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An Estimation of the Total Number of Cases of NCIP(2019-nCoV)--Wuhan,Hubei Province,2019–2020

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China CDC weekly 2020年第6期2卷 87-91页

作者： Chong You Qiushi Lin xiao-hua zhou Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research Peking UniversityBeijingChina Department of Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina.

Background On December 31,2019,the World Health Organization(WHO)was alerted to several cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan,the capital city of Hubei Province in Central China.A novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)was identified as the causative virus by Chinese authorities on January 7,2020(1),and China CDC has named the associated disease as novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia(NCIP)(2–3).As of January 23,2020,the National Health Commission(NHC)of China had confirmed a total of 830 cases of NCIP in China's Mainland,including 177 in critical condition,25 fatalities,and 34 recoveries.In Wuhan the origin of the NCIP outbreak,495 cases including 24 fatalities have been confirmed.In addition to the cases in China's Mainland,two cases have been detected in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China,two in Macao Special Administrative Region,China,one in Taiwan.

关键词： fir Wuhan Taiwan

Estimating the daily trend in the size of the COVID-19 infected population in Wuhan

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第3期9卷 12-19页

作者： Qiu-Shi Lin Tao-Jun Hu xiao-hua zhou Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Mathematical Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China Center for Statistical Science Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Background:The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has become a pandemic causing global health problem.We provide estimates of the daily trend in the size of the epidemic in Wuhan based on detailed information of 10940 confirmed cases outside Hubei province.Methods:In this modelling study,we first estimate the epidemic size in Wuhan from 10 January to 5 April 2020 with a newly proposed model,based on the confirmed cases outside Hubei province that left Wuhan by 23 January 2020 retrieved from official websites of provincial and municipal health commissions.Since some confirmed cases have no information on whether they visited Wuhan before,we adjust for these missing values.We then calculate the reporting rate in Wuhan from 20 January to 5 April 2020.Finally,we estimate the date when the first infected case occurred in Wuhan.Results:We estimate the number of cases that should be reported in Wuhan by 10 January 2020,as 3229(95%confidence interval[CI]:3139–3321)and 51273(95%CI:49844–52734)by 5 April 2020.The reporting rate has grown rapidly from 1.5%(95%CI:1.5–1.6%)on 20 January 2020,to 39.1%(95%CI:38.0–40.2%)on 11 February 2020,and increased to 71.4%(95%CI:69.4–73.4%)on 13 February 2020,and reaches 97.6%(95%CI:94.8–100.3%)on 5 April 2020.The date of first infection is estimated as 30 November 2019.Conclusions:In the early stage of COVID-19 outbreak,the testing capacity of Wuhan was insufficient.Clinical diagnosis could be a good complement to the method of confirmation at that time.The reporting rate is very close to 100%now and there are very few cases since 17 March 2020,which might suggest that Wuhan is able to accommodate all patients and the epidemic has been controlled.

关键词： COVID-19 Wuhan Daily Trend Size Infection

Trends and characteristics in pre-hospital emergency care in Beijing from 2008 to 2017

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Chinese Medical Journal 2020年第11期133卷 1268-1275页

作者： Wei huang Tian-Bing Wang Ying-Dong He huan Zhang xiao-hua zhou Hui Liu Jin-Jun Zhang Zhen-Biao Tian Bao-Guo Jiang Departm ent of Trauma Rescue Center Peking University People's HospitalBeijing 100044China Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Peking University People's HospitalBeijing 100044China Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration(Peking University) Ministry of EducationBeijing 100044China Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina Medical Informatics Center Peking UniversityBeijing 100191China Beijing Emergency Center Beijing 100031China Beijing Red Cross Emergency Center Beijing 100085China

Background: We aimed to describe and analyze the pre-hospital emergency medical service (EMS) in Beijing and provide information for the government and medical institutions to optimize EMS.Methods: We collected all pre-hospital emergency data in Beijing from 2008 to 2017. The chief complaint in each case was classified according to the Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS). The sites’ administrative districts were determined through geo-encoding of addresses and then classified into four functional regions. We analyzed the demand for EMS, emergency response times (ERT), and disease spectrum for Beijing as a whole, and for each functional region.Results: A total of 4,192,870 pre-hospital EMS cases met the inclusion criteria, with a significant increase (P < 0.001) of 51.60% from 2008 to 2017. EMS demand was positively associated with population (r= 0.946,P < 0.001). The pre-hospital EMS demand rate was 1907.05 in 2008 and 2172.23 in 2017 per 100,000, with no significant change (P = 0.57). ERT increased significantly (P = 0.001), from 19.18 min in 2008 to 24.51 min in 2016. According to MPDS classifications, the demand for pre-hospital care increased for 14 diseases, remained stable for 19, and decreased for only 1 disease. Cases of injury-related disease increased significantly from approximately 90,000 in 2017, accounting for 20% of all pre-hospital EMS cases, and the demand rate decreased in the core region but increased in the sub-urban regions. Cases of heart problems and stroke/transient ischemic attack also increased significantly in the four functional regions, with the highest demand rate in the Core Functional Region.Conclusions: More resources and effort should be devoted to pre-hospital EMS according to the increased pre-hospital EMS demand and prolonged ERT in Beijing over our 10-year study period. Changes in disease spectrum and differences between functional regions should also be considered.

关键词： China Emergency medical services Emergency response time

The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF6 controls CTLA-4 turnover and promotes T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第1期21卷 97-99页

作者： xiao-Liang Jie hua Guo Guang-Biao zhou State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College100021 BejingChina

Yu et al.[1]reported that the tumor necrosis factor(TNF)receptor OX40(CD134)-TNF receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6)axis mediates Lys63-linked ubiquitination and subsequent lysosomal degradation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4(CTLA-4),leading to the enhancement of CD8^(+)T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity.Their findings unveil a previously unknown mechanism in controlling the stability of the immune checkpoint CTLA-4 and provide a potential therapeutic target for the improvement of Tcell-based immunotherapy.

关键词： immunity OX40 ubiquitin

Screening for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease:Time to discard the emperor’s clothes of normal liver enzymes?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第22期30卷 2839-2842页

作者： Chen-xiao huang xiao-Dong zhou Calvin Q Pan Ming-hua Zheng Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Research Center Department of HepatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Cardiovascular Medicine The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases of WenzhouThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000Zhejiang ProvinceChina Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineNew York University Langone HealthNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNY 11355United States Institute of Hepatology Wenzhou Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for the Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhou 325000Zhejiang ProvinceChina

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is the most prevalent chronic liver condition worldwide.Current liver enzyme-based screening methods have limitations that may missed diagnoses and treatment delays.Regarding Chen et al,the risk of developing MAFLD remains elevated even when alanine aminotransferase levels fall within the normal range.Therefore,there is an urgent need for advanced diagnostic techniques and updated algorithms to enhance the accuracy of MAFLD diagnosis and enable early intervention.This paper proposes two potential screening methods for identifying individuals who may be at risk of developing MAFLD:Lowering these thresholds and promoting the use of noninvasive liver fibrosis scores.

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Alanine aminotransferase Liver enzymes Screening Noninvasive liver fibrosis scores

Hydrophobic long-chain two-dimensional perovskite scintillators for underwater X-ray imaging

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Rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 175-185页

作者： Jin-xiao Zheng Zi-An zhou Tiao Feng Hui Li Cheng-hua Sun NüWang Yang Tian Yong Zhao Shu-Yun zhou Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of the Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and DevicesSchool of ChemistryBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University and Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging Ministry of EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China e-mail:yangt@***

The underwater X-ray imaging technology development is significant to subaqueous target reconnaissance/detection/identification, subfluvial archaeology,submerged resource exploration, etc. As the core of X-ray imaging detection, the scintillator has been plagued by inherent moisture absorption and decomposition, and strict requirements for seamless packaging and waterproofing.Here, we designed a manganese-doped two-dimensional(2D) perovskite scintillator modified by hydrophobic longchain organic amine through the combination of component and doping engineering. The modified perovskites show high water repellency that can be used as an underwater X-ray scintillator. X-ray images of aquatic organisms or other objects with a high spatial resolution of10 lp·mm^(-1) at a big view field(32 mm × 32 mm) were obtained by scintillation screen. This hydrophobic perovskite scintillator based on molecular design is of great promise in underwater X-ray nondestructive testing technology development.

关键词： Two-dimensional perovskite Hydrophobic Scintillators Underwater X-ray imaging Underwater nondestructive testing technology

Severe liver injury and clinical characteristics of occupational exposure to 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide: A case series

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第2期23卷 186-194页

作者： Meng-xiao Feng hua Zou Yuan-Qiang Lu Department of Emergency Medicine The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310003China Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310003China Occupational Health and Radiation Protection Institute Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhou 310051China

Background:The 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide is a key intermediate in the synthesis of pesticides and pharmaceuticals.However,no literature currently exists on 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide poisoning in humans.This study aimed to reveal the health hazard of this chemical for humans and summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with occupational 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide poisoning.Methods:This observational study included four patients with 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide poisoning from June 2022 to July 2022.The entire course of the incidents was described in detail.Blood 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide concentrations were detected by a mass spectrometer.Hema-toxylin and eosin staining was performed to assess liver injury,and immunofluorescence was used to evaluate hepatic mitophagy.Results:The 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide powder(99%purity)entered the human body mainly via the skin and respiratory tract due to poor personal protective measures.The typical course of 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide poisoning was divided into latency,rash,fever,organic dam-age,and recovery phases in accordance with the clinical evolution.Rash and fever may be the important premonitory symptoms for further organ injuries.The chemical was detected in the blood of all patients and caused multiple organ injuries,predominantly liver injury,including kidney,myocardium,and micro-circulation.Three patients recovered smoothly after comprehensive treatments,including artificial liver therapy,continuous renal replacement therapy,glucocorticoids,and other symptomatic and supportive treatments.One patient survived by liver transplantation.The postoperative pathological findings of the removed liver showed acute liver failure,and immunofluorescence staining confirmed the abundance of mitophagy in residual hepatocytes.Conclusions:This study is the first to elaborate the clinical characteristics of patients with 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide poisoning.The chemical enter

关键词： 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide Poisoning Clinical characteristics Liver injury

Design of an on‑chip wavelength conversion device assisted by an erbium‑ytterbium co‑doped waveguide amplifier

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2024年第2期17卷 51-60页

作者： Chen zhou Xiwen He Mingyue xiao Deyue Ma Weibiao Chen Zhiping zhou School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Aerospace Laser Technology and System Department Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Hangzhou Aijie Optoelectronic Technology Co.Ltd. Hangzhou 311400China

In current documented studies,it has been observed that wavelength converters utilizing AlGaAsOI waveguides exhibit suboptimal on-chip wavelength conversion efficiency from the C-band to the 2μm band,generally falling below−20.0 dB.To address this issue,we present a novel wavelength conversion device assisted by a waveguide amplifier,incorporating both AlGaAs wavelength converter and erbium-ytterbium co-doped waveguide amplifier,thereby achieving a notable conversion efficiency exceeding 0 dB.The noteworthy enhancement in efficiency can be attributed to the specific dispersion design of the AlGaAs wavelength converter,which enables an upsurge in conversion efficiency to−15.54 dB under 100 mW of pump power.Furthermore,the integration of an erbium-ytterbium co-doped waveguide amplifier facilitates a loss compensation of over 15 dB.Avoiding the use of external optical amplifiers,this device enables efficient and high-bandwidth wavelength conversion,showing promising applications in various fields,such as optical communication,sensing,imaging,and beyond.

关键词： Silicon-based optoelectronics Wavelength conversion Waveguide amplifier 2μm band

Learnware:small models do big

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 39-50页

作者： Zhi-hua zhou Zhi-Hao TAN National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University

There are complaints about current machine learning techniques such as the requirement of a huge amount of training data and proficient training skills,the difficulty of continual learning,the risk of catastrophic forgetting,and the leaking of data privacy/proprietary.Most research efforts have been focusing on one of those concerned issues separately,paying less attention to the fact that most issues are entangled in practice.The prevailing big model paradigm,which has achieved impressive results in natural language processing and computer vision applications,has not yet addressed those issues,whereas becoming a serious source of carbon emissions.This article offers an overview of the learnware paradigm,which attempts to enable users not to need to build machine learning models from scratch,with the hope of reusing small models to do things even beyond their original purposes,where the key ingredient is the specification which enables a trained model to be adequately identified to reuse according to the requirement of future users who know nothing about the model in advance.

关键词： artificial intelligence machine learning learnware