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DepthGAN: GAN-based depth generation from semantic layouts

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Computational Visual Media 2024年第3期10卷 505-522页

作者： Yidi li Jun xiao Yiqun Wang Zhengda Lu School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Computer Science Chongqing UniversityChongqingChina

Existing GAN-based generative methodsare typically used for semantic image synthesis. Wepose the question of whether GAN-based architecturescan generate plausible depth maps and find thatexisting methods have difficulty in generating depthmaps which reasonably represent 3D scene structuredue to the lack of global geometric ***, we propose DepthGAN, a novel method ofgenerating a depth map using a semantic layout asinput to aid construction, and manipulation of wellstructured 3D scene point clouds. Specifically, wefirst build a feature generation model with a cascadeof semantically-aware transformer blocks to obtaindepth features with global structural *** our semantically aware transformer block, wepropose a mixed attention module and a semanticallyaware layer normalization module to better exploitsemantic consistency for depth features ***, we present a novel semantically weighteddepth synthesis module, which generates adaptivedepth intervals for the current scene. We generate thefinal depth map by using a weighted combination ofsemantically aware depth weights for different depthranges. In this manner, we obtain a more accuratedepth map. Extensive experiments on indoor andoutdoor datasets demonstrate that DepthGAN achievessuperior results both quantitatively and visually for thedepth generation task.

关键词： depth map generation generative model transformer scene generation

Signifying quantum uncertainty relations by optimal observable sets and the tightest uncertainty constants

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第9期67卷 43-50页

作者： xiao-Bin liang Bo li Shao-Ming Fei School of Mathematics and Computer Science Shangrao Normal UniversityShangrao 334001China Quantum Information Research Center Shangrao Normal UniversityShangrao 334001China School of Mathematical Sciences Capital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China

Quantum uncertainty relations constrain the precision of measurements across multiple non-commuting quantum mechanical ***,we introduce the concept of optimal observable sets and define the tightest uncertainty constants to accurately describe these measurement *** any quantum state,we establish optimal sets of three observables for both product and summation forms of uncertainty relations,and analytically derive the corresponding tightest uncertainty *** demonstrate that the optimality of these sets remains consistent regardless of the uncertainty relation ***,the existence of the tightest constants excludes the validity of standard real quantum mechanics,underscoring the essential role of complex numbers in this ***,our findings resolve the conjecture posed in[***.118,180402(2017)],offering novel insights and potential applications in understanding preparation uncertainties.

关键词： uncertainty relation the tightest uncertainty constants optimal observable sets

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mRNA vaccine technology for infectious diseases and beyond

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Science China(life Sciences) 2024年第10期67卷 2267-2270页

作者： Pei Hao xiao li Xuan li Wu Zhong Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology Shanghai Institute of Immunity and InfectionChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China Changchun Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun 130122China Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The rise of mRNA vaccine technology Vaccines stand as one of the most significant medical advancements,playing a crucial role in the prevention of infectious diseases and the improvement of global *** triumph of smallpox vaccination stands as a towering achievement in the annals of healthcare,leading to the complete elimination of a oncedevastating disease and showcasing the efficacy of vaccination methods.

关键词： methods vaccination prevention

Understanding the failure mechanism towards developing high-voltage single-crystal Ni-rich Co-free cathodes

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第6期9卷 1045-1057页

作者： Jixue Shen Bao Zhang Changwang Hao xiao li Zhiming xiao Xinyou He Xing Ou Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials School of Metallurgy and EnvironmentCentral South UniversityChangsha410083China Zhejiang Power New Energy Co. Ltd.Zhuji311899China Material Science and Chemistry Engineering College China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China

Benefited from its high process feasibility and controllable costs,binary-metal layered structured liNi_(0.8)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NM)can effectively alleviate the cobalt supply crisis under the surge of global electric vehicles(EVs)sales,which is considered as the most promising nextgeneration cathode material for lithium-ion batteries(liBs).However,the lack of deep understanding on the failure mechanism of NM has seriously hindered its application,especially under the harsh condition of high-voltage without sacrifices of reversible ***,singlecrystal liNi_(0.8)Mn_(0.2)O_(2) is selected and compared with traditional liNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM),mainly focusing on the failure mechanism of Cofree cathode and illuminating the significant effect of Co element on the li/Ni antisite defect and dynamic ***,the presence of high li/Ni antisite defect in NM cathode easily results in the extremely dramatic H2/H3 phase transition,which exacerbates the distortion of the lattice,mechanical strain changes and exhibits poor electrochemical performance,especially under the high cutoff ***,the reaction kinetic of NM is impaired due to the absence of Co element,especially at the single-crystal ***,the negative influence of li/Ni antisite defect is controllable at low current densities,owing to the attenuated ***,Co-free NM can exhibit better safety performance than that of NCM *** findings are beneficial for understanding the fundamental reaction mechanism of single-crystal Ni-rich Co-free cathode materials,providing new insights and great encouragements to design and develop the next generation of liBs with low-cost and high-safety performances.

关键词： li/Ni antisite defect Dynamic characteristic High-voltage Single-crystal Ni-rich Co-free cathodes lithium-ion batteries

Sustainable Intensification and Large-scale Operation of Cultivated Land Use at the Farmers’ Scale:A Case Study of Shandong Province,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第1期34卷 149-167页

作者： li li LYU xiao ZHANG Anlu NIU Shandong PENG Wenlong School of Public Administration Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China Department of Geography University of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland School of Humanities and Law Northeastern UniversityShenyang110169China School of Geography and Tourism Qufu Normal UniversityRizhao276800China

Sustainable intensification of cultivated land use(SICLU) and large-scale operations(LSO) are widely acknowledged strategies for enhancing agricultural ***,the existing literature has faced challenges in precisely defining SICLU and constructing comprehensive indicators,which has hindered the exploration of factors influencing LSO within the SICLU *** address this gap,we integrated self-efficacy theory into the design of an index framework for evaluating *** subsequently employed econometric models to analyze the significant factors that impact *** findings reveal that SICLU can be divided into four key dimensions:intensive management,efficient output,resource conservation,and ecological environment ***,it is crucial to incorporate belief-based cognitive factors into the index system,as farmers’ understanding of fertilizer and pesticide application significantly influences their willingness to engage in ***,we identify grain market turnover as the most influential factor in promoting LSO,with single-factor contribution rates reaching 70.9% for cultivated land transfer willingness and 62.5% for the total planting ***,unlike irrigation and agricultural machinery inputs,increased labor inputs correspond to larger planting areas for *** trend may be attributed to reduced labor availability because of rural labor migration,whereas the reduction in irrigation and agricultural input is contingent on innovations in production practices and the transfer of cultivated land management ***,SICLU dynamically influences LSO,with each index related to SICLU having an optimal range that fosters *** insights offer valuable guidance for policymakers,emphasizing farmers as their central focus,with the adjustment of input and output factors as a means to achieve LSO as the ultimate *** conclusion,we propose research avenues for further enriching the SICLU framework to ensur

关键词： sustainable intensification of cultivated land use(SICLU) self-efficacy status quo bias input and output Boosted Regression Tree willingness to transfer cultivated land cultivated land planting areas Shandong,China

The Response of Carbonate System to Watershed Urbanization Process in a Semi-Arid River

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第4期23卷 991-1002页

作者： li Yunxiao DANG Jiajia HUANG xiao YANG Hong WANG xiao li lina BAI Jie CHEN Xi Department of Environmental Science College of Resource and EnvironmentShanxi Agricultural UniversityTaigu 030801China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Geography and Environmental Science University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66ABUK Marine Agriculture Research Center Tobacco Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesQingdao 266101China 5 Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology Ministry of EducationCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China

Different from rivers in humid areas,the variability of riverine CO_(2) system in arid areas is heavily impacted by anthropogenic disturbance with the increasing urbanization and water *** this study,the water chemistry and the controls of carbonate system in an urbanized river(the Fenhe River)on the semi-arid Loess Plateau were *** water chemistry of the river water showed that the high dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC)concentration(about 37 mg L^(-1))in the upstream with a karst land type was mainly sourced from carbonate weathering involved by H_(2)CO_(3) and H_(2)SO_(4),resulting in an oversaturated partial pressure of CO_(2)(pCO_(2))(about 800μatm).In comparison,damming resulted in the widespread appearance of non-free flowing river segments,and aquatic photosynthesis dominated the DIC and pCO_(2) spatiality demonstrated by the enriched stable isotope of DIC(δ^(13)CDIC).Especially in the mid-downstream flowing through major cities in warm and low-runoff August,some river segments even acted as an atmospheric CO_(2) *** noteworthy is wastewater input leading to a sudden increase in DIC(>55 mg L^(-1))and pCO_(2)(>4500μatm)in the downstream of Taiyuan City,and in cold November the increased DIC even extended to the outlet of the *** results highlight the effects of aquatic production induced by damming and urban sewage input on riverine CO_(2) system in semi-arid areas,and reducing sewage discharge may mitigate CO_(2) emission from the rivers.

关键词： dissolved inorganic carbon stable carbon isotope carbonate weathering aquatic photosynthesis sewage input the Fenhe River

Large-inductance superconducting microstrip photon detector enabling 10 photon-number resolution

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第1期6卷 96-105页

作者： ling-Dong Kong Tian-Zhu Zhang xiao-Yu liu Hao li Zhen Wang xiao-Ming xie li-Xing You Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyNational Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated CircuitsShanghaiChina CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics ShanghaiChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringBeijingChina

Efficient and precise photon-number-resolving detectors are essential for optical quantum information *** this,very few detectors have been able to distinguish photon numbers with both high fidelity and a large dynamic range,all while maintaining high speed and high timing *** nanostrip-based detectors excel at counting single photons efficiently and rapidly,but face challenges in balancing dynamic range and ***,we have pioneered the demonstration of 10 true photon-number resolution using a superconducting microstrip detector,with readout fidelity reaching an impressive 98%and 90%for 4-photon and 6-photon events,***,our proposed dual-channel timing setup drastically reduces the amount of data acquisition by 3 orders of magnitude,allowing for real-time photon-number *** then demonstrate the utility of our scheme by implementing a quantum random-number generator based on sampling the parity of a coherent state,which guarantees inherent unbiasedness,robustness against experimental imperfections and environmental noise,as well as invulnerability to *** solution boasts high fidelity,a large dynamic range,and real-time characterization for photon-number resolution and simplicity with respect to device structure,fabrication,and readout,which may provide a promising avenue towards optical quantum information science.

关键词： superconducting microstrips single-photon detector photon-number resolution quantum random number

Reactor field reconstruction from sparse and movable sensors using Voronoi tessellation-assisted convolutional neural networks

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 173-185页

作者： He-lin Gong Han li Dunhui xiao Sibo Cheng Paris Elite Institute of Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Mathematical Sciences Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Computing Data Science InstituteImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK

The aging of operational reactors leads to increased mechanical vibrations in the reactor *** vibration of the incore sensors near their nominal locations is a new problem for neutronic field *** field-reconstruction methods fail to handle spatially moving *** this study,we propose a Voronoi tessellation technique in combination with convolutional neural networks to handle this *** from movable in-core sensors were projected onto the same global field structure using Voronoi tessellation,holding the magnitude and location information of the *** convolutional neural networks were used to learn maps from observations to the global *** proposed method reconstructed multi-physics fields(including fast flux,thermal flux,and power rate)using observations from a single field(such as thermal flux).Numerical tests based on the IAEA benchmark demonstrated the potential of the proposed method in practical engineering applications,particularly within an amplitude of 5 cm around the nominal locations,which led to average relative errors below 5% and 10% in the L_(2) and L_(∞)norms,respectively.

关键词： Voronoi tessellation Field reconstruction Nuclear reactors Reactor physics On-line monitoring

Origin of off-centering effect and the influence on heat transport in thermoelectrics

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Materials Futures 2024年第1期3卷 142-149页

作者： Hongyao xie li-Dong Zhao School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191People’s Republic of China

Recently,off-centering behavior has been discovered in a series of thermoelectric *** behavior indicates that the constituent atoms of the lattice displace from their coordination centers,leading to the locally distorted state and local symmetry breaking,while the material still retains its original crystallographic *** effect has been proved to be the root cause of ultralow thermal conductivity in off-centering materials,and is considered as an effective tool to regulate the thermal conductivity and improve the thermoelectric ***,we present a collection of recently discovered off-centering compounds,discuss their electronic origins and local coordination structures,and illuminate the underlying mechanism of the off-centering effect on phonon transport and thermal *** paper presents a comprehensive view of our current understanding to the off-centering effect,and provides a new idea for designing high performance thermoelectrics.

关键词： thermoelectric thermal conductivity off-centering behavior acoustic-optical phonon scattering