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Growth performance, serum parameters, inflammatory responses,intestinal morphology and microbiota of weaned piglets fed 18% crude protein diets with different ratios of standardized ileal digestible isoleucine to lysine

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 313-325页

作者： Jian Wang Sujie Liu Jiayu Ma Xiaoli Dong Shenfei Long xiangshu piao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University CJ International Trading Co. Ltd Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center

The present study was to explore the Ile requirement of piglets fed 18% crude protein(CP) diets. Two hundred and fifty 28-day-old Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire piglets(8.37 ± 1.92 kg) were randomly divided into 5 dietary treatments(10 piglets per replicate, 5 barrows and 5 gilts per replicate) with 45%,50%, 55%, 60%, 65% standardized ileal digestible(SID) Ile-to-Lys ratios, and the SID Lys was formulated to1.19%. The experimental design consisted of two phases(d 1 to 14 and d 15 to 28). Results showed that average daily gain(ADG) had a tendency to quadratically increase as the SID Ile-to-Lys ratio increased(P = 0.09), and the optimum SID Ile-to-Lys ratios required to maximize ADG were 48.33% and 54.63% for broken-line linear model and quadratic polynomial model, respectively. Different SID Ile-to-Lys ratios had no significant effects on average daily feed intake and gain-to-feed ratio. Dry matter(P < 0.01), CP(P = 0.01), ether extract(P = 0.04), gross energy(P < 0.01) and organic matter(P < 0.01) digestibility increased quadratically. Serum total cholesterol levels decreased linearly(P = 0.01) and quadratically(P < 0.01); aspartate aminotransferase(P < 0.01), interleukin-1β(P = 0.01), and tumor necrosis factor-a(P < 0.01) levels decreased quadratically; immunoglobulin G(P = 0.03) and immunoglobulin M(P = 0.01)concentrations increased quadratically. Serum Ser levels decreased linearly(P < 0.01) and quadratically(P = 0.01); Glu(P = 0.02), Arg(P = 0.05), and Thr(P = 0.03) levels decreased quadratically; Gly(P < 0.01)and Leu(P = 0.01) levels decreased linearly; Ile(P < 0.01) concentration increased linearly. Duodenal villus height(P < 0.01) and villus height to crypt depth ratio(P < 0.01) increased quadratically. The deficiency or excess of Ile decreased short chain fatty acid-producing bacteria abundance and increased pathogenic bacteria abundance. Overall, taking ADG as the effect index, the optimum SID Ile-to-Lys ratios of piglets offered 18% CP diets were 48.33% and 54.63% based on two different statistical models

关键词： Weaned piglet Growth performance Intestinal health Isoleucine Reduced crude protein diet

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Rosemary extract improves egg quality by altering gut barrier function,intestinal microbiota and oviductal gene expressions in late-phase laying hens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 295-312页

作者： Lianhua Zhang Junwei Ge Fei Gao Min Yang Hui Li Fei Xia Hongtong Bai xiangshu piao Zhiying Sun Lei Shi Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China China National Botanical Garden Beijing 100093China College of Pharmacy Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan 250355China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Background Rosemary extract(RE)has been reported to exert antioxidant property.However,the application of RE in late-phase laying hens on egg quality,intestinal barrier and microbiota,and oviductal function has not been systematically studied.This study was investigated to detect the potential effects of RE on performance,egg quality,serum parameters,intestinal heath,cecal microbiota and metabolism,and oviductal gene expressions in late-phase laying hens.A total of 21065-week-old“Jing Tint 6”laying hens were randomly allocated into five treatments with six replicates and seven birds per replicate and fed basal diet(CON)or basal diet supplemented with chlortetracycline at 50 mg/kg(CTC)or RE at 50 mg/kg(RE50),100 mg/kg(RE100),and 200 mg/kg(RE200).Results Our results showed that RE200 improved(P<0.05)Haugh unit and n-6/n-3 of egg yolk,serum superoxide dismutase(SOD)compared with CON.No significant differences were observed for Haugh unit and n-6/n-3 of egg yolk among CTC,RE50,RE100 and RE200 groups.Compared with CTC and RE50 groups,RE200 increased serum SOD activity on d 28 and 56.Compared with CON,RE supplementation decreased(P<0.05)total cholesterol(TC)level.CTC,RE100 and RE200 decreased(P<0.05)serum interleukin-6(IL-6)content compared with CON.CTC and RE200 increased jejunal m RNA expression of ZO-1 and Occludin compared with CON.The biomarkers of cecal microbiota and metabolite induced by RE 200,including Firmicutes,Eisenbergiella,Paraprevotella,Papillibacter,and butyrate,were closely associated with Haugh unit,n-6/n-3,SOD,IL-6,and TC.PICRUSt2 analysis indicated that RE altered carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism of cecal microbiota and increased butyrate synthesizing enzymes,including 3-oxoacid Co A-transferase and butyrate-acetoacetate Co A-transferase.Moreover,transcriptomic analysis revealed that RE200 improved gene expressions and functional pathways related to immunity and albumen formation in the oviductal magnum.Conclusions Dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg RE could increase egg quality of late-p

关键词： Intestinal health Laying hens Microbiota Oviductal function Phytochemicals Production

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Different dietary protein sources influence growth performance,antioxidant capacity,immunity,fecal microbiota and metabolites in weaned piglets

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 71-81页

作者： Lianhua Zhang xiangshu piao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China

The inclusion of high-quality proteins are commonly used in swine production.Our research investigated the effects of hydrolyzed wheat protein(HWP),fermented soybean meal(FSBM),and enzyme-treated soybean meal(ESBM)on growth performance,antioxidant capacity,immunity,fecal microbiota and metabolites of weaned piglets.A total of 144 piglets(weaned at 28 d)were allotted to 3 dietary treatments with 6 replicate pens per treatment and 8 piglets per pen.This study included 2 periods:d 0 to14 for phase 1 and d 15 to 28 for phase 2.Dietary treatments contained 15.90%HWP,15.80%FSBM,and 15.10%ESBM in phase 1,and 7.90%HWP,7.80%FSBM,and 7.50%ESBM in phase 2,respectively.The ADG of piglets in ESBM was increased(P<0.05)compared with HWP and FSBM during d 1e28.Compared with HWP and FSBM,ESBM increased(P<0.05)the ferric reducing ability of plasma(FRAP),and the serum level of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in piglets on d 14,as well as increased(P<0.05)the serum FRAP level in piglets on d 28.ESBM decreased(P<0.05)serum levels of DAO and IL-1b in piglets compared with HWP on d 28.ESBM enhanced(P<0.05)the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes,Oscillospiraceae and Christensenellaceae,as well as reduced the relative abundance of Clostridiaceae in the feces compared with HWP and FSBM.The PICRUSt analysis revealed that the number of gene tags related to degradation of valine,leucine and isoleucine,as well as lysine degradation in ESBM were lower(P<0.05)than that in HWP and FSBM.ESBM increased(P<0.05)the fecal butyrate level in piglets compared with FSBM,and ESBM tended to decrease(P=0.076)the fecal cadaverine level.Overall,ESBM had advantages over HWP and FSBM in improving antioxidant status,immune function,fecal bacteria and metabolites for weaned piglets.

关键词： Protein source Antioxidant capacity Immunity Bacterial community Metabolites Piglet

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Determination of the available energy,standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids of fermented corn germ meal replacing soybean meal in growing pig diets

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 259-268页

作者： Tengfei He Yuhui Zheng xiangshu piao Shenfei Long State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Three experiments were conducted to compare the digestible(DE),metabolizable energy(ME),and standardized ileal digestibility(SID)of amino acids(AA)in fermented corn germ meal(FCGM)and soybean meal(SBM),and evaluate the effects of FCGM replacing SBM in growing pig diets.In Exp.1,18 barrows with initial body weight(BW)of 60.2±3.40 kg were randomly allotted to 3 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment.The control diet used corn as the only energy ingredient,and 2 test diets were made by replacing 25.8%of corn with FCGM or SBM.The DE and ME of FCGM were less(P<0.01)than those of SBM.In Exp.2,18 barrows(59.3±2.52 kg BW)with ileal T-cannulas were randomly allotted to 3 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment.The SID of arginine,tryptophan and proline were greater(P<0.05)and the tyrosine was less(P=0.01)in SBM compared with FCGM.In Exp.3,144 growing pigs(56.1±5.22 kg BW)were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 pens per treatment(3 barrows and 3 gilts per pen).Four diets(FCGM0,FCGM10,FCGM20 and FCGM30)were formulated using FCGM to replace 0%,10%,20%and 30%of SBM,respectively.The ME and SID values of AA of SBM and FCGM were determined by Exp.1 and 2.Results showed that increasing FCGM inclusion quadratically(P<0.05)increased the average daily gain(ADG),average daily feed intake,and the levels of serum immunoglobulin G(IgG)and urea nitrogen,and linearly(P<0.05)increased the serum IgM,the propanoic acid,butyric acid,total volatile fatty acid(VFA)and the Shannon index of microbiota in feces.Besides,the relative abundance of genus Streptococcus in FCGM0,Lactobacillus in FCGM10 and Lachnospiraceae in FCGM30 were increased(P<0.05)compared with other treatments.In conclusion,we recommend replacing 11.80%of SBM with FCGM to obtain the optimal ADG of growing pigs.Moreover,as the ratio of FCGM replacing SBM increased in diet,the immunity,intestinal microbiota and total VFA composition of growing pigs were improved.

关键词： Available energy Amino acid digestibility Fermented corn germ meal Soybean meal Growing pig

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Microencapsulated essential oils combined with organic acids improves immune antioxidant capacity and intestinal barrier function as well as modulates the hindgut microbial community in piglets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第4期13卷 1126-1142页

作者： Jiayu Ma Shenfei Long Jian Wang Jie Gao xiangshu piao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China.

Background:The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of a combination of microencapsulated essential oils and organic acids(MOA)on growth performance,immuno-antioxidant status,intestinal barrier function and microbial structure of the hindgut in piglets.A total of 120 piglets(Duroc×[Landrace×Yorkshire];weighted 7.66±1.79 kg,weaned at d 28)were randomly selected and allocated to 3 treatments with 4 replicates per group and 10 piglets per replicate according to the initial body weight and gender.The dietary treatments were as follows:1)basal diet(Ctrl);2)Ctrl+chlortetracycline(75 mg/kg)(AGP);3)Ctrl+MOA(1500 mg/kg).The experiment period was lasted for 21 d.Results:Compared to the Ctrl group,dietary supplemented MOA alleviated(P<0.05)the diarrhea rate from d 12 to 21,enhanced(P<0.05)the concentration of serum interlukin-10 and glutathione peroxidase in piglets on d 11 after weaning and serum superoxide dismutase in 21-day piglets.The MOA group also improved(P<0.05)the apparent digestibility of dry matter(DM),organic matter(OM)and gross energy(GE),up-regulated(P<0.05)the mRNA expression level of occludin,claudin-1 and mucin-2 in ileum and increased(P<0.05)the contents of propionic and butyric acids in the cecum of piglets.The MOA group modulated the cecal and colonic microbial community structure and increased(P<0.05)the abundance of Faecalibacterium and Muribaculaceae in cecum and Streptococcus and Weissella in colon.Additionally,AGP group decreased(P<0.05)apparent digestibility of DM,OM and GE as well as down-regulated(P<0.05)relative gene expression level of claudin-1 in duodenum and jejunum,ZO-1 and mucin-1 in jejunum of piglets.Conclusion:In summary,dietary supplemented MOA alleviated diarrhea and improved nutrient apparent digestibility in piglets via enhancing immuno-antioxidant properties,increasing digestive enzyme activity,upregulating the expression of intestinal barrier-related genes,and modifying the microbial community structure of the cecum and colon.Therefore,dietary supplementation w

关键词： Essential oil Gut microbiota Intestinal barrier Mixed organic acid Piglets

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Different copper sources and levels affect growth performance,copper content,carcass characteristics,intestinal microorganism and metabolism of finishing pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 321-330页

作者： Yang Wen Runxian Li xiangshu piao Gang Lin Pingli He State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agricultural Products Chinese Academy of Agricultural ScienceKey Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and QualityMinistry of AgricultureBeijing 100081China

Copper(Cu)is an essential trace element in the production of swine.This study was conducted to investigate the effect of 3 different sources of Cu on growth performance,Cu metabolism,and intestinal microorganisms of finishing pigs,so as to estimate the bioavailability of the 3 sources for pigs.A total of 42 male finishing pigs(88.74±5.74 kg)were randomly allocated to 7 treatments.The factors were 3 sources(CuSO4,Cu-glycine,Cu-proteinate)and 2 levels(5 and 20 mg/kg)of Cu,plus one negative control treatment(0 mg/kg added Cu level)for the entire 28-d experiment.The average daily gain(ADG)and feed to gain ratio(F:G)both increased when Cu was added.The Cu level in liver,bile,kidney,serum,lung,urine and feces rose(P<0.001)with increasing dietary Cu level regardless of the source.Meanwhile,pigs receiving organic Cu(glycinate or proteinate)retained more Cu and excreted less Cu than those receiving inorganic Cu(CuSO4),which showed that organic forms were more bioavailable.At the transcriptional level,changes in the level and source of dietary Cu resulted in modulation of transporters.In the jejunal mucosa,import transporter high affinity copper uptake protein 1(CTR1)and export transporter ATPase copper transporting alpha(ATP7A)in supplemental Cu treatments were down-regulated compared to the control.Also,peptide transporter 1(PepT1)and lanine-serine-cysteine transporter,type-2(ASCT2)were significantly(P<0.01)up-regulated in 20 mg/kg Cu-proteinate and Cu-glycinate treatments,respectively.Microbial diversity was lowest in the 20 mg/kg CuSO4 treatment,and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was higher in added Cu treatments,especially Cu-glycinate treatment.These results indicate that uptake of different Cu forms is facilitated by different transporters and transport mechanisms,and compared with inorganic Cu,organic Cu provides benefits to intestinal microflora and reduces Cu excretion.

关键词： Copper Metabolism Residues Microflora community Finishing pig

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The interaction among gut microbes,the intestinal barrier and short chain fatty acids

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 159-174页

作者： Jiayu Ma xiangshu piao Shad Mahfuz Shenfei Long Jian Wang State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of Animal Nutrition Sylhet Agricultural UniversitySylhet 3100Bangladesh

The mammalian gut is inhabited by a massive and complicated microbial community, in which the hostachieves a stable symbiotic environment through the interdependence, coordination, reciprocal constraintsand participation in an immune response. The interaction between the host gut and themicrobiota is essential for maintaining and achieving the homeostasis of the organism. Consequently, guthomeostasis is pivotal in safeguarding the growth and development and potential productive performanceof the host. As metabolites of microorganisms, short chain fatty acids are not only the preferredenergy metabolic feedstock for host intestinal epithelial cells, but also exert vital effects on antioxidantsand the regulation of intestinal community homeostasis. Herein, we summarize the effects of intestinalmicroorganisms on the host gut and the mechanisms of action of short chain fatty acids on the fourintestinal barriers of the organism, which will shed light on the manipulation of the intestinal communityto achieve precise nutrition for specific individuals and provide a novel perspective for theprevention and treatment of diseases.

关键词： Short chain fatty acids Gut microbiota Intestinal barrier Intestinal epithelium cells Interaction mechanism

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Use of 25-hydroxyvitamin D_(3) in diets for sows:A review

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第3期7卷 728-736页

作者： Lianhua Zhang xiangshu piao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Dietary supplementation with 25-hydroxyvitamin D_(3)(25OHD_(3)),as an alternative source of vitamin D,is becoming increasingly popular due to its commercialization and more efficient absorbability.The addition of 25OHD_(3)rather than its precursor vitamin D_(3)can circumvent the 25-hydroxylation reaction in the liver,indicating that supplementation of 25OHD_(3)can rapidly improve the circulating vitamin D status of animals.Emerging experiments have reported that maternal 25OHD_(3)supplementation could increase sow performances and birth outcomes and promote circulating vitamin D status of sows and their offspring.Increased milk fat content was observed in many experiments;however,others demonstrated that adding 25OHD_(3)to lactating sow diets increased the contents of milk protein and lactose.Although an inconsistency between the results of different experiments exists,these studies suggested that maternal 25OHD_(3)supplementation could alter milk composition via its effects on the mammary gland.Previous studies have demonstrated that adding 25OHD_(3)to sow diets could improve the mRNA expressions of insulin-induced gene 1(INSIG1)and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1(SREBP1)in the mammary gland cells from milk and increase the mRNA expressions of acetyl-CoA carboxylaseα(ACCα)and fatty acid synthase(FAS)in the mammary gland tissue.Maternal 25OHD_(3)supplementation promotes skeletal muscle development of piglets before and after parturition,and improves bone properties including bone density and bone breaking force in lactating sows and their piglets.Interestingly,25OHD_(3)supplementation in sow diets could improve neonatal bone development via regulation of milk fatty acid composition related to bone metabolism and mineralization.In this review,we also discuss the effects of adding 25OHD_(3)to sow diets on the gut bacterial metabolites of suckling piglets,and propose that butyrate production may be associated with bone health.Therefore,to better understand the nutritional functions of maternal 25OHD_(3)s

关键词： 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Milk composition Skeletal muscle Bone quality Bacterial metabolite

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Endogenous chitinase might lead to differences in growth performance and intestinal health of piglets fed different levels of black soldier fly larva meal

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 411-424页

作者： Sujie Liu Jian Wang Longxian Li Yonggai Duan Xiaolin Zhang Tenghao Wang Jianjun Zang xiangshu piao Yongxi Ma Defa Li State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityNo.2 Yuanmingyuan West RoadBeijing100193China Bennong Agricultural Technology Co. Ltd.Zhengzhou450045China Zhejiang Qinglian Food Co. LtdJiaxing314399China

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of black soldier fly(BSF)replacing soybean meal(SBM)in diets on the performance and health condition of piglets.A total of 180 weaned piglets were allocated into 5 treatments:BSF0(corn-soybean meal basal diet),BSF25(BSF replacing 25%SBM),BSF50(BSF replacing 50%SBM),BSF75(BSF replacing 75%SBM)and BSF100(BSF replacing 100%SBM).During the whole period,in comparison with BSF0,average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake increased in the BSF25 and BSF50 groups,whereas ADG decreased in the BSF75 and BSF100groups(P<0.05).The result of quadratic fitting curve showed that piglets exhibited the highest ADG when BSF replaced around 20%SBM.Compared with BSF0,organic matter and dry matter digestibility improved in the BSF25 group,whereas ether extract digestibility decreased in the BSF100 group(P<0.05).In comparison with BSF0,piglets from the BSF25 group showed a higher duodenal ratio of villus height to crypt depth,increased jejunal sucrase activity,serum neuropeptide Y and ghrelin levels,elevated ileal immunoglobulin(Ig)A,Ig G and Ig M contents and a lower leptin level,and piglets from the BSF100 group exhibited an increased relative weight of kidney(P<0.05).However,no significant differences were observed in the expression level of tight junction proteins and chitin-degrading enzyme.Additionally,compared with BSF0,the abundance of short chain fatty acid producing bacteria such as Ruminococcaceae,Faecalibacterium and Butyricicoccus increased,and potential pathogenic bacteria decreased in piglets from the BSF25 group,whereas piglets from the BSF100 group had a greater abundance of harmful bacteria.In conclusion,BSF replacing 25%SBM in diets could improve digestive parameters,immune function and intestinal microbiota,and thus improved growth performance of piglets.However,BSF replacing 100%SBM showed an adverse effect on piglet performance,and the reason might be related to the limited amount of chitin-degrading enzyme.

关键词： Black soldier fly Supplementation level Endogenous chitinase Gut microbiota Weaned pigs

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Phenolic compounds as natural feed additives in poultry and swine diets:a review

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 841-858页

作者： Shad Mahfuz Qinghui Shang xiangshu piao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Due to ban on using antibiotics in feed industry,awareness of using natural feed additives have led to a great demand.The interest of plants phenolic compounds as a potential natural antioxidant source has been considered in research community due to their predictable potential role as feed additives in poultry and swine production.However,the mode of action for their functional role and dosage recommendation in animal diets are still remain indistinct.Taking into account,the present review study highlights an outline about the mode of action of phenolic compound and their experimental uses in poultry and swine focusing on the growth performance,antioxidant function,immune function,antimicrobial role and overall health status,justified with the past findings till to date.Finally,the present review study concluded that supplementation of phenolic compounds as natural feed additives may have a role on the antioxidant,immunity,antimicrobial and overall production performance in poultry and swine.

关键词： Antioxidant role Immune response Phenolic compounds Production performance Poultry Swine

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