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Genetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma: An update

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第41期22卷 9069-9095页

作者： Zhao-Shan niu xiao-jun niu Wen-Hong Wang Laboratory of Micromorphology School of Basic Medicine Medical Department of Qingdao University Oncology Specialty Medical Department of Qingdao University Department of Pathology School of Basic Medicine Medical Department of Qingdao University

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although recent advances in therapeutic approaches for treating HCC have improved the prognoses of patients with HCC, this cancer is still associated with a poor survival rate mainly due to late diagnosis. Therefore, a diagnosis must be made sufficiently early to perform curative and effective treatments. There is a need for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of HCC because these mechanisms are critical for making early diagnoses and developing novel therapeutic strategies. Over the past decade, much progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatocarcinogenesis. In particular, recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have revealed numerous genetic alterations, including recurrently mutated genes and dysregulated signaling pathways in HCC. A better understanding of the genetic alterations in HCC could contribute to identifying potential driver mutations and discovering novel therapeutic targets in the future. In this article, we summarize the current advances in research on the genetic alterations, including genomic instability, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, somatic mutations and deregulated signaling pathways, implicated in the initiation and progression of HCC. We also attempt to elucidate some of the genetic mechanisms that contribute to making early diagnoses of and developing molecularly targeted therapies for HCC.

关键词：基因改变 Chromosomal 不稳定性体的变化发信号的小径 Hepatocellular 癌

Long non-coding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: Potential roles and clinical implications

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第32期23卷 5860-5874页

作者： Zhao-Shan niu xiao-jun niu Wen-Hong Wang Laboratory of Micromorphology School of Basic MedicineMedical Department of Qingdao University Oncology Specialty Medical Department of Qingdao University Department of Pathology School of Basic MedicineMedical Department of Qingdao University

Long non-coding RNAs(lnc RNAs) are a subgroup of non-coding RNA transcripts greater than 200 nucleotides in length with little or no protein-coding potential. Emerging evidence indicates that lnc RNAs may play important regulatory roles in the pathogenesis and progression of human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Certain lnc RNAs may be used as diagnostic or prognostic markers for HCC, a serious malignancy with increasing morbidity and high mortality rates worldwide. Therefore, elucidating the functional roles of lnc RNAs in tumors can contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HCC and may help in developing novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the recent progress regarding the functional roles of lnc RNAs in HCC and explore their clinical implications as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and molecular therapeutic targets for HCC.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Long non-coding RNAs Function Biomarker Therapeutic target

Management of hepatocellular carcinoma:Predictive value of immunohistochemical markers for postoperative survival

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第1期7卷 7-27页

作者： Zhao-Shan niu xiao-jun niu Mei Wang Lab of Micromorphology Medical College of Qingdao University Clinical Medicine Specialty Medical College of Qingdao University Institute of Education the University of ReadingRG6 1HY ReadingUnited Kingdom

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) accounts for over 90% of all primary liver cancers. With an ever increasing incidence trend year by year,it has become the third most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. Hepatic resection is generally considered to be one of the most effective therapies for HCC patients,however,there is a high risk of recurrence in postoperativeHCC. In clinical practice,there exists an urgent need for valid prognostic markers to identify patients with prognosis,hence the importance of studies on prognostic markers in improving the prediction of HCC prognosis. This review focuses on the most promising immunohistochemical prognostic markers in predicting the postoperative survival of HCC patients.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Management Immunohistochemical Prognostic marker Predictivemarker

Latest developments in precancerous lesions of hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第12期22卷 3305-3314页

作者： Zhao-Shan niu xiao-jun niu Wen-Hong Wang Jing Zhao Laboratory of Micromorphology Medical College of Qingdao University Clinical Medicine Specialty Medical College of Qingdao University Department of Pathology Medical College of Qingdao University Department of Pathology the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University

Hepatocarcinogenesis in human chronic liver diseases is a multi-step process in which hepatic precancerous lesions progress into early hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and progressed HCC, and the close surveillance and treatment of these lesions will help improve the survival rates of patients with HCC. The rapid development and extensive application of imaging technology have facilitated the discovery of nodular lesions of ambiguous significance, such as dysplastic nodules. Further investigations showed that these nodules may be hepatic precancerous lesions, and they often appear in patients with liver cirrhosis. Although the morphology of these nodules is not sufficient to support a diagnosis of malignant tumor, these nodules are closely correlated with the occurrence of HCC, as indicated by long-term follow-up studies. In recent years, the rapid development and wide application of pathology, molecular genetics and imaging technology have elucidated the characteristics of precancerous lesions. Based on our extensive review of the relevant literature, this article focuses on evidence indicating that high-grade dysplastic nodules are more likely to transform into HCC than low-grade dysplastic nodules based on clinical, pathological, molecular genetic and radiological assessments. In addition, evidence supporting the precancerous nature of large cell change in hepatitis B virus-related HCC is discussed.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Precancerous lesions High-grade dysplastic nodule Large cell change Small c

PGL3对水稻叶绿素合成和叶片衰老的影响（英文）

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2018年第4期19卷 263-273页

作者： Jing YE Yao-long YANG Xing-hua WEI xiao-jun niu Shan WANG Qun XU xiao-ping YUAN Han-yong YU Yi-ping WANG Yue FENG Shu WANG College of Agronomy Shenyang Agricultural University State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research Institute

目的:研究PGL3的遗传机制与生物学功能。创新点:研究一个水稻叶色突变体的鉴定与基因克隆,并探讨其对叶绿素合成和叶片衰老的影响。方法:通过乙基甲磺酸(EMS)诱变,获得了一个淡绿叶突变体pgl3,运用图位克隆法对PGL3进行定位,并对PGL3的... 详细信息

目的:研究PGL3的遗传机制与生物学功能。创新点:研究一个水稻叶色突变体的鉴定与基因克隆,并探讨其对叶绿素合成和叶片衰老的影响。方法:通过乙基甲磺酸(EMS)诱变,获得了一个淡绿叶突变体pgl3,运用图位克隆法对PGL3进行定位,并对PGL3的功能进行研究。结论:PGL3通过调节叶绿素合成相关基因的表达水平影响叶绿素合成。pgl3叶片中清除活性氧基因转录水平下调,导致活性氧大量积累,表明pgl3可以加速衰老。此外,高温可以抑制植物的生长并加速pgl3衰老。

关键词：淡绿叶叶绿素合成活性氧衰老水稻

RNA interference in insects:the link between antiviral defense and pest control

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Insect Science 2024年第1期31卷 2-12页

作者： Jinzhi niu Ruoyu Chen Jin-jun Wang Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering College of Plant ProtectionSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River(Ministry of Education) Southwest UniversityChongqingChina

RNA interference(RNAi)is a form of gene silencing triggered by double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)that operates in all eukaryotic cells.RNAi has been widely investigated in insects to determine the underlying molecular mechanism,to investigate its role in systemic antiviral defense,and to develop strategies for pest control.When insect cells are infected by viruses,viral dsRNA signatures trigger a local RNAi response to block viral replication and generate virus-derived DNA that confers systemic immunity.RNAi-based insect pest control involves the application of exogenous dsRNA targeting genes essential for insect development or survival,but the efficacy of this approach has limited potency in many pests through a combination of rapid dsRNA degradation,inefficient dsRNA uptake/processing,and ineffective RNAi machinery.This could be addressed by dsRNA screening and evaluation,focusing on dsRNA design and off-target management,as well as dsRNA production and delivery.This review summarizes recent progress to determine the role of RNAi in antiviral defense and as a pest control strategy in insects,addressing gaps between our fundamental understanding of the RNAi mechanism and the exploitation of RNAi-based pest control strategies.

关键词： RNAi response systemic RNAi insecticidal dsRNA biological control off-targets

Highly Thermoconductive,Strong Graphene‑Based Composite Films by Eliminating Nanosheets Wrinkles

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第1期16卷 328-340页

作者： Guang xiao Hao Li Zhizhou Yu Haoting niu Yagang Yao College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materialsand Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNational Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093People’s Republic of China Institute of Laser Manufacturing Henan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou 450052People’s Republic of China Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science School of Physics and TechnologyNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023People’s Republic of China

Graphene-based thermally conductive composites have been proposed as effective thermal management materials for cooling high-power electronic devices.However,when flexible graphene nanosheets are assembled into macroscopic thermally conductive composites,capillary forces induce shrinkage of graphene nanosheets to form wrinkles during solution-based spontaneous drying,which greatly reduces the thermal conductivity of the composites.Herein,graphene nanosheets/aramid nanofiber(GNS/ANF)composite films with high thermal conductivity were prepared by in-plane stretching of GNS/ANF composite hydrogel networks with hydrogen bonds andπ-πinteractions.The in-plane mechanical stretching eliminates graphene nanosheets wrinkles by suppressing inward shrinkage due to capillary forces during drying and achieves a high in-plane orientation of graphene nanosheets,thereby creating a fast in-plane heat transfer channel.The composite films(GNS/ANF-60 wt%)with eliminated graphene nanosheets wrinkles showed a significant increase in thermal conductivity(146 W m^(−1)K^(−1))and tensile strength(207 MPa).The combination of these excellent properties enables the GNS/ANF composite films to be effectively used for cooling flexible LED chips and smartphones,showing promising applications in the thermal management of high-power electronic devices.

关键词： Graphene Aramid nanofiber Wrinkles elimination In-plane stretching Thermal conductivity

Research progress toward the influence of mosquito salivary proteins on the transmission of mosquito-borne viruses

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 663-673页

作者： Zhao-Yang Wang Kai-xiao Nie Ji-Chen niu Gong Cheng Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBejingChina Institute of Infectious Diseases Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhenGuangdongChina Department of Pathogen Biology School of Basic MedicineShandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina

Mosquito-borne viruses(MBVs)are a large class of viruses transmitted mainly through mosquito bites,including dengue virus,Zika virus,Japanese encephalitis virus,West Nile virus,and chikungunya virus,which pose a major threat to the health of people around the world.With global warming and extended human activities,the incidence of many MBVs has increased significantly.Mosquito saliva contains a variety of bioactive protein components.These not only enable blood feeding but also play a crucial role in regulating local infection at the bite site and the remote dissemination of MBVs as well as in remodeling the innate and adaptive immune responses of host vertebrates.Here,we review the physiological functions of mosquito salivary proteins(MSPs)in detail,the influence and the underlying mechanism of MSPs on the transmission of MBVs,and the current progress and issues that urgently need to be addressed in the research and development of MSP-based MBV transmission blocking vaccines.

关键词： immune response mosquito-borne virus mosquito salivary protein saliva vaccine transmission

Bioinspired nanomaterials for wearable sensing and human–machine interfacing

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 445-461页

作者： Vishesh Kashyap junyi Yin xiao xiao jun Chen Department of Bioengineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA

The inculcation of bioinspiration in sensing and human–machine interface(HMI)technologies can lead to distinctive characteristics such as conformability,low power consumption,high sensitivity,and unique properties like self-healing,self-cleaning,and adaptability.Both sensing and HMI are fields rife with opportunities for the application of bioinspired nanomaterials,particularly when it comes to wearable sensory systems where biocompatibility is an additional requirement.This review discusses recent development in bioinspired nanomaterials for wearable sensing and HMIs,with a specific focus on state-of-the-art bioinspired capacitive sensors,piezoresistive sensors,piezoelectric sensors,triboelectric sensors,magnetoelastic sensors,and electrochemical sensors.We also present a comprehensive overview of the challenges that have hindered the scientific advancement in academia and commercialization in the industry.

关键词： bioinspired nanomaterials human–machine interface wearable sensors wearable bioelectronics