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Development of small intestinal barrier function and underlying mechanism in Chinese indigenous and Duroc piglets during suckling and weaning periods

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 429-442页

作者： Sujuan Ding Yating Cheng Md Abul Kalam Azad Qian Zhu Pan Huang xiangfeng kong CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125China College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

This study explored the developmental changes in small intestinal barrier function and the potential regulatory roles of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in different breeds of piglets during suckling and weaning *** black(TB),Xiangcun black(XB),and Duroc(DR)piglets(10 litters per breed;half male and half female)were selected for sampling to evaluate the intestinal barrier-related indexes and intestinal microbiota and metabolites at 1,10,21(weaned),and 24(3 d after weaning)d *** results showed that weaning led to severe shedding of small intestinal microvilli and sparse microvilli arrangement.D-lactate level in the ileum of TB and XB piglets during suckling and weaning periods was lower(P<0.01)than that of DR piglets,as well as the ileal diamine oxidase level at 1 d *** expression level of mucin 1 was higher(P<0.05)in the ileum of TB and XB piglets than that of DR piglets,and it was the highest in the ileum of TB piglets at 21 d *** expression levels of mucin 2 and mucin 13 were higher(P<0.10)in TB and XB piglets than those of DR piglets at 21 d old,whereas mucin2 and mucin 13 in the ileum of TB and XB piglets were higher(P<0.05)than those of DR piglets at 24 d *** and XB piglets had a lower relative abundance of Escherichia_Shigella at 21 and 24 d old,but they had higher Streptococcus at 1 and 24 d old than DR piglets(P<0.01).Differential metabolites between the three breeds of piglets were mainly related to oxidative phosphorylation,steroid biosynthesis,and bile acid ***,these findings suggest that different pig breeds present differences in the development of the small intestinal barrier *** with DR piglets,TB and XB piglets had higher intestinal permeability during the suckling period and a stronger intestinal mechanical barrier after ***,intestinal microbiota and metabolites are the key factors for developing small intestinal barrier functions in different breeds of piglets.

关键词： Chinese indigenous piglet Duroc piglet Immune function Intestinal barrier function Weaning stress

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AAV-mediated gene therapies by miniature gene editing tools

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年

作者： xiangfeng kong Tong Li Hui Yang Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Neuroscience Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences HuidaGene Therapeutics Co. Ltd. Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology

The advent of CRISPR-Cas has revolutionized precise gene editing. While pioneering CRISPR nucleases like Cas9 and Cas12 generate targeted DNA double-strand breaks(DSB) for knockout or homology-directed repair, next generation CRISPR technologies enable gene editing without DNA DSB. Base editors directly convert bases, prime editors make diverse alterations, and dead Cas-regulator fusions allow nuanced control of gene expression, avoiding potentially risks like translocations. Meanwhile, the discovery of diminutive Cas12 orthologs and Obligate Mobile Element-Guided Activity(OMEGA) nucleases has overcome cargo limitations of adeno-associated viral vectors, expanding prospects for in vivo therapeutic delivery. Here, we review the ever-evolving landscape of cutting-edge gene editing tools, focusing on miniature Cas12 orthologs and OMEGA effectors amenable to single AAV packaging. We also summarize CRISPR therapies delivered using AAV vectors, discuss challenges such as efficiency and specificity, and look to the future of this transformative field of in vivo gene editing enabled by AAV vectors delivery.

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enOsCas12f1-mediated exon skipping for Duchenne muscular dystrophy therapy in humanized mouse model

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第2期51卷 256-259页

作者： Ming Jin Jiajia Lin Yu Zhang Qingquan Xiao xiangfeng kong Xiumei Zhang Zhurui Shao Yin Wang Yuyang Yu Jinjing Li Wan-Jin Chen Guoling Li Hui Yang Ning Wang Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital Institute of NeuroscienceFujian Key Laboratory of Molecular NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian 350004China HUIDAGENE Therapeutics Co. Ltd.Shanghai 200131China Institute of Neuroscience State Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceKey Laboratory of Primate NeurobiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China

Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD)is a severe neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene,which encodes the essential protein *** genetic condition,affecting approximately 1 in 5000 male births worldwide(Birnkrant et al.,2018),is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting,leading to premature death in the second or third decade of life(Farini et al.,2016).The absence of dystrophin protein causes instability in the sarcolemma,which predisposes individuals to myonecrosis and activation of inflammatory signaling ***,there is currently no effective cure for DMD,and glucocorticoid steroids are commonly used in clinical settings to delay symptom development(Merlini et al.,2003).

关键词： dystrophy Duchenne

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宫内发育迟缓仔猪断奶后肠道菌群特征及其与生长的潜在联系

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畜牧与兽医 2024年第3期56卷 23-30页

作者：刘洋孔祥峰余祖功南京农业大学动物医学院江苏南京210095 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所/动物营养生理与代谢过程湖南省重点实验室湖南长沙410125

本试验旨在研究正常体重(NBW)仔猪和宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)仔猪肠道菌群的定植特征及其与器官生长发育的潜在联系。试验选取NBW仔猪和IUGR仔猪各12头,21日龄断奶后转至单栏饲喂,经7 d适应后,开始为期28 d的饲养试验。分别于试验的第0和28... 详细信息

本试验旨在研究正常体重(NBW)仔猪和宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)仔猪肠道菌群的定植特征及其与器官生长发育的潜在联系。试验选取NBW仔猪和IUGR仔猪各12头,21日龄断奶后转至单栏饲喂,经7 d适应后,开始为期28 d的饲养试验。分别于试验的第0和28天空腹称重并记录,屠宰后分离肝脏、脾脏和胰腺称重;分离空肠、回肠和结肠称重并测量长度,采集肠内容物进行微生物组分析。结果表明,与NBW仔猪相比,IUGR仔猪的末重、肝脏重、空肠重和长度均显著降低(P<0.05),而肝脏系数,回肠重、长度和系数以及结肠重、长度与系数均显著升高(P<0.05)。NBW仔猪和IUGR仔猪空肠、回肠和结肠微生物α和β多样性均无明显改变,而IUGR仔猪空肠变形菌门(Proteobacteria)丰度呈升高趋势(P=0.08),回肠Proteobacteria和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)丰度显著升高、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。此外,Spearman分析发现肠道菌丰度与仔猪器官发育密切相关,其中呈显著负相关(P<0.05)的包括:空肠葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)与末重、肝脏重和胰腺重,回肠Firmicutes与回肠重、回肠长度和回肠系数;呈显著正相关(P<0.05)的包括:回肠Proteobacteria与回肠重、回肠系数和肝脏系数,结肠Actinobacteria与结肠重和结肠系数。由上可见,NBW仔猪与IUGR仔猪断奶后肠道菌群定植发生明显变化,这与仔猪的器官生长发育受阻具有明显的相关性。

关键词：宫内发育迟缓断奶仔猪肠道微生物生长发育

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中国式现代化视野下青年发展友好型企业建设探索

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陕西青年职业学院学报 2024年第1期 72-76页

作者：孔祥风周群济南市团校山东济南250021

积极推动青年发展友好型企业建设既是时代的需求,也是青年的期待,更是J市推动全国青年发展型城市试点工作、建设黄河流域青年发展型城市示范标杆的新举措。J市目前在探索建设青年发展友好型企业过程中已取得一些经验,针对存在的问题,青... 详细信息

积极推动青年发展友好型企业建设既是时代的需求,也是青年的期待,更是J市推动全国青年发展型城市试点工作、建设黄河流域青年发展型城市示范标杆的新举措。J市目前在探索建设青年发展友好型企业过程中已取得一些经验,针对存在的问题,青年发展友好型企业建设可从优化顶层设计、强化内外联动、贴合青年需求、加大宣传力度、定期开展评估等方面进行优化。

关键词：中国式现代化青年发展友好型企业青年发展友好型城市

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基于Fluent的轨道车辆风道仿真及结构优化

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现代机械 2024年第1期 69-73页

作者：孔祥峰牛永刚南京铁道职业技术学院江苏南京210031 中车南京浦镇车辆有限公司江苏南京211800

基于某轨道交通车辆设计项目,在设计技术准备过程中,依据通风系统风道的安装空间要求,利用ANSYS Workbench软件对车辆的风道关键部分结构建立多种模型,通过数值模拟和优化分析,得到相关参数对风道流场的影响,提出了风道流场设计方案,为... 详细信息

基于某轨道交通车辆设计项目,在设计技术准备过程中,依据通风系统风道的安装空间要求,利用ANSYS Workbench软件对车辆的风道关键部分结构建立多种模型,通过数值模拟和优化分析,得到相关参数对风道流场的影响,提出了风道流场设计方案,为项目前期的方案准备提供了技术支持。

关键词：风道 ANSYS Workbench 流场数值模拟

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饲粮添加超微粉中药对蛋鸡肠道健康的影响

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核农学报 2024年第6期38卷 1065-1073页

作者：韩坤良孔祥峰崔亚东兰伟胡新张天伟南阳农业职业学院牧医工程学院河南南阳473000 阜阳师范大学生物与食品工程学院安徽阜阳236037

为研究超微粉碎的复方中药对产蛋后期蛋鸡肠道物理屏障和微生物组成的影响,选取307日龄的新杨黑羽蛋鸡216只,随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复9只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.5%丹参+0.25%女贞子+0.25%蒲公英(复... 详细信息

为研究超微粉碎的复方中药对产蛋后期蛋鸡肠道物理屏障和微生物组成的影响,选取307日龄的新杨黑羽蛋鸡216只,随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复9只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.5%丹参+0.25%女贞子+0.25%蒲公英(复方1)、0.3%益母草+0.2%丹参+0.25%女贞子+0.25%蒲公英(复方2)的超微粉。于试验第120天采集空肠和回肠样品,测定肠道形态、菌群组成及物理屏障功能相关基因表达水平。结果表明,与对照组相比,复方1组空肠绒毛高度(VH)、VH/隐窝深度(CD)比值、空肠ZO-1和Claudin-1以及回肠ZO-1的mRNA表达量显著增加、回肠放线菌门和肠球菌属的相对丰度显著增加(P<0.05),复方2组回肠VH显著降低、空肠及回肠VH/CD比值、图里西杆菌属相对丰度显著增加(P<0.05);与复方1组相比,复方2组空肠VH及VH/CD比值、回肠放线菌门和肠球菌属相对丰度显著降低、空肠Claudin-1和回肠ZO-1的mRNA表达量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加由益母草、丹参、女贞子和蒲公英组成的超微粉碎的复方中药可降低产蛋后期蛋鸡的肠道通透性,改善肠道组织形态,增加肠道中有益菌的定植,有利于维持机体肠道屏障功能和肠道微生物稳态。本研究结果为开发新型饲料添加剂提供了参考依据和实践基础。

关键词：中药超微粉新杨黑羽蛋鸡肠道形态菌群结构肠道屏障

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Serine-to-glycine ratios in low-protein diets regulate intramuscular fat by affecting lipid metabolism and myofiber type transition in the skeletal muscle of growing-finishing pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第2期7卷 384-392页

作者： Xihong Zhou Yonghui Liu Lingyu Zhang xiangfeng kong Fengna Li Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Institute of Subtropical AgricultureThe Chinese Academy of SciencesChangsha410125China Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangsha410081China

Serine and glycine are 2 of the first-affected nonessential amino acids in low crude protein(CP)diets for ***,we explored the effects of different dietary serine-to-glycine ratios on growth perfor-mance and lipid metabolism in growing-finishing pigs.A total of 160 crossbred healthy barrows,with a similar body weight of around 59.50 kg,were randomly allotted into 1 of 5 treatments(8 pens per treatment and 4 pigs per pen).The serine-to-glycine ratios of the 5 dietary treatments were as follows:diet A(NORMAL group),1.18∶1(16%CP);diet B(LOW group),1.2∶1(12%CP);diet C(S2G1 group),2∶1(12%CP);diet D(S1G2 group),1∶2(12%CP);and diet E(S1G1 group),1∶1(12%CP).We found that the pigs fed a low CP diet(12%CP),when maintaining serine-to-glycine ratio at 1∶2 and a total amount of 1.44%,had the same average daily gain as the pigs fed a normal CP diet(16%CP)(P>0.05),but they had increased intramuscular fat(P<0.05).Furthermore,they exhibited higher expression of genes involved in lipid oxidation(P<0.05),which was regulated by modulating methylation levels in the promoters of acyl-CoA oxidase 1(ACOX1)and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain(ACADM).When compared with the pigs fed a normal CP diet,these pigs had more oxidative myofibers(P<0.05),which were regulated by AMPK-PGC-1αand Calcineurin-MEF2/NFAT pathways in a coordinated *** findings suggested that a dietary serine-to-glycine ratio of 1:2 is beneficial for improving meat quality in pigs fed a low CP diet.

关键词： AMP-activated protein kinase GlycineLipid oxidation Low-protein diet Methylation Serine

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改建公路交通量分析及预测研究

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山东交通科技 2024年第2期 104-107,124页

作者：韩真真孔祥逢王明涛潍坊市寒亭区公路事业发展中心山东潍坊261100 山东华远公路勘察设计有限公司山东潍坊261061 山东科技大学交通学院山东青岛266590

以潍坊市X005灶朱路G206至朱里段改建工程为例,在交通量观测、OD调查等交通调研的基础上,运用增长率法、弹性系数法、Fratar模型、重力模型等进行交通量分析及预测。结果表明:该改建工程中小客车、小货车比重较大,项目影响区内发生量、... 详细信息

以潍坊市X005灶朱路G206至朱里段改建工程为例,在交通量观测、OD调查等交通调研的基础上,运用增长率法、弹性系数法、Fratar模型、重力模型等进行交通量分析及预测。结果表明:该改建工程中小客车、小货车比重较大,项目影响区内发生量、吸引量比重较大的交通小区是潍坊市城区、昌邑市城区、寒亭区等地区;未来该项目所在区的中型车和小货车占比有下降趋势,汽车列车和大型车占比有上升趋势。

关键词：交通量分析交通量预测 OD矩阵 Fratar模型

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Phosphogypsum stabilization of bauxite residue:Conversion of its alkaline characteristics

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第3期31卷 1-10页

作者： Shengguo Xue Meng Li Jun Jiang Graeme J.Millar Chuxuan Li xiangfeng kong School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University Institute for Future Environments Science and Engineering Faculty Queensland University of Technology

Reduction of the high alkalinity of bauxite residue is a key problem to solve to make it suitable for plant growth and comprehensive utilization. In this study, phosphogypsum, a waste product from the phosphate fertilizer industry, was used to drive the alkaline transformation of the bauxite residue. Under optimal water washing conditions(liquid/solid ratio of 2 mL/g, 30°C, 24 hr), the impact of quantity added, reaction time and reaction mechanism during phosphogypsum application were investigated. Phosphogypsum addition effectively lowered p H levels and reduced the soluble alkalinity by 92.2%. It was found that the concentration of soluble Na and Ca ions in the supernatant increased gradually, whilst the exchangeable Na+and Ca^(2+)in solid phase changed 112 mg/kg and 259 mg/kg, respectively. Ca^(2+)became the dominant element in the solid phase(phosphogypsum addition of 2%, liquid/solid ratio of 2 mL/g, 30°C, 12 hr). X-ray diffraction data indicated that cancrinite and hydrogarnet were the primary alkaline minerals. SEM images suggested that phosphogypsum could promote the formation of stable macroaggregates, whilst the content of Ca^(2+)increased from 5.6% to 18.2% and Na reduced from 6.8% to 2.4%. Treatment with phosphogypsum could significantly promote the transformation of alkalinity cations by neutralization, precipitation and replacement *** research provided a feasible method to promote soil formation of bauxite residue by phosphogypsum amendment.

关键词： Bauxite residue Phosphogypsum Alkaline ions Alkaline transformation Soil formation

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