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Socioeconomics and attributable etiology of primary liver cancer,1990-2019

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第21期28卷 2361-2382页

作者： Qing-Qing Xing Jing-Mao Li Xuan Dong Dan-Yi Zeng Zhi-Jian Chen xiao-yun lin Jin-Shui Pan Department of Hepatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350005Fujian ProvinceChina Hepatology Research Institute Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350005Fujian ProvinceChina Department of Statistics Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361000Fujian ProvinceChina School of Medicine Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361000Fujian ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Primary liver cancer(PLC)is a major contributor to cancer-related *** on global and country-specific levels and trends of PLC are essential for understanding the effects of this disease and helping policymakers to allocate *** To investigate the association between the burden of PLC and socioeconomic development *** Cancer mortality and incidence rates were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2019,and the data were stratified by country and territory,sex,and the Socio-demographic Index(SDI)*** association between the attributable etiology of PLC and socioeconomic development status,represented using the SDI,was *** attributable etiology of PLC included hepatitis B,hepatitis C,alcohol use,and nonalcoholic *** association between the attributable etiology of PLC and SDI was further stratified by sex and geographical location.A confidence analysis was also performed based on bootstrap *** The age-standardized incidence rate of PLC was 6.5[95%confidence intervals(CI):5.9-7.2]per 100000 person-years,which decreased by-27.5%(-37.0 to-16.6)from 1990 to *** countries located in East Asia,South Asia,West Africa,and North Africa shouldered the heaviest burden of PLC in *** terms of incidence rates,the first leading underlying cause of PLC identified was hepatitis B,followed by hepatitis C,alcohol use,and nonalcoholic *** stratification using the SDI,the incidence rate of PLC was the highest for high and middle SDI ***,the leading attributable etiologies of PLC were hepatitis B for the middle and high middle SDI locations while hepatitis C and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis for the high SDI *** The pronounced association between socioeconomic development status and PLC burden indicates socioeconomic development status affects attributable etiologies for *** 2019 data are valuable for policymakers implementing PLC cost-e

关键词： Epidemiology Public health Socioeconomics Primary liver cancer Hepatitis Alcohol

A Polyimide-Based Photocatalyst for Continuous Hydrogen Peroxide Production Using Air and Water under Solar Light

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CCS Chemistry 2022年第11期4卷 3482-3490页

作者： yun-xiao lin Hua-Yi Kuang Shi-Nan Zhang xiao-Le Zhang Guang-Yao Zhai Xiu lin Dong Xu Jinping Jia Xin-Hao Li Jie-Sheng Chen School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240 School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240

Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))is a clean disinfectant,bleaching agent,and value-added fuel in various systems and is industrially produced through multistep energy-intensive hydrogenation/oxidation using H_(2)and O_(2).The exploitation of metal-free catalysts for alternative H_(2)O_(2)photoconversion is limited by their limited activity and selectivity,especially for the continuous H_(2)O_(2)production using only air,water,and solar ***,a cheap and robust polymer,poly(4,4′,4″-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)triphenyl pyromellitimide)(PTTPI)was rationally synthesized by thermal structure-defect control under relatively low temperature(80-190℃),and the resulting metal-free material with a concisely refined band structure functioned as an efficient and ultra-stable photocatalyst for H_(2)O_(2)production over a wide pH *** PTTPI photocatalyst with an optimized defective degree(0.51)and moderate bandgap(2.3 eV)exhibited a H_(2)O_(2)production yield rate of 16.6μg h^(−1) mg_(cat)^(−1) and a high apparent quantumefficiency of 16.2%.By merging the well-designed PTTPI catalyst with the water transport path of natural cotton,a zero-emission and sunlightonly input system is constructed for continuous H_(2)O_(2)production from air and water in the natural *** design of the polyimide-based catalyst reveals a sustainable future toward efficient H_(2)O_(2)synthesis with sunlight-only energy input,enabling its implementation in other photocatalytic systems and on-site processing communities.

关键词： photocatalysis polyimide hydrogen peroxide band structure defective degree

Influence of cerium and yttrium addition on strength and electrical conductivity of pure aluminum alloys

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第3期42卷 600-611,I0006页

作者： Guojian lin Lu Li Zhengwei Guo Xianjun Jia xiao Wang Zhentao Yuan Guoxing Zhang yun Zhan Quan Shan Zulai Li Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650093China Research Center for Analysis and Measurement Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650093China City College Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650051China

To develop pure aluminum alloys with high conductivity and strength, Al-0.2Ce and Al-0.2Ce-0.1Y alloys were prepared by rolling and annealing processes in this study. The effects of trace rare earth elements on the strength and electrical conductivity of the pure aluminum alloys were investigated. It is revealed that the addition of Ce and Y to pure aluminum can effectively enhance the strength and electrical conductivity of the alloys. In Al-0.2Ce, the addition of Ce can effectively refine the grain size of a-Al, with an average grain size of 90.68 μm in the as-cast state. The grain size of the alloy is further reduced to 87.55 μm by the simultaneous addition of Y. The synergistic addition of Ce and Y changes the properties of the alloy. The addition of Ce and Y also produces the Al_(11)Ce_(3) and Al_(3)Y second phases, which have coherent relationship with a-Al. The two-dimensional mismatch degree was calculated to be only 4.43%and 0.85%, respectively, which can provide a certain amount of nucleation substrate for a-Al in the incubation stage. The interfacial match between the L1_(2)structure of Al_(3)Y and a-Al was calculated using first-principles simulations. The results indicate that Al_(3)Y has a strong bonding effect with a-Al. Nanoscale second phases at grain boundaries can be effective in reducing resistivity due to dislocation *** second phases with better matching interfaces to the substrate have no positive effect on the scattering motion of electrons.

关键词： Pure aluminum Rare earths Impurity purification First-principles calculations Strength-conductivity contradiction

A Spleen Tyrosine Kinase’s Sky in Neuronal Degeneration

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第2期40卷 273-276页

作者： Wan-yun Zhang Sen lin Department of Neurology Xinqiao HospitalThe Second Afliated HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing 400042China Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence Guangyang Bay LaboratoryChongqing 400064China

With the growing elderly population,neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease(AD)are emerging as a significant public health *** is widely acknowledged in the scientific community that the accumulation of neurotoxic aggregates,such as amyloid beta(Aβ),within the central nervous system is a major factor in the development of these ***,human genome-wide association studies have identified mutations in microglial receptors that may be linked to a number of neurodegenerative diseases[1].

关键词： Aβ Spleen Alzheimer

Ethanol extract of Abelmoschus manihot suppresses endoplasmic reticulum stress in contrast-induced nephropathy

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2024年第1期14卷 17-27,I0002,I0003页

作者： Xin lin Xin Lu yun-He Zhao Yi-Bei Wang Ru-Ge Niu xiao-Hu Chen Department of Cardiology Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineJiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsu 210004China

Objective:To explore the efficacy and potential mechanisms of the ethanol extract of Abelmoschus manihot(L.)Medic in contrast-induced nephropathy(CIN).Methods:CIN rat models and human renal proximal tubular cells(HK-2)with iopromide-induced injury were employed to mimic CIN *** effect of Abelmoschus manihot extract on the rat models and HK-2 cells was *** rat models,kidney function,histology,oxidative stress and apoptosis were *** HK-2 cells,cell viability,apoptosis,mitochondrial membrane potential,and endoplasmic reticulum stress were ***:Abelmoschus manihot extract significantly improved structural and functional impairments in the kidneys of CIN ***,the extract effectively mitigated the decline in cellular viability and reduced iopromide-induced oxidative stress and lipid *** investigations revealed that Abelmoschus manihot extract prominently attenuated acute endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis by downregulating GRP78 and CHOP protein ***:Abelmoschus manihot extract can be used as a promising therapeutic and preventive agent in the treatment of CIN.

关键词： Contrast-induced nephropathy Abelmoschus manihot extract ER stress Apoptosis GRP78 CHOP

Study on the clogging mechanism of punching screen in sand control by the punching structure parameters

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 609-620页

作者： Fu-Cheng Deng Fu-lin Gui Bai-Tao Fan Lei Wen Sheng-Hong Chen Ning Gong yun-Chen xiao Zhi-Hui Xu Yangtze University Jingzhou434023HubeiChina CNOOC Research Institute Ltd. Beijing100028China CNOOC Ener Tech-Drilling&Production Co. Tianjin300457China Tianjin Branch of CNOOC Ltd. Tianjin300459China

As an independent sand control unit or a common protective shell of a high-quality screen,the punching screen is the outermost sand retaining unit of the sand control pipe which is used in geothermal well or oil and gas ***,most screens only consider the influence of the internal sand retaining medium parameters in the sand control performance design while ignoring the influence of the plugging of the punching screen on the overall sand retaining performance of the *** explore the clogging mechanism of the punching screen,this paper established the clogging mechanism calculation model of a single punching screen sand control unit by using the computational fluid mechanics-discrete element method(CFD-DEM)combined *** to the combined motion of particles and fluids,the influence of the internal flow state on particle motion and accumulation was *** results showed that(1)the clogging process of the punching sand control unit is divided into three stages:initial clogging,aggravation of clogging and stability of *** the initial stage of blockage,coarse particles form a loose bridge structure,and blockage often occurs preferentially at the streamline gathering place below chamfering inside the sand control *** the stage of blockage intensification,the particle mass develops into a relatively complete sand bridge,which develops from both ends of the opening to the center of the *** the stable plugging stage,the sand deposits show a“fan shape”and form a“V-shaped”gully inside the punching slot element.(2)Under a certain reservoir particle-size distribution,The slit length and opening height have a large influence on the permeability and blockage rate,while the slit width size has little influence on the permeability and blockage *** microscopic clogging mechanism and its law of the punching screen prevention unit are proposed in this study,which has some field guidance significance for the design of punching screen

关键词： Punching screen Plugging CFD-DEM Size parameter Sand control

Adversarial attacks and defenses for digital communication signals identification

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第3期10卷 756-764页

作者： Qiao Tian Sicheng Zhang Shiwen Mao yun lin College of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin150001China College of Information and Communication Engineering Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin150000China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn UniversityAuburnAL36849USA

As modern communication technology advances apace,the digital communication signals identification plays an important role in cognitive radio networks,the communication monitoring and management *** has become a promising solution to this problem due to its powerful modeling capability,which has become a consensus in academia and ***,because of the data-dependence and inexplicability of AI models and the openness of electromagnetic space,the physical layer digital communication signals identification model is threatened by adversarial *** examples pose a common threat to AI models,where well-designed and slight perturbations added to input data can cause wrong ***,the security of AI models for the digital communication signals identification is the premise of its efficient and credible *** this paper,we first launch adversarial attacks on the end-to-end AI model for automatic modulation classifi-cation,and then we explain and present three defense mechanisms based on the adversarial *** we present more detailed adversarial indicators to evaluate attack and defense ***,a demonstration verification system is developed to show that the adversarial attack is a real threat to the digital communication signals identification model,which should be paid more attention in future research.

关键词： Digital communication signals identification AI model Adversarial attacks Adversarial defenses Adversarial indicators

A Review on the Mullins Effect in Tough Elastomers and Gels

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2024年第2期37卷 181-214页

作者： lin Zhan Shaoxing Qu Rui xiao MOE Key Lab of Disaster Forecast and Control in Engineering College of Mechanics and Construction EngineeringJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of Engineering MechanicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China

Tough elastomers and gels have garnered broad research interest due to their wide-ranging potential ***,during the loading and unloading cycles,a clear stress softening behavior can be observed in many material systems,which is also named as the Mullins *** this work,we aim to provide a complete review of the Mullins effect in soft yet tough materials,specifically focusing on nanocomposite gels,double-network hydrogels,and multi-network *** first revisit the experimental observations for these soft *** then discuss the recent developments of constitutive models,emphasizing novel developments in the damage mechanisms or network *** phenomenological models will also be briefly *** attention is then placed on the anisotropic and multiaxial modeling *** is demonstrated that most of the existing models fail to accurately predict the multiaxial data,posing a significant challenge for developing future anisotropic models tailored for tough gels and elastomers.

关键词： Mullins effect Double-network hydrogels Nanocomposite gels Multi-network elastomers Anisotropic damage model Multiaxial model

Neuronomodulation of Excitable Neurons

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第1期40卷 103-112页

作者： Yizhang Chen lin xiao Jian Qiu Institute of Neuroscience Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation Key Laboratory of BrainCognition and Education Sciences of Ministry of EducationSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510631China Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOR 97239USA

Neuronomodulation refers to the modulation of neural conduction and synaptic transmission(i.e.,the conduction process involved in synaptic transmission)of excitable neurons via changes in the membrane potential in response to chemical substances,from spillover neuro-transmitters to paracrine or endocrine hormones circulating in the *** can be direct or indirect,depending on the transduction pathways from the ligand binding site to the ion pore,either on the same molecule,*** ion channel,or through an intermediate step on different *** major players in direct neurono-modulation are ligand-gated or voltage-gated ion *** key process of direct neuronomodulation is the binding and chemoactivation of ligand-gated or voltage-gated ion channels,either orthosterically or allosterically,by various *** neuronomodulation involves metabotropic receptor-mediated slow potentials,where steroid hormones,cytokines,and chemokines can implement these *** neuronomodulation is of great significance for understanding the physiological mechanisms of brain function,and the occurrence and treatment of diseases.

关键词： Neuron Membrane potential Excitability Chemoactivation Neuronomodulation