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Application of deep learning methods combined with physical background in wide field of view imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第4期35卷 208-220页

作者： Ao-Yan Cheng Hao Cai Shi Chen Tian-Lu Chen xiang Dong You-liang Feng Qi Gao Quan-Bu Gou Yi-Qing Guo Hong-Bo Hu Ming-Ming Kang Hai-Jin li Chen liu Mao-Yuan liu Wei liu Fang-Sheng Min Chu-Cheng Pan Bing-qiang Qiao xiang-li qian Hui-Ying Sun Yu-Chang Sun Ao-Bo Wang Xu Wang Zhen Wang Guang-Guang Xin Yu-Hua Yao qiang Yuan Yi Zhang School of Physics and Technology Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Ministry of Education The Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University)Lhasa 850000China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 A Yuquan RoadShijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China School of Intelligent Engineering Shandong Management UniversityJinan 250357China Tsung‑Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Suzhou Aerospace Information Research Institute Suzhou 215123China College of Physics Chongqing UniversityNo.55 Daxuecheng South RoadHigh‑tech DistrictChongqing 401331China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

The High Altitude Detection of Astronomical Radiation(HADAR)experiment,which was constructed in Tibet,China,combines the wide-angle advantages of traditional EAS array detectors with the high-sensitivity advantages of focused Cherenkov *** objective is to observe transient sources such as gamma-ray bursts and the counterparts of gravitational *** study aims to utilize the latest AI technology to enhance the sensitivity of HADAR *** datasets and models with distinctive creativity were constructed by incorporating the relevant physical theories for various *** models can determine the type,energy,and direction of the incident particles after careful *** obtained a background identification accuracy of 98.6%,a relative energy reconstruction error of 10.0%,and an angular resolution of 0.22°in a test dataset at 10 *** findings demonstrate the significant potential for enhancing the precision and dependability of detector data analysis in astrophysical *** using deep learning techniques,the HADAR experiment’s observational sensitivity to the Crab Nebula has surpassed that of MAGIC and *** energies below 0.5 TeV and remains competitive with conventional narrow-field Cherenkov telescopes at higher *** addition,our experiment offers a new approach for dealing with strongly connected,scattered data.

关键词： VHE gamma-ray astronomy HADAR Deep learning Convolutional neural networks

The Existence of LHMTS(m^v) and LHDTS(m^v)

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2018年第11期34卷 1703-1717页

作者： xiang qian li Ru Hong HU Zi Hong TIAN Institute of Mathematics Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 P. R. China College of Mathematics and Information Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 P. R. China

In this article, we establish the existence of an LHMTS（mv） for v ≡ 2 （mod 6） and m≡ 3 （mod 6）. Thus there exists an LHMTS（mv） if and only if v（v-1）m2 ≡ 0 （mod 3） except possibly for v=6, m≡ 1, 5 （mod 6） and m≠1. In the similar way, the existence of LHDTS（mv） is completely determined, i.e., there exists an LHDTS（mv） if and only if v（v-1）m2 ≡ 0 （mod 3）.

关键词： Holey Mendelsohn triple system holey directed triple system large set

Multilayered gradient CrN/ZrN coatings synthesized by magnetron sputtering

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2004年第Z1期14卷 243-246页

作者： liU Feng WANG Ming-xia liU qian-xiang li De-jun College of Physics and Electronic Information Science Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300074 China Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Science Hefei 230031 China College of Physics and Electronic Information ScienceTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300074 China College of Physics and Electronic Information ScienceTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300074 China College of Physics and Electronic Information ScienceTianjin Normal University Tianjin 300074 China

The multilayer gradient CrN/ZrN coatings were synthesized by a dual cathode DC magnetron *** influence of different species of reaction gases and partial pressures on structure and mechanical properties was investigated using XRD, AES, XPS, and nanoindentation. The results show that N2-NH3 mixture process gas is of benefit to the synthesis of superhard multilayered gradient CrN/ZrN coatings. The presence of the preferred orientations of CrN(111), (200) and ZrN (111), (220) in the structure is a main reason for superhardness of multilayered gradient coatings.

关键词： magnetron sputtering multilayered gradient coating CrN/ZrN nanoindentation

Simulation study on performance optimization of a prototype scintillation detector for the GRANDProto35 experiment

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2021年第5期32卷 71-83页

作者： xiang-li qian Hui-Ying Sun Cheng liu Xu Wang Olivier Martineau-Huynh School of Intelligent Engineering Shandong Management UniversityJinan 250357China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Sorbonne Universite Universite Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris CiteCNRS/IN2P3LPNHEParisFrance

As a proposed detector,the giant radio array for neutrino detection(GRAND)is primarily designed to discover and study the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays,with ultra-high-energy neutrinos presenting the main method for detecting ultra-high-energy cosmic rays and their *** main principle is to detect radio emissions generated by ultra-high-energy neutrinos interacting with the atmosphere as they *** is the largest neutrino detection array to be built in ***35,as the first stage of the GRAND experiment,is a coincidence array composed of radio antennas and a scintillation detector,the latter of which,as a traditional detector,is used to perform cross-validation with radio detection,thus verifying the radio detection efficiency and enabling study of the background exclusion *** study focused on the implementation of the optimization simulation and experimental testing of the performance of the prototype scintillation detector used in GRANDProto35.A package based on GEANT4 was used to simulate the details of the scintillation detector,including the optical properties of its materials,the height of the light guide box,and position *** surface of the scintillator and the reflective materials used in the detector was optimized,and the influence of light guide heights and position inhomogeneity on the energy and time resolutions of the detector was *** to the simulation study,the number of scintillator photoelectrons increased when changing from the polished surface to the ground surface,with the appropriate design height for the light guide box being 50 cm and the appropriate design area for the scintillator being 0.5 m^(2).The performance of the detector was tested in detail through a coincidence experiment,and the test results showed that the number of photoelectrons collected in the detector was$84 with a time resolution of~1 ns,indicating good *** simulation results were consistent with

关键词： GRANDProto35 GEANT4 Scintillation detector light guide height Photoelectrons

Simulation study on cosmic ray background at large zenith angle based on GRANDProto35 coincidence array experiment

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2021年第1期32卷 35-45页

作者： xiang-li qian Xu Wang Hui-Ying Sun Zhen Wang Olivier Martineau-Huynh School of Intelligent Engineering Shandong Management UniversityJinan 250357China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Sorbonne Paris Cite CNRS/IN2P3LPNHESorbonne UniversiteUniversite Paris DiderotParisFrance

Neutrino detection in the 100 PeV energy region is the ultimate means of studying the origin of ultra-highenergy cosmic rays,in which the large radio detection array giant radio array for neutrino detection(GRAND)project aims to use to decipher this century-old *** GRANDProto35 compact array is a microform of 35 radio prototype detectors for the GRAND experiment,which verifies the reliability of GRAND performance through operation,and data analysis of the prototype *** radio detectors are a novel development in recent years,and their indexes need to be verified by traditional detectors,the GRAND Cooperation Group designed and constructed the GRANDProto35 coincidence array composed of radio detectors and scintillation *** study simulated the changes in detection efficiency,effective area,and event rate of cosmic rays with zenith angle based on this coincidence *** study found that the 1017 eV energy region is sensitive to GRANDProto35 *** the energy exceeded 1017 eV,the array detection efficiency could reach more than 95%and the effective area was up to*29106 m2.A simulation study on cosmic ray events with large zenith angles showed that the event rate detected by the array decreased significantly with increasing zenith angle,and the event rate of cosmic rays was approximately 0.1 per day for a zenith angle of 75.This serves as the background pollution rate for neutrino observation caused by largeangle cosmic-ray events,providing an important reference for further *** study results will be verified after the joint operation of the coincidence array.

关键词： GRANDProto35 GEANT4 Scintillation detector Cosmic ray

Erratum:"Gamma/Hadron Separation Method for the HADAR Experiment"(2024,RAA,24,035007)

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第7期24卷 273-273页

作者： Yang-Zhao Ren Tian-Lu Chen You-liang Feng Dan-Zeng Luo-Bu Yi-Qing Guo Cheng liu Qi Gao Mao-Yuan liu xiang-li qian Ya-Ping Wang Zi-Hao Zhang Xin-Long li Qing-Yuan Hou Heng-Jiao liu Qing-qian Zhou Shan-Jie Shu The Key aboraory ComicRays(bet Univery)Minitry EucationLhasa 850000ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(CTibet University).Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysices Instiue of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBiing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049.China School of Inelligent Engineering Shandong Management UniversityJinan 250357China

Thinking process rules extraction for manufacturing process design

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Advances in Manufacturing 2017年第4期5卷 321-334页

作者： Jing-Tao Zhou xiang-qian li Ming-Wei Wang Rui Niu Qing Xu Key Laboratory of Contemporary Design and Integrated Manufacturing Technology Ministry of Education of ChinaNorthwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072People's Republic of China Department of Software and Information Service Research Electronic Technology Information Research Institute Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China Beijing 100040 People's Republic of China

To realize the reuse of process design knowledge and improve the efficiency and quality of process design, a method for extracting thinking process rules for process design is proposed. An instance representation model of the process planning reflecting the thinking process of techni- cians is established to achieve an effective representation of the process documents. The related process attributes are extracted from the model to form the related events. The manifold learning algorithm and clustering analysis are used to preprocess the process instance data. A rule extraction mechanism of process design is introduced, which is based on the related events after dimension reduction and clustering, and uses the association rule mining algorithm to realize the similar process information extraction in the same cluster. Through the vectorization description of the related events, the final process design rules are formed. Finally, an example is given to evaluate the method of process design rules extraction.

关键词： Process design rules Process design rules extraction Process planning model Related event Manifold learning

A novel trigger algorithm for wide-field-of-view imaging atmospheric Cherenkov technique experiments

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2022年第3期33卷 22-28页

作者： Guang-Guang Xin Hao Cai Yi-Qing Guo Tian-Lu Chen Cheng liu xiang-li qian School of Physics and Technology Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Ministry of Education The Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University)Lhasa 850000China School of Intelligent Engineering Shandong Management UniversityJinan 250357China

The high-altitude detection of astronomical radiation(HADAR)experiment is a new Cherenkov observation technique with a wide field of view(FoV),aimed at observing the prompt emissions ofγ-ray bursts(GRBs).The bottleneck for this type of experiment can be found in determining how to reject the high rate of nightsky background(NSB)noise from random *** this work,we propose a novel method for rejecting noise,which considers the spatial properties of GRBs and the temporal characteristics of Cherenkov *** space coordinates,the map between the celestial sphere and the fired photomultiplier tubes(PMTs)on the telescope's camera can be expressed as f(δ(i,j))=δ'(i',j'),which means that a limited number of PMTs is selected from one *** the temporal scale,a 20-ns time window was selected based on the knowledge of Cherenkov *** allowed integration of the NSB for a short time ***,the angular resolution and effective area at 100 GeV in the HADAR experiment were obtained as 0.2°and 10^(4)m^(2),*** method can be applied to all wide-FoV experiments.

关键词： IACTs Wide field of view(FoV) γ-ray burst Cherenkov radiation

An Injectable Hydrogel with or without Drugs for Prevention of Epidural Scar Adhesion after Laminectomy in Rats

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2016年第2期34卷 147-163页

作者： lin Chen xiang-qian li Lu-ping Cao Xi-lei li Jun-rong Meng 董健俞麟 Jian-dong Ding State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers&Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

Epidural scarring occurs inevitably in the defect after spinal laminectomy, and thus how to prevent or reduce it becomes a challenging topic. In the present study, an injectable hydrogel and its dexamethasone （DEX）-loaded hydrogel systems were adopted to prevent epidural scarring in a postlaminectomy rat model. The hydrogel system composed of poly（D,L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid）-poly（ethylene glycol）-poly（D,L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid）（PLGA-PEG-PLGA） triblock copolymers was a free-flowing sol at room temperature, and spontaneously turned into a semi-solid gel at body temperature. A lumbar 3 total laminectomy was performed on Sprague Dawley （SD） rats, and the efficacy of the injectable hydrogel with or without drugs in preventing epidural scar formation was evaluated via the gross anatomical observation and histological examination at one month post-surgery. The results demonstrate that the use of hydrogel alone reduced epidural scarring significantly, whereas the efficacy of the DEX-loaded hydrogels presented an irregular dose-dependency of drug and even the inappropriate drug doses resulted in the negative results. Therefore, the present study confirms that the PLGA-PEG- PLGA hydrogel holds potential as a barrier device to decrease peridural scarring, and reveals that the sustained delivery of the steroid hormone DEX to prevent surgery-related adhesions in the laminectomy defect is complex. Moreover, our in vivo studies also remind the researchers to pay attention to the irregular dose-dependency of the hormone drugs.

关键词： Thermo-reversible hydrogel Epidural scarring Laminectomy Steroid hormone.