, the controllable preparation of hard carbons using various physicochemical properties of biopolymers at the molecular level is systematically discussed. Furthermore, we highlight present challenges and further opportunities in this field. The Review will guide future research works on the design of sustainable hard carbons and the optimization of battery performance.

关键词： Biomass-derived biopolymers Hard carbons lithium ion batteries Sodium ion batteries Carbonization

Discrimination of Pb-Zn deposit types using sphalerite geochemistry: New insights from machine learning algorithm

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第4期14卷 200-219页

作者： xiao-ming li Yi-Xin Zhang Zhan-Ke li Xin-Fu Zhao Ren-Guang Zuo Fan xiao Yi Zheng School of Earth Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhanHubei Province 430074China School of Computer Science China University of GeosciencesWuhanHubei Province 430078China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong Province 519000China

Due to the combined influences such as ore-forming temperature,fluid and metal sources,sphalerite tends to incorporate diverse contents of trace elements during the formation of different types of Lead-zinc(Pb-Zn)deposits.Therefore,trace elements in sphalerite have long been utilized to distinguish Pb-Zn deposit types.However,previous discriminant diagrams usually contain two or three dimensions,which are limited to revealing the complicated interrelations between trace elements of sphalerite and the types of Pb-Zn deposits.In this study,we aim to prove that the sphalerite trace elements can be used to classify the Pb-Zn deposit types and extract key factors from sphalerite trace elements that can dis-criminate Pb-Zn deposit types using machine learning algorithms.A dataset of nearly 3600 sphalerite spot analyses from 95 Pb-Zn deposits worldwide determined by LA-ICP-MS was compiled from peer-reviewed publications,containing 12 elements(Mn,Fe,Co,Cu,Ga,Ge,Ag,Cd,In,Sn,Sb,and Pb)from 5 types,including Sedimentary Exhalative(SEDEX),Mississippi Valley Type(MVT),Volcanic Massive Sulfide(VMS),skarn,and epithermal deposits.Random Forests(RF)is applied to the data processing and the results show that trace elements of sphalerite can successfully discriminate different types of Pb-Zn deposits except for VMS deposits,most of which are falsely distinguished as skarn and epithermal types.To further discriminate VMS deposits,future studies could focus on enlarging the capacity of VMS deposits in datasets and applying other geological factors along with sphalerite trace elements when con-structing the classification model.RF’s feature importance and permutation feature importance were adopted to evaluate the element significance for classification.Besides,a visualized tool,t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding(t-SNE),was used to verify the results of both classification and evalua-tion.The results presented here show that Mn,Co,and Ge display significant impacts on classification of Pb-Zn deposits and In,Ga,Sn,Cd,and Fe al

关键词： Discrimination Pb-Zn deposit Sphalerite trace elements Machine learning algorithms Feature analysis

Banded structure control of low carbon microalloyed steel based on oxide metallurgy

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2023年第11期30卷 2242-2253页

作者： Yong-kun Yang Jia-yu Zhu xiao-ming li Yang Wang Dong-ping Zhan School of Metallurgical Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an710055ShaanxiChina School of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819LiaoningChina

Banded structure is a common harmful microstructure for low carbon microalloyed steel,which seriously shortens the service life of processed parts.In order to study the effect of oxide metallurgy on improving banded structure,the Ti-Zr deoxidized low carbon microalloyed steel that can play the oxide metallurgical role of inclusion was chosen as the research object,and the inclusion characteristics,microstructure and transverse and longitudinal mechanical properties after hot rolling were analyzed.The results showed the inclusion number density increased in all experimental steels after hot rolling,and a large number of long strip inclusions with aspect ratio greater than 3 appeared along the rolling direction.In addition,after hot rolling,there were element segregation bands in the experimental steels,and granular bainite bands were formed in the element enrichment zone.However,the intragranular ferrite generated in the cooling process destroyed the continuity of granular bainite bands,so that the microstructure anisotropy indexes of experimental steels were small.The mechanical properties analysis showed that the anisotropy of performance was mainly reflected in plasticity and toughness in the experimental steels.Among them,the difference ratio of elongation,section shrinkage and impact energy of No.2 steel was 1.69%,3.87% and 1.69%,respectively,which were less than those of No.1 steel and No.3 steel.The anisotropy of microstructure and mechanical properties of No.2 steel that full played the role of oxide metallurgy were improved,and the banded structure control of low carbon microalloyed steel can be realized by oxide metallurgy technology.

关键词： Low carbon microalloyed steel Hot rolling Banded structure Oxide metallurgy Intragranular ferrite

A review of research on central crack in continuous casting strand

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2023年第6期30卷 1073-1089页

作者： Yong-kun Yang Jia-yu Zhu Wei-an Wang Yang Wang Jian-li Wang Guan-jie Wang xiao-ming li School of Metallurgical Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055ShaanxiChina

Central crack is a common quality defect in continuous casting strand,which is difficult to fully weld in the rolling and forging processes,and has become a key technical problem that restricts the stable production of high-end alloy rod/forging/pipe.In recent years,the central crack control has been one of the main focuses in high quality steel research.In order to fully understand the central crack,the research status of central crack characteristics,formation mechanism,influencing factors,and control methods in the world was reviewed.The deficiencies in the research of the central crack and the key research directions in the future were pointed out,which will provide references for other scholars in this field of research.It is found that alloying elements segregation during solidification and inclusions precipitated at grain boundaries are the main reasons for the central crack formation,while the unreasonable application of production processes can also induce the initiation of central crack.The optimization of alloying element composition and production process is helpful to reduce the initiation of central cracks.In addition,the quantitative characterization mechanism based on steel grades,temperature,stress,and other factors induced central crack should be established in the further study,forming a systematic quantitative determination criterion and control strategy for coupling the composition,process and thermal/mechanical characteristic.

关键词： Central crack Continuous casting strand Formation mechanism Alloying element Control strategy