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Effect of TiO_(2) and BaO on viscosity and potassium removal capacity of blast furnace slag

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第11期31卷 2675-2683页

作者： Jian-tao Ju Xin-yi Li Liu-le Wei xiang-dong xing School of Metallurgical Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an710055ShaanxiChina Research Center of Metallurgical Engineering and Technology of Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology Xi’an710055ShaanxiChina

In order to increase the utilization rate of vanadium–titanium magnetite in blast furnace smelting,the viscosity and potassium removal capacity of CaO–SiO_(2)–Al_(2)O_(3)–MgO–BaO–TiO_(2) slag(CaO/SiO_(2)=1.05,1–5 wt.%BaO,2–20 wt.%TiO_(2))were studied for slag optimization using the cylinder method and slag–metal equilibrium technique,***,the structural properties of the slag were characterized by Fourier transform infrared *** concept of“a ring structure of Ti–O–Si”was proposed to express the change in the viscosity of the blast furnace *** results showed that the viscosity of slag increased with the increase in BaO content while the potassium removal capacity ***,an increase in TiO_(2) content from 2 to 20 wt.%resulted in a decrease in viscosity and an increase in potassium removal *** Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that the charge compensation of Ba2+can form complex aluminosilicate structure and increase the viscosity of ***,with the increase in TiO_(2) content,Ti4+ions replace Si4+in the silicon-oxygen tetrahedral structure,thereby reducing the degree of polymerization of the silicate network and decreasing the viscosity.

关键词： Blast furnace slag Viscosity Structure Potassium removal capacity BaO TiO_(2)

Phase transformation behavior of titanium during carbothermic reduction of titanomagnetite ironsand

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2016年第7期23卷 760-768页

作者： Yi-ran Liu Jian-liang Zhang Zheng-jian Liu xiang-dong xing School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing School of Metallurgical Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology

The reduction of titanomagnetite（TTM） ironsand, which contains 11.41wt% TiO_2 and 55.63wt% total Fe, by graphite was performed using a thermogravimetric analysis system under an argon gas atmosphere at 1423–1623 K. The behavior and effects of titanium in TTM ironsand during the reduction process were investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. During the reduction procedure, the titanium concentrated in the slag phase, where the phase transformation followed this sequence： Fe O ＋ FeTiO_3 → Fe_2 TiO_4 → FeTiO_3 → FeTi_2O_5 → TiO_2. The calculated results for the reduction kinetics showed that the carbothermic reduction was controlled by the diffusion of ions through the product layer. Furthermore, the apparent activation energy was 170.35 k J·mol^（-1）.

关键词： titanomagnetite carbothermic reduction apparent activation energy phase transformation

Effect of aluminum oxide on the compressive strength of pellets

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第4期21卷 339-344页

作者： Jian-liang Zhang Zhen-yang Wang xiang-dong xing Zheng-jian Liu School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing

Analytical-reagent-grade Al2O3 was added to magnetite ore during the process of pelletizing, and the methods of mercury intru-sion, scanning electron microscopy, and image processing were used to investigate the effect of Al2O3 on the compressive strength of the pellets. The results showed that, as the Al2O3 content increased, the compressive strength of the pellets increased slightly and then decreased gradually. When a small amount of Al2O3 was added to the pellets, the Al2O3 combined with fayalite （2FeO＆#183;SiO2） and the aluminosilicate （2FeO＆#183;2Al2O3＆#183;5SiO2） was generated, which releases some iron oxide and reduces the inhibition of fayalite to the solid phase of consolidation. When Al2O3 increased sequentially, high melting point of Al2O3 particles hinder the oxidation of Fe3O4 and the recrystallization of Fe2O3, making the internal porosity of the pellets increase, which leads to the decrease in compressive strength of the pellets.

关键词： magnetite ore pellets alumina compressive strength porosity microanalysis

Effect of different bottom blowing elements on stirring characteristics of molten bath in converter

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第2期31卷 368-376页

作者： Ming Lv Shuang-ping Chen Hong-min Guo Yi-jie Hao xiang-dong xing School of Metallurgical Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an710055ShaanxiChina Shaanxi Longmen Steel Company Hancheng715405ShaanxiChina

The bottom blowing element is the key equipment to ensure the bottom blowing effect of the *** types of bottom blowing elements,dispersive type(D1),double circular seam(D2)and straight cylinder type(D3),were built,and the effects of bottom blowing element type on molten bath flow,wall erosion and furnace bottom erosion were *** was found that when the bottom blowing elements of dispersive type(D1)and double circular seam(D2)were used,the dead zone area in the lower part of the molten bath was smaller,and the high-speed zone area was larger;therefore,the stirring effect on the bottom melt was *** the straight cylinder type(D3)bottom blowing element was used,the gas penetrated the molten bath at a faster rate to reach the surface of molten bath and failed to disperse in the bottom molten bath,and the wall shear stress near the nozzle outlet was *** argon was blown by three different bottom blowing elements,the area of the wall shear stress greater than 3 Pa was 4.8,5.6 and 8.7 cm2,respectively,within 0.2 m of the bottom blowing nozzle outlet.

关键词： Converter steelmaking Bottom blowing element Molten bath stirring Wall erosion

Reduction of Pyrite Cinder Pellets Mixed with Coal Powder

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2014年第7期21卷 653-659页

作者： xiang-dong xing Jian-liang ZHANG Zhen-yang WANG Ke-xin JIAO xing-le LIU Shan REN College of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing College of Metallurgical Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology

Direct reduction of pyrite cinder in a rotary hearth furnace （RHF） was studied under the condition of labo ratory simulation. Effects of reduction temperature, reduction time, molar ratio of carbon to oxygen, .and CaO addition on metallization rate as well as compressive strength of the pellets after reduction were discussed. The results showed that the metallization rate and compressive strength were 93.9% and 2 160 N per pellet respectively under the conditions of the reduction temperature of 1 200 ℃, the reduction time of 16 min, and the molar ratio of carbon to oxygen （xc/xo） of 1. 0; adding 2.5% CaO was beneficial to sulfur enrichment in slag phase of pellet, and metal- lization rate increased slightly while compressive strength decreased.

关键词： pyrite cinder metallization rate compressive strength pellet coal powder

Effect of mechanical activation on enhancement of carbothermal reduction of nickel slag

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2020年第11期27卷 1311-1321页

作者： Xiao-ming Li Hai-bo Yang Jin-bang Ruan Yi Li Zhen-yu Wen xiang-dong xing School of Metallurgical Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi'an 710055ShaanxiChina Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Metallurgical Xi'an 710055ShaanxiChina

The effects of mechanical activation on particle size distribution,crystalline phase,morphology,and mechanical energy storage of nickel slag were ***,the direct reduction experiments of mechanically activated nickel slag mixed with reducing agent graphite powder were performed under conditions of 873-1273 K and reduction for 30-70 *** results show that after 12 h of activation,90%of the nickel slag has a particle diameter less than 1.05 pm,and the total energy storage is 1790.4 kJ mol^(-1).With the extension of the mechanical activation duration,the intensity of the dift'raction peaks of the main crystalline phases Fe_(2)SiO_(4) and Mg2SiO4 in the nickel slag *** activation is also an effective means to enhance the reduction of nickel *** the extension of the activation time,the reduction effect of the nickel slag and metallization degree *** 12 h of mechanical activation,the nickel slag was reduced at 1273 K for 70 min,and the metallization degree of the reduced product could reach 83.12%.

关键词： Mechanical activation Carbothermal reduction Nickel slag Particle size distribution Mechanical energy storage

Effect of BaSO_(4) on phase composition and sintering process of iron ore fines

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2022年第3期29卷 408-417页

作者： Jian-tao Ju Chen-mei Tang Guang-heng Ji xiang-dong xing Gui-qing Zhao Xin-tai Jiang Feng-lin Lu School of Metallurgical Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an710055ShaanxiChina Research Center of Metallurgical Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an710055ShaanxiChina JISCO Iron and Steel Research Institute Jiayuguan735100ShaanxiChina

Iron ore containing BaSO_(4) may have a series of effects on the quality of the sinter and performance of the blast ***,the effect mechanism of BaSO_(4)(0-6.0 mass%)on the compressive strength,mineral composition,and microstructure of the sinter was *** experimental results show that the compressive strength of the sintered samples initially increases and then decreases when the BaSO_(4) content increases from 0 to 6.0 mass%,reaching a peak value of 12.78 kN with a BaSO_(4) content of 1.0 mass%.Thermal analysis indicates that BaSO_(4) initially decomposes to produce BaO at 1468 K in the presence of iron *** combines with Fe_(2)O_(3) forming barium ferrite(Ba_(2)Fe_(6)O_(11)),which exists in the sintered sample with a granular *** also dissolves in calcium ferrite and slag to promote the formation of calcium ferrite and barium glass,*** content of needle-like calcium ferrite gradually increases and then decreases with the increase in BaSO_(4) *** exists in a plate-like *** generation of dicalcium ferrite is promoted by increasing the BaSO_(4) addition from 2.0 to 6.0 mass%.

关键词： Sinter Barium sulfate Hematite Barium ferrite Mineral structure

Mechanisms of Swelling of Iron Ore Oxidized Pellets in High Reduction Potential Atmosphere

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2015年第1期22卷 1-8页

作者： Run-sheng XU Jian-liang ZHANG Hai-bin ZUO Ke-xin JIAO Zheng-wen HU xiang-dong xing School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing

The influences of the time, temperature and atmosphere on the reduction swelling of oxidized pellets were investigated by single factor experiments. The mechanisms of reduction swelling of oxidized pellets were analyzed and investigated by SEM （scanning electron microscopy） and XRD （X-ray diffractometer） analysis. The results show that the change rules of reduction swelling index of oxidized pellets in different reduction atmospheres are very similar. With the increase of reduction time, the reduction swelling index moves up firstly and then down. When the reduction temperature is above 900 ℃, α-quartz turns into α-tridymite, and the transition generates additional volume expansion effect. The reduction swelling index changes faster in H2 atmosphere than in CO atmosphere. Increasing Ha content in the reduction atmosphere is useful to decrease the reduction swelling index, but it is also easy to cause oxidized pellets cracking.

关键词： high reduction potential atmosphere oxidized pellet reduction swelling mechanism cracking

Reduction mechanisms of pyrite cinder-carbon composite pellets

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2012年第11期19卷 986-991页

作者： Zheng-jian Liu xiang-dong xing Jian-liang Zhang Ming-ming Cao Ke-xin Jiao Shan Ren State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy School of Metallurgical and Ecological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The non-isothermal reduction mechanisms of pyrite cinder-carbon composite pellets were studied at laboratory scale under argon （Ar） atmosphere. The composite pellets as well as the specimens of separate layers containing pyrite cinder and coal were tested. The degree of reduction was measured by mass loss. The microstmctures of the reduced composite pellets were characterized by scanning electron mi- croscopy （SEM）. It is found that the reduction processes of the composite pellets may be divided into four stages： reduction via CO and H2 from volatiles in coal at 673-973 K, reduction via H2 and C produced by cracking of hydrocarbon at 973-1123 K, direct reduction by carbon via gaseous intermediates at 1123-1323 K, and direct reduction by carbon at above 1323 K. Corresponding to the four stages, the apparent activation energies （E） for the reduction of the composite pellets are 86.26, 78.54, 72.01, and 203.65 ***-1, respectively.

关键词： pyrite ore pellets reduction microstructure activation energy