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The light and hypoxia induced gene ZmPORB1 determines tocopherol content in the maize kernel

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 435-448页

作者： Nannan Liu Yuanhao Du Shijuan Yan Wei Chen Min Deng Shutu xu Hong Wang Wei Zhan Wenjie Huang Yan Yin Xiaohong Yang Qiao Zhao Alisdair R.Fernie Jianbing Yan National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan 430070China Agro-biological Gene Research Center Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou 510640China College of Agronomy Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128China College of Agronomy Northwest A&F UniversityXi'an 710000China State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation Hebei Sub-center of National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaCollege of AgronomyHebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001China College of Life Sciences South-Central Minzu UniversityWuhan 430070China Plant Science Facility of the Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China National Maize Improvement Center of China Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100093China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic GenomicsShenzhen Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Potsdam-Golm 14476Germany

Tocopherol is an important lipid-soluble antioxidant beneficial for both human health and plant growth. Here, we fine mapped a major QTLqVE1 affecting γ-tocopherol content in maize kernel, positionally cloned and confirmed the underlying gene ZmPORB1(por1), as a protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase. A 13.7 kb insertion reduced the tocopherol and chlorophyll content, and the photosynthetic activity by repressing ZmPORB1 expression in embryos of NIL-K22, but did not affect the levels of the tocopherol precursors HGA(homogentisic acid)and PMP(phytyl monophosphate). Furthermore, ZmPORB1 is inducible by low oxygen and light, thereby involved in the hypoxia response in developing embryos. Concurrent with natural hypoxia in embryos, the redox state has been changed with NO increasing and H_(2)O_(2) decreasing, which lowered γ-tocopherol content via scavenging reactive nitrogen species. In conclusion, we proposed that the lower lightharvesting chlorophyll content weakened embryo photosynthesis, leading to fewer oxygen supplies and consequently diverse hypoxic responses including an elevated γ-tocopherol consumption. Our findings shed light on the mechanism for fine-tuning endogenous oxygen concentration in the maize embryo through a novel feedback pathway involving the light and low oxygen regulation of ZmPORB1 expression and chlorophyll content.

关键词： maize tocopherol hypoxia photosynthesis ZmPORB1

免疫抑制治疗的肾脏疾病患者并发肺孢子菌肺炎的临床特点及死亡风险因素分析

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中华预防医学杂志 2024年第5期58卷 673-678页

作者：沈存许戎首都医科大学附属北京中医医院肾病科北京100010 北京大学第一医院肾内科北京大学肾脏疾病研究所中国医学科学院免疫介导肾病诊治创新单元北京100034

探讨免疫抑制治疗的肾脏疾病患者并发耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎(PJP)的临床特点及死亡风险因素。采用回顾性病例系列研究。收集2006年1月1日至2021年8月31日在北京大学第一医院肾内科或呼吸科就诊的接受免疫抑制治疗的肾脏疾病合并PJP的52例患者... 详细信息

探讨免疫抑制治疗的肾脏疾病患者并发耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎(PJP)的临床特点及死亡风险因素。采用回顾性病例系列研究。收集2006年1月1日至2021年8月31日在北京大学第一医院肾内科或呼吸科就诊的接受免疫抑制治疗的肾脏疾病合并PJP的52例患者,根据患者临床结局,分为存活组(36例)和死亡组(16例),单因素分析比较两组病例临床特点的差异,进一步采用多因素logistic回归模型分析其死亡风险因素。结果显示,临床资料分析显示52例患者入院时中位血肌酐192.5(109.8,293.7)μmol/L,急性肾损伤发生率为63.5%(33/52例)。单因素分析示存活组和死亡组在年龄(t=1.197,P=0.030)、C反应蛋白水平(t=2.378,P=0.022)、PJP起病至确诊时间(χ^(2)=6.62,P=0.010)、PJP严重程度(χ^(2)=5.482,P=0.019)、并发脓毒症休克(χ^(2)=3.997,P=0.046)、机械通气(χ^(2)=11.755,P=0.001)和血液净化治疗(χ^(2)=4.748,P=0.029)方面均差异有统计学意义。两组在性别、PJP发病前激素治疗时间和使用剂量、甲基泼尼松龙冲击、免疫抑制剂的使用和住院抗PJP治疗前后血肌酐水平方面差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。进一步多因素分析显示PJP起病至确诊时间>10 d(OR=40.945,95%CI:1.738~451.214;P=0.021)和重度PJP(OR=25.502,95%CI:1.426~74.806;P=0.028)为免疫抑制治疗的肾脏疾病合并PJP患者发生死亡的独立危险因素。综上,PJP起病至确诊时间和重度PJP是免疫抑制治疗的肾脏疾病合并PJP患者发生死亡的独立危险因素,临床应密切关注患者氧合情况,早期确诊以预防PJP加重并改善预后。

关键词：肺孢子菌肺炎肾脏疾病免疫抑制治疗临床特点死亡危险因素

4-Nitrocatechol as a novel matrix for low-molecular-weight compounds in situ detection and imaging in biological tissues by MALDI-MSI

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第6期35卷 486-490页

作者： Hualei xu Manman Han Haiqiang Liu Liang Qin Lulu Chen Hao Hu Ran Wu Chenyu Yang Hua Guo Jinrong Li Jinxiang Fu Qichen Hao Yijun Zhou Jinchao Feng Xiaodong Wang Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics(Minzu University of China) State Ethnic Affairs CommissionBeijing 100081China College of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Imaging&Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijing 100081China

Low-molecular-weight(LMW)compounds are ubiquitous in living organisms and play essential roles in biological *** direct analysis of LMW compounds in biological tissues by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging(MALDI-MSI)could provide a more comprehensive understanding of their essential ***,we evaluated 4-nitrocatechol(4-NC)as a novel positive-ion matrix for enhancing in situ detection and imaging of LMW compounds from the rat liver,brain,and germinating Chinese-yew seed by *** results showed that the 4-NC possessed remarkable features,including strong ultraviolet absorption,uniform matrix crystal,excellent chemical stability,and fewer matrix-related background *** use of 4-NC led to the successful detection of 232,218,and193 LMW compounds from the three abovementioned tissue sections,***,the use of 4-NC improved the imaging quality of LMW compounds in tissue sections through MALDI-MSI and has the potential as a matrix for MALDI tissue imaging of LMW compounds.

关键词： MALDI-MSI 4-Nitrocatechol LMW compounds In situ detection Tissue imaging

Genetic lineage tracing identifies adaptive mechanisms of pancreatic islet β cells in various mouse models of diabetes with distinct age of initiation

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 504-517页

作者： Qi Fu Yu Qian Hemin Jiang Yunqiang He Hao Dai Yang Chen Zhiqing Xia Yucheng Liang Yuncai Zhou Rui Gao Shuai Zheng Hui Lv Min Sun Kuanfeng xu Tao Yang Department of Endocrinology the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029China

During the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes(T1D) and type 2 diabetes(T2D), pancreatic islets, especially the β cells, face significant challenges. These insulin-producing cells adopt a regeneration strategy to compensate for the shortage of insulin, but the exact mechanism needs to be defined. High-fat diet(HFD) and streptozotocin(STZ) treatment are well-established models to study islet damage in T2D and T1D respectively. Therefore, we applied these two diabetic mouse models, triggered at different ages, to pursue the cell fate transition of isletβ cells. Cre-LoxP systems were used to generate islet cell type-specific(α, β, or δ) green fluorescent protein(GFP)-labeled mice for genetic lineage tracing, thereinto β-cell GFP-labeled mice were tamoxifen induced. Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq) was used to investigate the evolutionary trajectories and molecular mechanisms of the GFP-labeled β cells in STZ-treated mice. STZ-induced diabetes caused extensive dedifferentiation of β cells and some of which transdifferentiated into α or δ cells in both youth-and adulthood-initiated mice while this phenomenon was barely observed in HFD models. β cells in HFD mice were expanded via self-replication rather than via transdifferentiation from α or δ cells, in contrast, α or δ cells were induced to transdifferentiate into β cells in STZ-treated mice(both youthand adulthood-initiated). In addition to the re-dedifferentiation of β cells, it is also highly likely that these “α or δ” cells transdifferentiated from pre-existing β cells could also re-trans-differentiate into insulin-producing β cells and be beneficial to islet recovery. The analysis of ScRNA-seq revealed that several pathways including mitochondrial function, chromatin modification, and remodeling are crucial in the dynamic transition of β cells. Our findings shed light on how islet β cells overcome the deficit of insulin and the molecular mechanism of islet recovery in T1D and T2D pathogenesis.

关键词： islet regeneration lineage tracing high fat diet(HFD) streptozotocin(STZ)

血管周围脂肪组织在血管衰老中的作用及干预药物研究进展

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中国现代应用药学 2024年第10期41卷 1428-1437页

作者：冯俊霖徐明中国药科大学基础医学与临床药学学院南京211100

心血管疾病是全球死亡主要原因,而血管衰老与心血管疾病的发生发展密不可分,脉管系统老化过程中伴随的血管形态学和功能变化如动脉硬化、内皮功能障碍及血管重塑是多种心血管疾病的重要驱动因素。目前的研究已经揭示了包含氧化应激、线... 详细信息

心血管疾病是全球死亡主要原因,而血管衰老与心血管疾病的发生发展密不可分,脉管系统老化过程中伴随的血管形态学和功能变化如动脉硬化、内皮功能障碍及血管重塑是多种心血管疾病的重要驱动因素。目前的研究已经揭示了包含氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍、慢性低度炎症、基因组不稳定和蛋白质失衡等在内的多种机制对血管衰老的影响,但近期研究结果突出了血管周围脂肪组织(perivascular adipose tissue,PVAT)对血管生物学的独特作用。PVAT作为脉管系统的重要组成部分,在发挥支撑血管作用的同时,其衍生脂肪因子如脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素和促/抗炎细胞因子等以内分泌和旁分泌方式对血管氧化应激、炎症、血管重塑以及细胞衰老发挥调节作用。因此,本文就不同病理生理条件下PVAT分泌组变化情况及其对血管衰老的影响进行综述,并总结了通过减轻炎症及氧化应激、诱导褐变以及调节分泌组等途径来调节PVAT功能,进而缓解血管衰老的药物,以期为预防血管早衰及相关心血管疾病提供新的思路。

关键词：血管衰老血管周围脂肪组织脂肪因子促炎细胞因子

Regulation and function of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 6-20页

作者： Xiu-Yun Zhao De-En xu Ming-Lei Wu Ji-Chuan Liu Zi-Ling Shi Quan-Hong Ma Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina Institute of Neuroscience&Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Neurology Jiangnan University Medical CenterWuxiJiangsu ProvinceChina

The endoplasmic reticulum,a key cellular organelle,regulates a wide variety of cellular *** reticulum autophagy,one of the quality control systems of the endoplasmic reticulum,plays a pivotal role in maintaining endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis by controlling endoplasmic reticulum turnover,remodeling,and *** this review,we briefly describe the endoplasmic reticulum quality control system,and subsequently focus on the role of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy,emphasizing the spatial and temporal mechanisms underlying the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy according to cellular *** also summarize the evidence relating to how defective or abnormal endoplasmic reticulum autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative *** summary,this review highlights the mechanisms associated with the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy and how they influence the pathophysiology of degenerative nerve *** review would help researchers to understand the roles and regulatory mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum-phagy in neurodegenerative disorders.

关键词： autophagy endoplasmic reticulum endoplasmic reticulum autophagy endoplasmic reticulum quality control system endoplasmic reticulum receptors endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation neurodegeneration neurodegenerative disease selective autophagy unfolded protein response

Heat stress impairs floral meristem termination and fruit development by affecting the BR-SlCRCa cascade in tomato

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Plant Communications 2024年第4期5卷 208-223页

作者： Junqing Wu Pengxue Li Meng Li Danyang Zhu Haochuan Ma Huimin xu Shuang Li Jinbo Wei Xinxin Bian Mengyao Wang Yixuan Lai Yuxin Peng Haixiao Li Abidur Rahman Shuang Wu College of Horticulture Haixia Institute of Science and TechnologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Department of Plant Bio-Sciences Faculty of AgricultureIwate UniversityMorioka 020-8550Japan United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Iwate UniversityMorioka 020-8550Japan These authors contributed equally to this article

Floral meristem termination is a key step leading to carpel initiation and fruit *** frequent occurrence of heat stress due to global warming often disruptsfloral determinacy,resulting in defective fruit ***,the detailed mechanism behind this phenomenon is largely ***,we identify CRABS CLAW a(SlCRCa)as a key regulator offloral meristem termination in *** func-tions as an indispensablefloral meristem terminator by suppressing SlWUS activity through the TOMATO AGAMOUS 1(TAG1)–KNUCKLES(SlKNU)–INHIBITOR OF MERISTEM ACTIVITY(SlIMA)network.A direct binding assay revealed that SlCRCa specifically binds to the promoter and second intron of WUSCHEL(SlWUS).We also demonstrate that SlCRCa expression depends on brassinosteroid homeostasis in theflo-ral meristem,which is repressed by heat stress via the circadian factor EARLY FLOWERING 3(SlELF3).These results provide new insights intofloral meristem termination and the heat stress response inflowers and fruits of tomato and suggest that SlCRCa provides a platform for multiple protein interactions that may epigenetically abrogate stem cell activity at the transition fromfloral meristem to carpel initiation.

关键词： heat stress floral meristem termination BR-CRC fruit development

Disulfiram ameliorates STING/MITA-dependent inflammation and autoimmunity by targeting RNF115

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第3期21卷 275-291页

作者： Zhi-Dong Zhang Chang-Rui Shi Fang-xu Li Hu Gan Yanhong Wei Qianhui Zhang Xin Shuai Min Chen Yu-Lin Lin Tian-Chen Xiong Xiaoqi Chen Bo Zhong Dandan Lin Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Medical Research InstituteFrontier Science Center of Immunology and MetabolismZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China Department of Virology College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430071China Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China Cancer Center Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430060China

STING(also known as MITA)is an adaptor protein that mediates cytoplasmic DNA-triggered signaling,and aberrant activation of STING/MITA by cytosolic self-DNA or gain-of-function mutations causes severe ***,we show that STING-mediated inflammation and autoimmunity are promoted by RNF115 and alleviated by the RNF115 inhibitor disulfiram(DSF).Knockout of RNF115 or treatment with DSF significantly inhibit systemic inflammation and autoimmune lethality and restore immune cell development in Trex1^(–/–)mice and STING^(N153S/WT) bone marrow chimeric *** addition,knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of RNF115 substantially downregulate the expression of IFN-α,IFN-γand proinflammatory cytokines in PBMCs from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)who exhibit high concentrations of dsDNA in peripheral ***,knockout or inhibition of RNF115 impair the oligomerization and Golgi localization of STING in various types of cells transfected with cGAMP and in organs and cells from Trex1^(–/–)***,knockout of RNF115 inhibits the activation and Golgi localization of STINGN153S as well as the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in myeloid cells but not in endothelial cells or *** together,these findings highlight the RNF115-mediated cell type-specific regulation of STING and STINGN153S and provide potential targeted intervention strategies for STING-related autoimmune diseases.

关键词： STING/MITA Disulfiram RNF115 SLE Autoimmunity

Natural variations of HvSRN1 modulate the spike rachis node number in barley

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Plant Communications 2024年第1期5卷 148-163页

作者： Chaofeng Fan Dongdong xu Chunchao Wang Zhaoyan Chen Tingyu Dou Dandan Qin Aikui Guo Meng Zhao Honghong Pei Mengwei Zhao Renxu Zhang Ke Wang Jing Zhang Zhongfu Ni Ganggang Guo Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization(MARA) The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ICS-CAAS)Beijing 100081China Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory Sanya 572025China Institute of Industrial Crops Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinan 250100China Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Key Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Food CropsHubei Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan 430064China

Grain number,one of the major determinants of yield in Triticeae crops,is largely determined by spikelet number and spike rachis node number(SRN).Here,we identified three quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for SRN using 145 recombinant inbred lines derived from a barley R90/1815D ***1,the major-effect QTL,was mapped to chromosome 2H and explained up to 38.77%of SRN ***-based cloning revealed that qSRN1 encodes the RAWUL domain-containing protein *** analysis revealed that two key SNPs in the HvSRN1 promoter region(-2 kb upstream of the transcription start site)affect the transcript level of HvSRN1 and contribute to variation in *** to its orthologous proteins OsLAX2 and ZmBA2,HvSRN1 showed protein–protein interactions with HvLAX1,suggesting that the LAX2–LAX1 model for spike morphology regulation may be conserved in Poaceae ***-Cas9-induced HvSRN1 mutants showed reduced SRN but increased grain size and weight,demonstrating a trade-off *** results shed light on the role of HvSRN1 variation in regulating the balance between grain number and weight in barley.

关键词： barley fine-mapping grain number kernel weight