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Multichannel Lanthanide-Doped Nanoprobes Improve Diagnostic Performance

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Accounts of Materials Research 2020年第3期1卷 225-235页

作者： Yuxin Liu Zheng Wei Xianquan Liao Jing Zhou Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices&Department of Chemistry Capital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China

CONSPECTUS:Diagnostics are vital in healthcare services because of their ability to reveal disease occurrence and evaluate therapeutic performance.Recent advances in nanoprobes have revolutionized the diagnostics field.These nanoprobes typically contain one or more signal channels;thereby,they are able to quantify chemical signals or locate spatial indicators upon signal collection.It is noteworthy that multichannel nanoprobes have more merits than conventional single-channel ones,which has recently attracted significant interest.A benefit of this approach is that multiple signals will generate more information in one single test,which avoids omitting details and reduces the risk of false results.Additionally,multiple signals give more instrumentation options to operators,which allows diagnostics in broad clinical conditions.As a result,multichannel nanoprobes are ideal tools to increase diagnostic performance.Due to the specific 4f electrons,lanthanide ions have simultaneous and extraordinary electric,optical,and magnetic capacities.Therefore,lanthanide-doped nanomaterials are advanced candidates for fabricating multichannel nanoprobes and hence are favorable for biological and medical studies.In this Account,we highlight recent progress in designing multichannel lanthanide-doped nanoprobes to improve biomolecule detection and diagnostic performance with a particular focus on our own work.First,we present a brief overview on the type of signals that are available for constructing multichannel nanoprobes.The principles and merits of each signal are highlighted.Then,we summarize the general strategies of integrating multiple types of signals into one nanoprobe.Using this strategy,we have fabricated a series of multichannel lanthanide-doped nanoprobes and have explored their potential to improve diagnostic precision from different aspects.Finally,we propose an outlook on future development and possible issues of next-generation lanthanidedoped nanoprobes with multiple signal channels.We hope this timely account can

关键词： probes details integrating

The influence of airtightness on contaminant spread in MURBs in cold climates

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Building Simulation 2022年第2期15卷 249-264页

作者： Philip Mckeen Zaiyi liao Department of Architectural Science Ryerson UniversityTorontoM5B2K3Canada

Tall buildings in cold climates have unique challenges in maintaining indoor air quality due to stack effect.During the heating season,interior air buoyancy creates large pressure differentials in vertical shafts that can drive airflow from lower floors into upper floors.This pressure differential can result in the spread of contaminants throughout a building.Most recently,concern over COVID-19 has increased attention to the potential spread of airborne diseases in densely populated buildings.For many multi-unit residential buildings,suite ventilation has traditionally relied upon fresh air supplied through a mechanically pressurized corridor.In cold climates,large pressure differentials created by stack-effect can reduce the effectiveness of this approach.Multizone and CFD simulations are employed to analyze airflow and contaminant spread due to stack effect.Simulations are conducted on an idealized model of a 10-storey building using a range of experimentally derived airtightness parameters.Simulations demonstrate stack effect can reduce corridor ventilation to suites and even reverse the airflow for leakier buildings.Reduced airflow to suites can result in the accumulation of contaminants.Reversal of the airflow can allow contaminants from a suite to spread throughout the building.Contaminant spread is illustrated as a function of mechanical ventilation,building airtightness,and ambient temperatures.Strategies to reduce the influence of stack effect on mechanically pressurized corridors are discussed.

关键词： MURBs ventilation contamination spread stack effect

Towards sustainable adversarial training with successive perturbation generation

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2024年第4期25卷 527-539页

作者： Wei LIN Lichuan liao College of Computer Science and Mathematics Fujian University of TechnologyFuzhou 350118China College of Economics and Management Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710048China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Applications Fujian University of TechnologyFuzhou 350118China

Adversarial training with online-generated adversarial examples has achieved promising performance in defending adversarial attacks and improving robustness of convolutional neural network models.However,most existing adversarial training methods are dedicated to finding strong adversarial examples for forcing the model to learn the adversarial data distribution,which inevitably imposes a large computational overhead and results in a decrease in the generalization performance on clean data.In this paper,we show that progressively enhancing the adversarial strength of adversarial examples across training epochs can effectively improve the model robustness,and appropriate model shifting can preserve the generalization performance of models in conjunction with negligible computational cost.To this end,we propose a successive perturbation generation scheme for adversarial training(SPGAT),which progressively strengthens the adversarial examples by adding the perturbations on adversarial examples transferred from the previous epoch and shifts models across the epochs to improve the efficiency of adversarial training.The proposed SPGAT is both efficient and effective;e.g.,the computation time of our method is 900 min as against the 4100 min duration observed in the case of standard adversarial training,and the performance boost is more than 7%and 3%in terms of adversarial accuracy and clean accuracy,respectively.We extensively evaluate the SPGAT on various datasets,including small-scale MNIST,middle-scale CIFAR-10,and large-scale CIFAR-100.The experimental results show that our method is more efficient while performing favorably against state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： Adversarial training Adversarial attack Stochastic weight average Machine learning Model generalization

Avoiding Small Denominator Problems by Means of the Homotopy Analysis Method

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2023年第2期15卷 267-299页

作者： Shijun liao Center of Marine Numerical Experiment State Key Laboratory of Ocean EngineeringShanghai 200240China School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The so-called“small denominator problem”was a fundamental problem of dynamics,as pointed out by Poincar´e.Small denominators appear most commonly in perturbative theory.The Duffing equation is the simplest example of a non-integrable system exhibiting all problems due to small denominators.In this paper,using the forced Duffing equation as an example,we illustrate that the famous“small denominator problems”never appear if a non-perturbative approach based on the homotopy analysis method(HAM),namely“the method of directly defining inverse mapping”(MDDiM),is used.The HAM-based MDDiM provides us great freedom to directly define the inverse operator of an undetermined linear operator so that all small denominators can be completely avoided and besides the convergent series of multiple limit-cycles of the forced Duffing equation with high nonlinearity are successfully obtained.So,from the viewpoint of the HAM,the famous“small denominator problems”are only artifacts of perturbation methods.Therefore,completely abandoning perturbation methods but using the HAM-based MDDiM,one would be never troubled by“small denominators”.The HAM-based MDDiM has general meanings in mathematics and thus can be used to attack many open problems related to the so-called“small denominators”.

关键词： Small denominator problem Duffing equation limit cycle homotopy analysis method(HAM) MDDiM

Construction of Intelligent Recommendation Retrieval Model of FuJian Intangible Cultural Heritage Digital Archives Resources

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第7期37卷 677-690页

作者： Xueqing liao Quanzhou University of Information Engineering School for Creative StudiesQuanzhouFujian362000China

In order to improve the consistency between the recommended retrieval results and user needs,improve the recommendation efficiency,and reduce the average absolute deviation of resource retrieval,a design method of intelligent recommendation retrieval model for Fujian intangible cultural heritage digital archive resources based on knowledge atlas is proposed.The TG-LDA(Tag-granularity LDA)model is proposed on the basis of the standard LDA(Linear Discriminant Analysis)model.The model is used to mine archive resource topics.The Pearson correlation coefficient is used to measure the relevance between topics.Based on the measurement results,the FastText deep learning model is used to achieve archive resource classification.According to the classification results,TF-IDF(term frequency–inverse document frequency)algorithm is used to calculate the weight of resource retrieval keywords to achieve resource retrieval,and a recommendation model of intangible cultural heritage digital archives resources is built through the knowledge map to achieve comprehensive and personalized recommendation of resources.The experimental results show that the recommendation and retrieval results of the proposed method are more in line with users’needs,can provide users with personalized digital archive resources,and the average absolute deviation of resource retrieval is low,the recommendation efficiency is high,and the utilization effect of archive resources is effectively improved.

关键词： Knowledge map intangible cultural heritage digital archives intelligent recommendation search TG-LDA model fasttext model

An evolutionary note on smart city development in China

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022年第6期23卷 966-974页

作者： Ruizhi liao Liping CHEN School of Humanities and Social Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong(Shenzhen)Shenzhen 518172China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of IoT Intelligent Systems and Wireless Network Technology Shenzhen518172China Enterprise&Technology Security IBMDublinIrland

Urbanization is an important indicator of a country's degree of modernization.According to the World Urbanization Report by the Department of Economic andSocial Affairsof the United Nations,morethan 55%of the world's population lives in cities,with this figure projected to rise to 70%by 2050(United Nations,2018).China's urban population accounts for 60%of the national total in 2020,and is expected to reach a very ambitious rate,80%,by 2050(Deloitte,2018).

关键词： Urbanization smart evolutionary

Phase equilibrium studies of titanomagnetite and ilmenite smelting slags

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第12期29卷 2162-2171页

作者： Jinfa liao Baojun Zhao International Research Institute for Resources EnergyEnvironment and MaterialsJiangxi University of Science and TechnologyGanzhou 341000China Sustainable Minerals Institute University of QueenslandBrisbaneSaint Lucia 4072Australia

The phase equilibrium information of slag plays an important role in pyrometallurgical processes to obtain optimum fluxing conditions and operating temperatures.The smelting reduction of titanomagnetite and ilmenite ores in an iron blast furnace(BF)can form Ti(C,N)particles,causing the increased viscosities of slag and hot metal.HIsmelt has been developed in recent years for ironmaking and does not need coke and sinter.The formation of Ti(C,N)in the HIsmelt process is avoided because the oxygen partial pressure in the process is higher than that in the BF.The smelting of TiO_(2)-containing ores in the HIsmelt process results in Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO-SiO_(2)-CaO-TiO_(2)slag.Phase equilibrium in this slag system has been investigated using equilibration,quenching,and electron probe microanalysis techniques.The experimental results were presented in two pseudo-binary sections,which represent the process of HIsmelt for the treatment of 100%titanomagnetite ore and mixed titanomagnetite+ilmenite ore(mass ratio of 2:1),respectively.The primary phases observed in the composition range investigated include pseudo-brookite M_(3)O_(5)(MgO·2TiO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)·TiO_(2)),spinel(MgO·Al_(2)O_(3)),perovskite CaTiO_(3),and rutile TiO_(2).The results show that the liquidus temperatures decrease in the TiO_(2)and M_(3)O_(5) primary phase fields and increase in the spinel and CaTiO_(3)primary phase fields with the increase in CaO concentration.The calculation of solid-phase fractions from the experimental data has been demonstrated.The effect of basicity on the liquidus temperatures of the slag has been discussed.The smelting of titanomagnetite plus ilmenite ores has significant advantages to obtain low-sulfur hot metal and high-TiO_(2)slag.Experimentally determined liquidus temperatures were compared with the FactSage predictions to evaluate the existing thermodynamic databases.

关键词： HIsmelt slag phase equilibrium Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO-SiO_(2)-CaO-TiO_(2)system FactSage

Joint Multi-Domain Channel Estimation Based on Sparse Bayesian Learning for OTFS System

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China Communications 2023年第1期20卷 14-23页

作者： Yong liao Xue Li School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

Since orthogonal time-frequency space(OTFS)can effectively handle the problems caused by Doppler effect in high-mobility environment,it has gradually become a promising candidate for modulation scheme in the next generation of mobile communication.However,the inter-Doppler interference(IDI)problem caused by fractional Doppler poses great challenges to channel estimation.To avoid this problem,this paper proposes a joint time and delayDoppler(DD)domain based on sparse Bayesian learning(SBL)channel estimation algorithm.Firstly,we derive the original channel response(OCR)from the time domain channel impulse response(CIR),which can reflect the channel variation during one OTFS symbol.Compare with the traditional channel model,the OCR can avoid the IDI problem.After that,the dimension of OCR is reduced by using the basis expansion model(BEM)and the relationship between the time and DD domain channel model,so that we have turned the underdetermined problem into an overdetermined problem.Finally,in terms of sparsity of channel in delay domain,SBL algorithm is used to estimate the basis coefficients in the BEM without any priori information of channel.The simulation results show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed channel estimation algorithm.

关键词： OTFS sparse Bayesian learning basis expansion model channel estimation

Organic Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Stereoselective Cationic RAFT Polymerization:The Effect of RAFT Agents

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第6期42卷 711-717页

作者： Zheng-Yi Zhang Zan Yang Yun liao Sai-Hu liao Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery(Fujian Province University) College of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Beijing100190China

The tacticity of vinyl polymers is a key factor affecting the properties of materials.Recently,organic Brønsted acids have been demonstrated as effective catalysts for the development of highly stereoselective cationic reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT)polymerizations of vinyl ethers,in which the use of RAFT agents could allow the control the molecular weight and tacticity of polymer products simultaneously.However,the effect of RAFT agents on the tacticity-regulation remains elusive and lacks of investigation.In this study,we synthesized four types of RAFT agents and evaluated their influence in the stereoselective cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether in the presence of PADI as a Brønsted acid catalyst,which unveils that the Z group of RAFT agents could not only affect the polydispersity of the products,but also exert a profound effect on the stereoselectivity.After extensive screening of the RAFT agents,high stereoregularity(isotacticity,90%m)was obtained when using dithiocarbonate ester-type RAFT agents with a benzyloxy Z group.

关键词： Bronsted acid catalysis Stereoselective cationic polymerization RAFT polymerization Chain transfer agents Tacticity