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Development of a deviation package method for low-cost robust optimization in compressor blade design

Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第4期37卷 166-180页

作者： Mingzhi LI xianjun yu Dejun MENG Guangfeng AN Baojie LIU Research Institute of Aero-Engine Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China National Key Laboratory of Science&Technology on Aero-Engine Aero-Thermodynamics Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China AECC Shenyang Engine Research Institute Shenyang 110015China

Manufacture variations can greatly increase the performance variability of compressor blades. Current robust design optimization methods have a critical role in reducing the adverse impact of the variations, but can be affected by errors if the assumptions of the deviation models and distribution parameters are inaccurate. A new approach for robust design optimization without the employment of the deviation models is proposed. The deviation package method and the interval estimation method are exploited in this new approach. Simultaneously, a stratified strategy is used to reduce the computational cost and assure the optimization accuracy. The test case employed for this study is a typical transonic compressor blade profile, which resembles most of the manufacture features of modern compressor blades. A set of 96 newly manufactured blades was measured using a coordinate measurement machine to obtain the manufacture variations and produce a deviation package. The optimization results show that the scatter of the aerodynamic performance for the optimal robust design is 20% less than the baseline value. By comparing the optimization results obtained from the deviation package method with those obtained from widely-used methods employing the deviation model, the efficiency and accuracy of the deviation package method are demonstrated. Finally, the physical mechanisms that control the robustness of different designs were further investigated, and some statistical laws of robust design were extracted.

关键词： Manufacture variations Robust design optimization Compressor leading edge Aerodynamics Physical mechanism

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Multifunctional RGD coated a single-atom iron nanozyme:A highly selective approach to inducing ferroptosis and enhancing immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5469-5478页

作者： Haoqi Pan Xu Chen Mingming Xiao He Xu Jiansheng Guo Zhiyi Lu Dong Cen xianjun yu Si Shi Department of Pancreatic Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai 200032China Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute Shanghai 200032China Pancreatic Cancer Institute Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province Qianwan Institute of CNITECHNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201China Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310016China Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province Department of General SurgerySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310016China

Nanozyme is a new promising approach to cancer therapy for its ability to induce ferroptosis by activating H_(2)O_(2)via a traditional radical pathway and enhance cancer immunotherapy.However,short half-life period of hydroxyl radical(·OH)results in unsatisfied effectiveness.Herein,we synthesized a single-atom iron nanozyme(Fe-SAzyme),which can activate H_(2)O_(2)via a non-radical pathway to generate Fe-based reactive oxygen species(ROS)(O=FeO_(3)=O)for promoting the ferroptosis of pancreatic cancer cells.This Fe-SAzyme could be specifically phagocytosed by pancreatic cancer cells,increasing ROS levels and inhibiting glutathione(GSH)synthesis,which activates ferroptosis.Tumor magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)showed decreased T2 signal after intravenous injection of RGD@Fe-AC(AC=activated carbon).Moreover,RGD@Fe-AC promoted dendritic cell(DC)maturation,overcame Treg-mediated immunosuppression,activated T cells to trigger adaptive immune responses,and enhanced the efficacy ofα-PD-L1 immunotherapy.Our research demonstrated that RGD@Fe-AC provided a straightforward,easily implemented,and selective approach for pancreatic cancer treatment and immunotherapy.

关键词： single-atom iron nanozyme pancreatic cancer immunotherapy ferroptosis

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Numerical and experimental study of bleed impact in multistage axial compressors

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2023年第2期36卷 1-16页

作者： Baojie LIU Xinwei ZHUANG Guangfeng AN xianjun yu Research Institute of Aero-Engine Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero-Thermodynamics Beijing 100191China School of Energy and Power Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

In this study,the influence of inter-stage bleeding on the compressor performance and inter-stage flow field of a multistage axial compressor is investigated by both experimental and numerical methods.The experiment is conducted on a four-stage low-speed axial compressor,and a specific computational model is built to simulate the experiment environment accurately.To illuminate the fluid mechanisms of bleeding effect in detail,both the experiment and the simulation are carried out twice,i.e.,in the first time,the mass flow rate upstream the bleed location is constant under different bleed rate conditions;while in the second time,the mass flow rate downstream the bleed location is constant under different bleed rate conditions.The results demonstrate that inter-stage bleeding has little influence on upstream compressor characteristics,and affects the upstream flow field only in the rear half of the stator.The bleed effect on the downstream flow field is embodied in the variation of an incoming flow profile,an increase as the compressor inlet flow coefficient decreases.Therefore,such an effect is only significant on compressor characteristics at small flow coefficient conditions.In multistage compressors,the variation of compressor characteristics and flow field caused by inter-stage bleeding is the comprehensive result of the bleeding and the variation of the upstream working condition.In addition,the comparison between numerical and experimental results shows that the flow moves towards top half of span through the downstream rotor passage in the numerical simulation,whereas the trend of flow field variation with different bleed rates at the outlet of the downstream rotor and stator is the same with that at the inlet of the downstream rotor in the experiment,which means that the numerical method has overestimated the radial mixing intensity of the flow.

关键词： Compressor characteristics Inter-stage bleeding Low-speed compressor experiment Multistage axial compressor Spanwise mixing

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Method for utilizing PIV to investigate high curvature and acceleration boundary layer flows around the compressor blade leading edge

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2022年第12期35卷 72-88页

作者： Baojie LIU Xiaobin XU xianjun yu Guangfeng AN Research Institute of Aero-Engine Beihang UniversityBeijing 100083China National Key Laboratory of Science&Technology on Aero-Engine Aero-Thermodynamics Beihang UniversityBeijing 100083China School of Energy and Power Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100083China

Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV)is a well-developed and contactless technique in experimental fluid mechanics,but the strong velocity gradient and streamline curvature near the wall substantially limits its accuracy improvement.This paper presents a data processing procedure combining conventional PIV and newly developed Mirror Interchange(MI)based Interface-PIV for the measurement of the boundary layer parameter development in the blade leading edge region.The synthetic particle images are used to analyze the measurement errors in the entire procedure.Overall,three types of errors,namely the errors caused by the Window Deformation Iterative Multigrid(WIDIM)algorithm,the discrete data interpolation and integration,and the wall offset uncertainty,comprise the main measurement error.Specifically,the errors due to the discrete data interpolation and integration and the WIDIM algorithm comprise the mean bias,which can be corrected through the error analysis method proposed in the present work.Meanwhile,the errors due to the WIDIM algorithm and the wall offset uncertainty contribute to the measurement uncertainty.Computational fluid dynamics-based synthetic particle flows were generated to verify the newly developed PIV data processing procedure and the corresponding error analysis method.Results showed that the data processing method could improve the accuracy of PIV measurements for boundary layer flows with high curvature and acceleration and even with significant flow separation bubbles.Finally,the data processing method is also applied in a PIV experiment to investigate the boundary layer flows around a compressor blade leading edge,and several credible boundary flow parameters were obtained.

关键词： Boundary layer measurement Compressor blade leading edge Mirror interchange method Particle image velocimetry Planar cascade experiment

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Exploration of acceptable operating range for a compression system in a double bypass engine

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中国航空学报:英文版 2023年第9期36卷 111-122页

作者： Ruoyu WANG xianjun yu Baojie LIU Guangfeng AN Research Institute of Aero-Engine Beihang UniversityBeijing 102206China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero-Thermodynamics Beijing 102206China

The variable cycle engine is distinguished by its highly adjustable compression system,whose aerodynamic characteristic is extremely complex.To explore the regulation range of a double bypass engine compression system,a multi-dimensional analysis method is developed,through which the coupling mechanism between the compressor component and the bypass is examined.The operation zones of the compressor components and the bypass system are proposed,and the operation range of the compression system is obtained by calculating the overlapping part of the operation zones.The results show that in the double bypass mode,there exists a minimum mode selector valve area and a minimum core driven fan stage stall margin that ensures a feasible bypass flow,the two parameters correspond to each other.Under the given fan and core driven fan stage conditions,the maximum value of the inner bypass ratio is restricted by the upper limit of the forward variable area bypass injector and the maximum Mach number in the total bypass,while the minimum value of the inner bypass ratio depends on the lower limit of the forward variable area bypass injector geometry and the system recirculation margin.The single bypass mode is a unique condition of the double bypass mode,as the operation zone of the compressor component degenerates from a two-dimensional surface to a straight line.There are multiple bypass states available in the single bypass mode,while the regulation range of the bypass ratio is jointly restricted by the operation range of the high pressure compressor and the aerodynamic boundary of the forward variable area bypass injector.

关键词： Compression system Coupling effect Matching mechanism Multi-dimensional method Operation range Variable cycle engine

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Using tandem blades to break loading limit of highly loaded axial compressors

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2022年第4期35卷 165-175页

作者： Baojie LIU Chuanhai ZHANG Guangfeng AN Du FU xianjun yu Research Institute of Aero-Engine Beihang UniversityBeijing 100083China School of Energy and Power Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100083China Gree Electric Appliances Inc.of ZhuhaiZhuhai 519070China

It is confirmed that tandem-blade configurations have potential to enlarge the flow turning in two-dimension(2D) studies. However, the potential of tandem blades to enlarge the design space for highly loaded axial compressors was rarely investigated in open literatures. The present work aims to show the capability of tandem blades to break the loading limit of conventional blades for highly loaded compressors. The 2D models of the maximum static pressure rise derived in previous work were validated by a large amount experimental data, which showed a good agreement. An E parameter was defined to evaluate the stall margin of compressor based on the theoretical models, which indicated that the tandem blade was able to increase the loading limit of axial compressors. A single-blade stage with a loading coefficient of 0.46(based on the blade tip rotating speed) was designed as the baseline case under the guidance of the E parameter. A tandem-blade stage was then designed by ensuring that the velocity triangles were similar to the single-blade stage. The performances of both stages were investigated experimentally. The results showed that the maximum efficiency of the tandem-blade stage was 92.8%, 1% higher than the single;the stall margin increased from 16.9% to 22.3%. Besides, the maximum pressure rise of tandem rotors was beyond the loading limit of 2D single-blade cascades, which confirmed the potential of tandem blades to break the loading limit of axial compressors.

关键词： Cascades Highly loaded axial compressors Loading limit Single blades Tandem blades

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Epigenetic regulation in the tumor microenvironment:molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第6期8卷 2795-2820页

作者： Jing Yang Jin Xu Wei Wang Bo Zhang xianjun yu Si Shi Department of Pancreatic Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute ShanghaiChina Pancreatic Cancer Institute Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina

Over decades,researchers have focused on the epigenetic control of DNA-templated processes.Histone modification,DNA methylation,chromatin remodeling,RNA modification,and noncoding RNAs modulate many biological processes that are crucial to the development of cancers.Dysregulation of the epigenome drives aberrant transcriptional programs.A growing body of evidence suggests that the mechanisms of epigenetic modification are dysregulated in human cancers and might be excellent targets for tumor treatment.Epigenetics has also been shown to influence tumor immunogenicity and immune cells involved in antitumor responses.Thus,the development and application of epigenetic therapy and cancer immunotherapy and their combinations may have important implications for cancer treatment.Here,we present an up-to-date and thorough description of how epigenetic modifications in tumor cells influence immune cell responses in the tumor microenvironment(TME)and how epigenetics influence immune cells internally to modify the TME.Additionally,we highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting epigenetic regulators for cancer immunotherapy.Harnessing the complex interplay between epigenetics and cancer immunology to develop therapeutics that combine thereof is challenging but could yield significant benefits.The purpose of this review is to assist researchers in understanding how epigenetics impact immune responses in the TME,so that better cancer immunotherapies can be developed.

关键词： therapeutic mechanisms template

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Liquid-liquid phase separation in tumor biology

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第8期7卷 2841-2862页

作者： Xuhui Tong Rong Tang Jin Xu Wei Wang Yingjun Zhao xianjun yu Si Shi Department of Pancreatic Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute ShanghaiChina Pancreatic Cancer Institute Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

Liquid–liquid phase separation(LLPS)is a novel principle for explaining the precise spatial and temporal regulation in living cells.LLPS compartmentalizes proteins and nucleic acids into micron-scale,liquid-like,membraneless bodies with specific functions,which were recently termed biomolecular condensates.Biomolecular condensates are executors underlying the intracellular spatiotemporal coordination of various biological activities,including chromatin organization,genomic stability,DNA damage response and repair,transcription,and signal transduction.Dysregulation of these cellular processes is a key event in the initiation and/or evolution of cancer,and emerging evidence has linked the formation and regulation of LLPS to malignant transformations in tumor biology.In this review,we comprehensively summarize the detailed mechanisms of biomolecular condensate formation and biophysical function and review the recent major advances toward elucidating the multiple mechanisms involved in cancer cell pathology driven by aberrant LLPS.In addition,we discuss the therapeutic perspectives of LLPS in cancer research and the most recently developed drug candidates targeting LLPS modulation that can be used to combat tumorigenesis.

关键词： separation liquid phase

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Recent research hotspots in sequencing and the pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor microenvironment

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2023年第10期20卷 721-727页

作者： Junfeng Xu Wuhu Zhang Xin Lou Zeng Ye Yi Qin Jie Chen Xiaowu Xu xianjun yu Shunrong Ji Department of Pancreatic Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai 200032China Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai 200032China Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute Shanghai 200032China Pancreatic Cancer Institute Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

Multiple endocrine neoplasia 1(MEN1)syndrome,a disease arising from a genetic predisposition to tumor development caused by MEN1 loss-of-function mutations,is characterized by the combined occurrence of neuroendocrine... 详细信息

关键词： neuroendocrine organs tumor

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Nonlinear uncertainty quantification of the impact of geometric variability on compressor performance using an adjoint method

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2022年第2期35卷 17-21页

作者： Qian ZHANG Shenren XU xianjun yu Jiaxin LIU Dingxi WANG Xiuquan HUANG School of Power and Energy Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Key Laboratory of Aeroengine Internal Flows Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710129China School of Energy and Power Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100083China Research Institute of Aeroengine Beihang UniversityBeijing 100083China

Manufactured blades are inevitably different from their design intent,which leads to a deviation of the performance from the intended value.To quantify the associated performance uncertainty,many approaches have been developed.The traditional Monte Carlo method based on a Computational Fluid Dynamics solver(MC-CFD)for a three-dimensional compressor is prohibitively expensive.Existing alternatives to the MC-CFD,such as surrogate models and secondorder derivatives based on the adjoint method,can greatly reduce the computational cost.Nevertheless,they will encounter’the curse of dimensionality’except for the linear model based on the adjoint gradient(called MC-adj-linear).However,the MC-adj-linear model neglects the nonlinearity of the performance function.In this work,an improved method is proposed to circumvent the lowaccuracy problem of the MC-adj-linear without incurring the high cost of other alternative models.The method is applied to the study of the aerodynamic performance of an annular transonic compressor cascade,subject to prescribed geometric variability with industrial relevance.It is found that the proposed method achieves a significant accuracy improvement over the MC-adj-linear with low computational cost,showing the great potential for fast uncertainty quantification.

关键词： Adjoint method Aerodynamics Compressor Manufacturing Monte Carlo method Nonlinearity Uncertainty quantification

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