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The occurrence phases and enrichment mechanism of rare earth elements in cobalt-rich crusts from Marcus-Wake Seamounts

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第8期43卷 58-68页

作者： Jingjing Gao Jihua Liu Hui Zhang Shijuan Yan xiangwen ren Quanshu Yan Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny First Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Laboratory for Marine Geology Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China

To explore the occurrence phases and enrichment mechanism of rare earth elements(REEs)in cobalt-rich crusts,this study analyzes the mineral composition and REE contents of the samples from Marcus-Wake Seamounts by XRD,ICP-OES and *** results show that,(1)the cobalt-rich crusts contain the major crystalline mineral(vernadite),the secondary minerals(quartz,plagioclase and carbonate fluorapatite),and a large amount of amorphous ferric oxyhydroxides(FeOOH).(2)The cobalt-rich crusts contains higher Mn(10.83%to 28.76%)and Fe(6.14%to 18.86%)relative to other elements,and are enriched in REEs,with total REE contents of 1563−3238μg/g and Ce contents of 790−1722μg/*** earth element contents of the old crusts are higher than those of the new ***,the non-phosphatized crusts have positive Ce and negative Y anomalies,and yet the phosphatized crusts have positive Ce and positive Y anomalies,indicating that cobalt-rich crusts is hydrogenetic and REEs mainly come from seawater.(3)Analytical data also show that the occurrence phases of elements in cobalt-rich crusts are closely related to their mineral *** the non-phosphatized crusts,REEs are adsorbed by colloidal particles into the crusts(about 67%of REEs in the Fe oxide phase,and about 17%of REEs in the Mn oxide phase).In contrast,in the phosphatized crusts(affected by the phosphatization),REEs may combine with phosphate to form rare earth phosphate minerals,and about 64%of REEs are enriched in the residual phase containing carbonate fluorapatite,but correspondingly the influence of Fe and Mn oxide phases on REEs enrichment is greatly *** addition,the oxidizing environment of seawater,high marine productivity,phosphatization,and slow growth rate can promote the REE *** study provides a reference for the metallogenesis of cobalt-rich crusts in the Pacific.

关键词： cobalt-rich crusts REEs occurrence phase enrichment mechanism Marcus-Wake Seamounts

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Mineral provinces and matter provenance of the surficial sediments in the western Philippine Sea:implication for modern sedimentation in West Pacific marginal basin

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2007年第3期26卷 44-55页

作者： ren xiangwen YAN Quanshu SHI Xuefa WANG Kunshan JIANG Xiaoli Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Adminis-tration Qingdao 266061 China Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The characteristics and distribution patterns of detrital minerals （0. 063 -0. 125 mm） in marine sediments provide a significant indicator for the identification of the origin of sediment. The detrital mineral composition of 219 surface sediment samples was ana- lysed to identify the distribution of sediments within the western Philippine Sea. The area can be divided into three mineral provinces ：（Ⅰ） province east of the Philippine Trench, the detrital minerals in this province are mainly composed of calcareous or siliceous organisms, with the addition of volcanogenic minerals from an adjacent island arc; （Ⅱ） middle mineral province, clastic minerals including feldspar, quartz and colorless volcanic glass, sourced from seamounts with intermediate-acid volcanic rock, or erupting intermediate-acid volcano; （Ⅲ） province west of the Palau--Kyushu Ridge, the matter provenance within this province is complex; the small quantity of feldspar and quartz may be sourced from seamounts or erupting volcano with intermediate - acid composition, with a component of volcanic scoria sourced from a volcano erupting on the Palau--Kyushu Ridge. it is suggested that, （ 1 ） Biogenic debris of the study area is closely related to water depth, with the amount of biogenic debris controlled by carbonate lysocline. （2） Volcaniclastic matter derived from the adjacent island arc can be entrained by oceanic currents and transported towards the abyssal basin over a short distance. The weathering products of volcanic rocks of the submarine plateau （e. g. , Benham Plateau） and adjacent ridges provide an important source of detrital sedimentation, and the influence scope of them is constrained by the intensity of submarine weathering. （3） Terrigenous sediments from the continent of Asia and the adjacent Philippine island arc have little influence on the sedimentation of this study area, and the felsic mineral component is probably sourced from volcanic seamounts of intermediate-acid composition.

关键词： light mineral mineral province matter provenance western Philippine Sea

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A preliminary study on thermoluminescence characteristics of sediments from the North Pacific

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2007年第3期26卷 56-72页

作者： LU Huahua SHI Xuefa WU Yonghua YANG Gang WEI Jianwei ren xiangwen Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 260061 China Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Thirty-eight surficial deposit samples were collected from the equatorial North Pacific, and the natural thermoluminescence （TL） characteristics of both bulk and clay fraction samples （〈 2μm fractions） were studied by the FJ427 - AI automatic TL Dosimeter for the first time. With the measurements of clay mineral composition, element composition by XRD and ICP, the correlations between TL intensity and sedimentary environment proxies were analyzed, such as water depth, ratio of FeO to Fe2 O3 contents, LOI, and major clay mineral concentration, and it was found the bulk sample＇ s TL signal was stronger than the clay ones. Usually, increase in the clay components may result in the decrease of TL intensity. From the shape of TL curves, the pelagic sediments can be divided into two groups： the majority group has two glow peaks, in general, the first peak is broad and flat, but the second narrow and sharp; the minority group only has a single peak because the first is absent. The peak centers of TL curves are almost fixed, falling in the temperature sections 230 ~ 260 and 390 ~ 405℃ respectively. Lorentz model packed in the Origin 7.5 was chosen to deal with the TL curves. From the processing results, three parameters （H, C and A ） , corresponding to the height, center, and kurtosis of TL curve, were obtained to describe the curve characteristics. The correlations between TL curve parameters and sedimentary environment proxies were also calculated. On the basis of the above work, the relationship between TL characteristics and sediment type, mineral composition, sedimentary environment of surface sediments was discussed in the study area, and a conclusion is： sediments from the environment of shallower water, higher organic contents and weaker reductivity have stronger TL signals.

关键词： North Pacific surface sediments thermoluminescence sedimentary environment clay minerals

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Geochemical characteristics and metal element enrichment in crusts from seamounts of the Western Pacific

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2016年第1期10卷 171-182页

作者： Xiaoyu ZHANG Kechao ZHU Yong DU Fuyuan ZHANG Weiyan ZHANG xiangwen ren Binbin JIANG Dasong HUANG Department of Earth Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310012 China Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey Ministry of Land and Resources Guangzhou 510760 China Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences State Oceanic Administration Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou 310012 China First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China

Elemental geochemistry is an essential part of understanding mineralization mechanisms. In this paper, a data set of 544 cobalt crust samples from seamounts of the Western Pacific are used to study the enrichment characteristics of metal elements. REE normalization is utilized to reveal the origin of the crusts; effects of water depth on Co enrichment and impacts ofphosphatization on mineral quality are discussed to obtain the evolution of these marine mineral deposits, which gives support to further resource assessment. Conclusions are reached as follows： 1） Elemental abundances, inter-element relation- ships, and shale-normalized REE patterns for phosphate- poor crusts from different locations reflect hydrogenetic origin of the crusts. EFs （enrichment coefficients） of REE exhibit exponential increase from surface sediments to phosphorite to polymetallic nodules to crusts, suggesting that the improved degree of hydrogeneous origin induces the enrichment of REE. 2） The crusts in the Western Pacific, formed through hotspot produced guyots trails, have relatively lower REE than those in the Mid-Pacific. The latter could be attributed to the peculiar submarine topography of seamounts formed by intraplate volcanism. 3） The non-phosphatized younger crust layers have 40% higher Co than the phosphatized older layers. This indicates the modification of the elemental composition in these crusts by phosphatization. A general depletion of hydroxide-dominated elements such as Co, Ni, and Mn and enrichment of P, Ca, Ba, and Sr is evident in phosphatized crusts, whereas non-phosphatized younger generation crusts are rich in terrigenous aluminosilicate detrital matter. 4） Co increases above the carbonate compensation depth （CCD） from less than 0.53% to over 0.65% in seamount regions with water depth of less than 2,500 m, suggesting the significance of the dissolution of carbonate in the sea water column to the growth and composition of crusts.

关键词： cobalt-rich crust seamounts Western Pacific,geochemical characteristics

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Safety Design and Verification Analysis in the Satellite Development Stage

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Aerospace China 2021年第4期22卷 21-27页

作者： ren xiangwen CHEN Baifeng DFH Satellite Co. LTD.Beijing 100094

A safety design applies to every stage in a satellite system development life cycle to identify and analyze hazards in the satellite at a system level, eliminating or controlling various safety risks, while verifying the functions of the satellite system have safety characteristics, so as to optimize the satellite system for the best performance in terms of time and cost. This article comprehensively leverages such factors as satellite reliability, complexity and life cycle by considering the overall satellite safety work plan, hazard analysis, hazard sources, pyrotechnic devices and other module safety critical designs. Safety design measures were formulated to review and verify the effectiveness of system functions including a safe power supply to a satellite and pyrotechnic explosives to achieve the safety requirements of the satellite from a development stage. Safety design activities for each subsystem will ensure meeting the development requirements of the satellite system as a whole, and ensure the satellite system cannot be the cause of casualties, equipment damage, property loss, or have a health-threatening impact or detrimental impact on the environment.

关键词： satellite system development project safety design functional verification

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太平洋海山成矿系统与成矿作用过程

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地学前缘 2009年第6期16卷 55-65页

作者：石学法任向文刘季花海洋沉积与环境地质国家海洋局重点实验室国家海洋局第一海洋研究所山东青岛266061

文中初步探讨了太平洋海山富钴结壳成矿系统的结构与成矿作用过程。海山成矿系统的控矿要素主要包括地质要素和海洋要素,地质要素主要包括海山的形成、迁移、沉降和水道的开合等,海洋要素主要包括大洋温盐环流、最低含氧带(OMZ)、文石... 详细信息

文中初步探讨了太平洋海山富钴结壳成矿系统的结构与成矿作用过程。海山成矿系统的控矿要素主要包括地质要素和海洋要素,地质要素主要包括海山的形成、迁移、沉降和水道的开合等,海洋要素主要包括大洋温盐环流、最低含氧带(OMZ)、文石溶跃面、碳酸盐补偿深度和海山周围海水的动力情况等。重点分析了海山漂移和沉降、水道开合、最低含氧带变化、大洋环流以及气候变化等要素对富钴结壳成矿的控制作用。海山为富钴结壳成矿提供了一个容矿空间,稳定的基岩,即长期稳定的容矿空间,是富钴结壳成矿的基本条件;海山的形成年龄、海山的迁移和水道的开合决定并改变了富钴结壳的成矿背景条件,促使海山成矿系统发生演化。最低含氧带作为富钴结壳成矿的地球化学障,是直接的矿源层;而海山周边的地形旋涡沟通了最低含氧带与富氧、富铁的深层和底层水,使得最低含氧带中的成矿金属离子得到氧化,进而发生胶体凝聚沉淀,形成富钴结壳。以西太平洋海山成矿系统为例,将该区白垩纪以来富钴结壳成矿作用过程划分为5个阶段:(1)白垩纪—始新世,(2)始新世末—晚渐新世,(3)晚渐新世—中中新世早期,(4)中中新世早期—晚中新世早期,(5)晚中新世早期—现代,其中(2)、(3)阶段有利于发育富钴结壳。

关键词：海山成矿系统富钴结壳控矿要素成矿过程和阶段太平洋

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中太平洋M海山富钴结壳稀土元素地球化学

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中国稀土学报 2008年第6期26卷 760-768页

作者：崔迎春刘季花任向文石学法中国科学院海洋研究所山东青岛266071 国家海洋局第一海洋研究所海洋沉积与环境地质国家海洋局重点实验室山东青岛266061 中国科学院研究生院北京100039

用ICP-AES和重量法测试了中太平洋M海山不同水深范围内（1300~3000 m）25个富钴结壳样品的稀土元素和常量元素。结果显示M海山富钴结壳为水成结壳,稀土元素总量平均为2084.69μg.g-1,LREE/HREE平均为4.84,具有正的Ce异常。ΣREE（不含C... 详细信息

用ICP-AES和重量法测试了中太平洋M海山不同水深范围内（1300~3000 m）25个富钴结壳样品的稀土元素和常量元素。结果显示M海山富钴结壳为水成结壳,稀土元素总量平均为2084.69μg.g-1,LREE/HREE平均为4.84,具有正的Ce异常。ΣREE（不含Ce）随水深增加而增加,而Ce和LREE/HREE比值则以文石溶跃面为界（水深2000 m）呈现不同的变化,稀土元素这些变化除了与海洋背景颗粒的吸附清扫有关外,还与稀土元素在海水中的行为有关。富钴结壳Ce虽随水深变化,但与水深关系不明显,可能反映其通量恒定。富钴结壳中Ce基本全为Ce（Ⅳ）,表明氧化富集过程,这一过程受动力学因素控制。

关键词：稀土元素富钴结壳 M海山中太平洋

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古海洋环境演化对富钴结壳稀土元素富集的制约

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中国稀土学报 2011年第5期29卷 622-629页

作者：李江山石学法刘季花任向文国家海洋局第一海洋研究所海洋沉积与环境地质国家海洋局重点实验室山东青岛266061 中国科学院海洋研究所山东青岛266071

为了探讨古海洋环境演化对海山富钴结壳稀土元素富集的制约,本次选取西太平洋Lamont海山具有多层结构富钴结壳L1作为研究对象,逐层取样分析研究,认为古海洋环境演化以及磷酸盐化作用对不同稀土元素的影响不同:Ce含量受海洋生产力水平的... 详细信息

为了探讨古海洋环境演化对海山富钴结壳稀土元素富集的制约,本次选取西太平洋Lamont海山具有多层结构富钴结壳L1作为研究对象,逐层取样分析研究,认为古海洋环境演化以及磷酸盐化作用对不同稀土元素的影响不同:Ce含量受海洋生产力水平的制约,与形成时古海洋生产力水平呈正相关关系,但受磷酸盐化影响并不显著;而磷酸盐化对富钴结壳中其他稀土元素影响存在明显差异:导致老壳层中稀土元素相对较少,而重稀土元素则相对增加。另外富钴结壳壳层在生成后可能仍然继续与周边海水发生稀土元素交换,导致壳层生成得越早,其重稀土元素相对于其他稀土元素越富集,而Eu则越亏损。

关键词：古海洋环境富钴结壳稀土元素

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麦哲伦海山群MK海山富钴结壳钙质超微化石生物地层学研究

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地学前缘 2017年第1期24卷 276-296页

作者：任向文 I.PULYAEVA 吕华华石学法曹德凯海洋沉积与环境地质国家海洋局重点实验室国家海洋局第一海洋研究所山东青岛266061 青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室山东青岛266061 Stratigraphy Department Geological Survey o{ North Caucasus Russia Pyatigorsk 357528 Russia

富钴结壳是发育在深海海山之上的一种重要沉积矿产资源,建立准确可靠的年代学格架,无论对富钴结壳成矿作用研究还是对古海洋环境研究,都具有重要意义。但迄今为止,由于定年技术的限制,可靠的富钴结壳年代学框架资料并不多。文中以钙质... 详细信息

富钴结壳是发育在深海海山之上的一种重要沉积矿产资源,建立准确可靠的年代学格架,无论对富钴结壳成矿作用研究还是对古海洋环境研究,都具有重要意义。但迄今为止,由于定年技术的限制,可靠的富钴结壳年代学框架资料并不多。文中以钙质超微化石生物地层学方法为主要手段,并结合Co经验公式法、样品的结构特征和磷酸盐化作用时代等资料,对麦哲伦海山群MK海山MKD13-3号富钴结壳样品的年代学框架进行了综合限定。研究结果如下。(1)该样品剖面从下到上可以分4层,分别为:磷块岩基岩,其中包括R层(残留层)结壳,时代为112.0~70.6Ma B.P.;I层,进一步划分为I-1和I-2层,其时代分别为55.0~48.0Ma B.P.和44.0~23.0Ma B.P.;Ⅱ层,时代为23.0~14.0Ma B.P.;Ⅲ层,时代为5.0~0Ma B.P.。(2)该富钴结壳样品在生长过程中发育了3个生长间断,分别为:基岩与I-1层之间的生长间断,时代为70.6~55.0Ma B.P.;I-1层与I-2层之间的生长间断,时代为48.0~44.0Ma B.P.;Ⅱ层与Ⅲ层之间的生长间断,时代为14.0~5.0Ma B.P.。

关键词：富钴结壳钙质超微化石生物地层学麦哲伦海山群

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麦哲伦海山群富钴结壳铈富集的控制因素

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中国稀土学报 2010年第4期28卷 489-494页

作者：任向文石学法朱爱美刘季花方习生海洋沉积与环境地质国家海洋局重点实验室国家海洋局第一海洋研究所山东青岛266061 中国科学院海洋研究所山东青岛266071

利用ICP-OES和ICP-MS,分析了麦哲伦海山群西北端MK海山2170 m水深的MKD23B-3号富钴结壳样品,获得了其剖面上Ce,Co和P2O5含量数据。结果显示,该样品未磷酸盐化壳层的过剩Ce(Cexs)与Co含量之间呈明显的正相关关系,相关系数R2高达0.7893;... 详细信息

利用ICP-OES和ICP-MS,分析了麦哲伦海山群西北端MK海山2170 m水深的MKD23B-3号富钴结壳样品,获得了其剖面上Ce,Co和P2O5含量数据。结果显示,该样品未磷酸盐化壳层的过剩Ce(Cexs)与Co含量之间呈明显的正相关关系,相关系数R2高达0.7893;与生长速率呈负相关关系,相关系数R2高达0.7211,表明壳层生长速率是制约结壳Ce含量的主因,高的Ce含量是低的生长速率造成的。在假设海水pH,Mn2+等条件不变的前提下,结壳生长速率正相关于Fe,Mn的沉积通量,而Fe,Mn的沉积通量正相关于海水中溶解氧含量。因此,在海水pH,Mn2+等条件不变的前提下,Cexs负相关于海水中溶解氧含量,海水溶解氧含量只是制约结壳Ce含量的间接因素,纠正了"结壳高Ce异常指示其形成时海水中高溶解氧含量"的认识。

关键词：富钴结壳过剩铈麦哲伦海山群稀土

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