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Profound loss of microbial necromass carbon in permafrost thaw-subsidence in the central Tibetan Plateau

Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第4期15卷 647-657页

作者： Wen-Ting ZHOU Quan-Lian LI Shi-Chang KANG xiao-Dong wu Tian MA xiao-bo wu Xin XIONG Tanuj SHUKLA Maheswar RUPAKHETI Dipesh RUPAKHETI Da-He QIN Xiu-Feng YIN Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric ScienceNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering Norhwest Instiute of Eco-Evironment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Scienes Lanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems and College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730020China Lushan botanical Garden Chinese Academy of SciencesJiujiang 332900China Research Institute for Sustainability-Helmholtz Centre Potsdam Potsdam 14467Germany Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China

Climate warming is causing rapid permafrost degradation,including thaw-induced subsidence,potentially resulting in heightened carbon ***,our understanding of the levels and variations of carbon components in permafrost,particularly during the degradation process,remains *** uncertainties arising from this process lead to inaccurate assessments of the climate effects during permafrost *** vast expanses of permafrost in the Tibetan Plateau,there is limited research available on SOC components,particularly in the central Tibetan *** remarkable variations in hydrothermal conditions across different areas of the Tibetan Plateau,the existing limited studies make it challenging to assess the overall SOC components in the permafrost across the Tibetan Plateau and simulate their future *** this study,we examined the properties of soil organic carbon(SOC)and microbial necromass carbon(MicrobialNC)in a representative permafrost thaw-subsidence area at the southern edge of continuous permafrost in the central Tibetan *** results indicate that prior to the thaw-subsidence,the permafrost had a SOC content of 72.68±18.53 mg g^(-1),with MicrobialNC accounting for 49.6%.The thaw-subsidence of permafrost led to a 56.4%reduction in SOC,with MicrobialNC accounting for 70.0%of the lost *** constitutes the primary component of permafrost SOC,and it is the main component that is lost during thaw-subsidence *** in MicrobialNC are primarily correlated with factors pH,plant input,and microbial *** present study holds crucial implications for both the ecological and biogeochemical processes associated with carbon release from permafrost,and it furnishes essential data necessary for modeling the global response of permafrost to climate *** on this study and previous research,permafrost thawing in the Tibetan Plateau causes substantial loss of ***,there's remarkable heterogeneit

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Thaw-subsidence Soil organic carbon Microbial necromass carbon Amino sugars

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On-chip boost regulator with projected off- and on-time control

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2009年第8期10卷 1223-1230页

作者： xiao-ru XU Meng-lian ZHAO xiao-bo wu Institute of VLSI Design Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

The boost type power supplies are widely used in portable consumer electronics to step up the input voltage to adapt for the high voltage applications like light-emitting diode(LED) driving and liquid crystal display(LCD) *** these applications,a regulator with small volume,fewer external components and high efficiency is highly *** paper proposes a projected off-and on-time boost control scheme,based on which a monolithic IC with an on-chip VDMOS with 0.2 Ω on-state resistance RDS-ON was implemented in 1.5 μm bipolar-CMOS-DMOS(BCD) process.A 12 V,0.3 A boost regulator prototype is presented as *** projected off-time and modulated on-time in continuous conduction mode(CCM),a quasi fixed frequency,which is preferred for ripple control,is *** projected on-time and modulated off-time in discontinuous conduction mode(DCM),pulse frequency modulation(PFM) operation,which is beneficial to light load efficiency improvement,is achieved without extra control *** results show that an efficiency of 3% higher than that of a conventional method under 0.5 W output is achieved while a step load transient response comparable to that of current mode control is maintained as well.

关键词： boost regulator Integrated circuits Pulse frequency modulation Projected off-time Projected on-time

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Multi-mode controller IC for soft-switched flyback converter with high efficiency over the entire load range

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2008年第10期9卷 1411-1419页

作者： Hai CHEN Meng-lian ZHAO xiao-bo wu xiao-lang YAN Institute of VLSI Design Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

This paper presents a multi-mode control scheme for a soft-switched flyback converter to achieve high efficiency and excellent load regulation over the entire load range. At heavy load, critical conduction mode with valley switching (CCMVS) is employed to realize soft switching so as to reduce turn-on loss of power switch as well as conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI). At light load, the converter operates in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) with valley switching and adaptive off-time control (AOT) to limit the switching frequency range and maintain load regulation. At extremely light load or in standby mode, burst mode operation is adopted to provide low power consumption through reducing both switching frequency and static power dissipation of the controller. The multi-mode control is implemented by an oscillator whose pulse duration is adjusted by output feedback. An accurate valley switching control circuit guarantees the minimum turn-on voltage drop of power switch. The pro-totype of the controller IC was fabricated in a 1.5-μm BiCMOS process and applied to a 310 V/20 V, 90 W flyback DC/DC converter circuitry. Experimental results showed that all expected functions were realized successfully. The flyback converter achieved a high efficiency of over 80% from full load down to 2.5 W, with the maximum reaching 88.8%, while the total power consumption in standby mode was about 300 mW.

关键词： Integrated circuit Multi-mode controller Soft-switched flyback converter Valley detection

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CCL2/CCR2 Contributes to the Altered Excitatory-inhibitory Synaptic Balance in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell Following Peripheral Nerve Injury-induced Neuropathic Pain

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2021年第7期37卷 921-933页

作者： xiao-bo wu Qian Zhu Yong-Jing Gao Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong UniversityNantong 226001China

The medium spiny neurons(MSNs)in the nucleus accumbens(NAc)integrate excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs and gate motivational and emotional behavior *** we report that the relative intensity of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs to MSNs of the NAc shell was decreased in mice with neuropathic pain induced by spinal nerve ligation(SNL).SNL increased the frequency,but not the amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents(sIPSCs),and decreased both the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents(sEPSCs)in the *** also decreased the paired-pulse ratio(PPR)of evoked IPSCs but increased the PPR of evoked ***,acute bath application of C–C motif chemokine ligand 2(CCL2)increased the frequency and amplitude of sIPSCs and sEPSCs in the MSNs,and especially strengthened the amplitude of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)-mediated miniature *** Ccl2 overexpression in the NAc in vivo decreased the peak amplitude of the sEPSC/sIPSC ***,Ccr2 knock-down improved the impaired induction of NMDAR-dependent long-term depression(LTD)in the NAc after *** results suggest that CCL2/CCR2 signaling plays a role in the integration of excitatory/inhibitory synaptic transmission and leads to an increase of the LTD induction threshold at the synapses of MSNs during neuropathic pain.

关键词： E/I balance Synaptic transmission LTD CCL2 CCR2 Nucleus accumbens Neuropathic pain

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Systemic immune inflammation index, ratio of lymphocytes to monocytes, lactate dehydrogenase and prognosis of diffuse large Bcell lymphoma patients

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第32期9卷 9825-9834页

作者： xiao-bo wu Shu-Ling Hou Hu Liu Department of Lymphoma Cancer CenterShanxi Bethune HospitalShanxi Academy of Medical SciencesTongji Shanxi HospitalThird Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan 030032Shanxi ProvinceChina Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030Hubei ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND In malignant tumors,inflammation plays a vital role in the development,invasion,and metastasis of cancer *** large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL),the most common malignant proliferative disease of the lymphatic system,is commonly associated with *** international prognostic index(IPI),which includes age,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),number of extranodal lesions,Ann Arbor score,and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)score,can evaluate the prognosis of ***,its use in accurately identifying highrisk patients and guiding treatment is ***,it is important to find novel immune markers in predicting the prognosis of DLBCL *** To determine the association between the systemic immune inflammation index(SII),ratio of lymphocytes to monocytes(LMR),ratio of LMR to LDH(LMR/LDH),and prognosis of patients with *** A total of 68 patients diagnosed with DLBCL,treated in our hospital between January 2016 and January 2020,were included.χ2 test,Pearson’s R correlation,Kaplan Meier curves,and Cox proportional risk regression analysis were *** differences in the SII,LMR,and LMR/LDH among patients with different clinicopathological features were *** differences in progression-free survival time among patients with different SII,LMR,and LMR/LDH expressions and influencing factors affecting the prognosis of DLBCL patients,were also *** The LMR and LMR/LDH in patients with Ann Arbor stage III–IV,ECOG score≥2,and SII,IPI score 2–5 were significantly higher than those of patients with Ann Arbor stage I-II and ECOG score<2(P<0.05).Patients with high SII,LMR,and LMR/LDH had progression-free survival times of 34 mo(95%CI:32.52–38.50),35 mo(95%CI:33.42–36.58)and 35 mo(95%CI:33.49–36.51),respectively,which were significantly lower than those with low SII,LMR,and LMR/LDH(P<0.05);the SII,LMR,and LMR/LDH were positively correlated(P<0.05).Cox proportional risk regression analysis showed that the SII,LMR,and L

关键词： Systemic immune inflammation index Ratio of lymphocytes to monocytes Lactate dehydrogenase Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma Prognosis

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A 20 μW 95 dB dynamic range 4th-order Delta-Sigma modulator with novel power efficient operational transconductance amplifier and resonator

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and Electronics) 2011年第6期12卷 486-498页

作者： Jian XU xiao-bo wu Meng-lian ZHAO Jun-yi SHEN Institute of VLSI Design Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

A low power high performance Delta-Sigma modulator for portable measurement applications is presented. To reduce power consumption while maintaining high performance, a fully feedforward architecture with a comprehensive system-level design is implemented. As a key building block, a novel power efficient current mirror operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) with a fast-settling less-error switched-capacitor common-mode feedback (SC CMFB) circuit is introduced, and the effects of both gain nonlinearity and 1/f noise of OTA are discussed. A new method to determine the voltage gain of an OTA is also proposed. The bottom terminal parasitic effect of poly-insulator-poly (PIP) capacitors is considered. About an extra 20% of capacitance is added to the total capacitance load. A power and area efficient resonator is adopted to realize a coefficient of 1/90 for 50% power and 75% area reduction compared with conventional designs. The chip is implemented in a low cost 0.35 μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The total power consumption is 20 μW with a 1.5 V supply, and the measured dynamic range (DR) is 95 dB over a 1 kHz bandwidth. Experimental results show that a high figure-of-merit (FOM) is achieved for the designed modulator in comparison with those from the literature.

关键词： Low power High performance Power efficient OTA and resonator Delta-Sigma modulator

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Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 in the Spinal Cord Contributes to Chronic Itch in Mice

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2018年第1期34卷 54-63页

作者： Peng-bo Jing De-Li Cao Si-Si Li Meixuan Zhu Xue-Qiang Bai xiao-bo wu Yong-Jing Gao Pain Research Laboratory Institute of Nautical MedicineJiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration Nantong University Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong University

Recent studies have shown that the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligand CXCL10 in the dorsal root ganglion mediate itch in experimental allergic contact dermatitis （ACD）. CXCR3 in the spinal cord also con- tributes to the maintenance of neuropathic pain. However, whether spinal CXCR3 is involved in acute or chronic itch remains unclear. Here, we report that Cxcr3-/- mice showed normal scratching in acute itch models but reduced scratching in chronic itch models of dry skin and ACD. In contrast, both formalin-induced acute pain and complete Freund＇s adjuvant-induced chronic inflammatory pain were reduced in Cxcr3-/- mice. In addition, the expression of CXCR3 and CXCL10 was increased in the spinal cord in the dry skin model induced by acetone and diethyl ether followed by water （AEW）. Intrathecal injection of a CXCR3 antagonist alleviated AEW-induced itch. Further- more, touch-elicited itch （alloknesis） after compound 48/80 or AEW treatment was suppressed in Cxcr3-/- mice. Finally, AEW-induced astrocyte activation was inhibited in Cxcr3-/- mice. Taken together, these data suggest that spinal CXCR3 mediates chronic itch and alloknesis, and targeting CXCR3 may provide effective treatment for chronic pruritus.

关键词： Chronic itch Alloknesis Dry skin CXCR3 CXCL10 - Spinal cord

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csd alleles in the red dwarf honey bee （Apis florea, Hymenoptera： Apidae） show exceptionally high nucleotide diversity

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Insect Science 2011年第6期18卷 645-651页

作者： Zhi-Yong Liu Zi-Long Wang xiao-bo wu Wei-Yu Yan Zhi-Jiang Zeng Honeybee Research Institute Jiangxi Agricultural University Experimental Animal Center Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention Nanchang China

The single locus complementary sex determination （sl-csd） gene is the primary gene determining the gender of honey bees （Apis spp.）. While the csd gene has been well studied in the Western honey bee （Apis mellifera）, and comparable data exist in both the Eastern honey bee （Apis cerana） and the giant honey bee （Apis dorsata）, no studies have been conducted in the red dwarf honey bee, Apisflorea. In this study we cloned the genomic region 3 of the A. florea csd gene from 60 workers, and identified 12 csd alleles. Analysis showed that similar to A. mellifera, region 3 of the csd gene contains a RS domain at the N terminal, a proline-rich domain at the C terminal, and a hypervariable region in the middle. However, the A. florea csd gene possessed a much higher level of nucleotide diversity, compared to A. mellifera, A. cerana and Apis dorsata. We also show that similar to the other three Apis species, in A. florea, nonsynonymous mutations in the csd gene are selectively favored in young alleles.

关键词： balancing selection complementary sex determination csd allele nucleotidediversity polymorphism positive selection

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RFID monitoring indicates honeybees work harder before a rainy day

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Insect Science 2016年第1期23卷 157-159页

作者： Xu-Jiang Her Liu-Qing Tian xiao-bo wu Zhi-Jiang Zeng Honeybee Research Institute Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang 330045 China

Storms are usually accompanied by a drop in tempera- ture, and an increase in wind and barometric pressure and rainfall, which have negative impacts on most activ- ities, survival and reproduction in insects （Gillot, 2005）. The majority of studies have mainly focused on how the flight activity of various flying insects such as honey- bees, bumble bees, horse flies and leafminers were directly influenced by intraday weather changes （Burnett ＆ Hays, 1974; Lundberg, 1980; Casas, 1989; Vicens ＆ bosch, 2000）.

关键词： RFID 蜜蜂雨天监测飞行活动天气变化斑潜蝇暴风雨

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Increased CXCL13 and CXCR5 in Anterior Cingulate Cortex Contributes to Neuropathic Pain-Related Conditioned Place Aversion

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2019年第4期35卷 613-623页

作者： xiao-bo wu Li-Na He Bao-Chun Jiang Xue Wang Ying Lu Yong-Jing Gao Institute of Pain Medicine Institute of Special Environmental Medicine Nantong University Nantong 226019 China Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health Nantong University Nantong 226019 China Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong University Nantong 226001 China

Pain consists of sensory-discriminative and emotional-affective *** anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)is a critical brain area in mediating the affective ***,the molecular mechanisms involved remain largely *** recent study indicated that C-X-C motif chemokine 13(CXCL13)and its sole receptor CXCR5 are involved in sensory sensitization in the spinal cord after spinal nerve ligation(SNL).Whether CXCL13/CXCR5 signaling in the ACC contributes to the pathogenesis of pain-related aversion remains ***,we showed that SNL increased the CXCL13 level and CXCR5 expression in the ACC after *** of CXCR5 by microinjection of Cxcr5 shRNA into the ACC did not affect SNL-induced mechanical allodynia but effectively alleviated neuropathic painrelated place avoidance ***,electrophysiological recording from layer Ⅱ-Ⅲ neurons in the ACC showed that SNL increased the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents(sEPSCs),decreased the EPSC paired-pulse ratio,and increased the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor/N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor ratio,indicating enhanced glutamatergic synaptic ***,superfusion of CXCL13 onto ACC slices increased the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous ***-injection of Cxcr5 shRNA into the ACC reduced the increase in glutamatergic synaptic transmis sion induced by ***,these results suggest that CXCL13/CXCR5 signaling in the ACC is involved in neuropathic pain-related aversion via synaptic potentiation.

关键词： CXCL13 CXCR5 Anterior cingulate cortex Neuropathic pain Conditioned place aversion Synaptic transmission

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