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Science China(Life Sciences) 2020年第4期63卷 620-622页

作者： Xin-Qi Gao Huan Guan xian-sheng zhang National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018China

Fertilization produces diploid zygote as the initiation of new diploid organism by fusing two haploid gametes(sperm and egg cell).Different from animals,plants in angiosperms produce immobile sperms in pollen/pollen tube(male gametophyte).Whereas,the egg cell is located in the female gametophyte(embryo sac)that consists of two female gametes(egg and central cells)and accessory cells(synergids and antipodals).Embryo sac is embedded in the ovule of ovary,which is an enlarged basal portion of the *** growth of pollen tube provides a strategy for the immobile sperm approaching the egg *** pollination,pollen germinates at the surface of the stigma and produces pollen *** grows through the transmitting tract of the style and emerges from it to enter the ovary in response to certain attracting cues from the ovule.

关键词： attracting approaching tube

Auxin-Cytokinin Interaction Regulates Meristem Development

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Molecular Plant 2011年第4期4卷 616-625页

作者： Ying-Hua Su Yu-Bo Liu xian-sheng zhang State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Taian Shandong 271018 China

Plant hormones regulate many aspects of plant growth and development. Both auxin and cytokinin have been known for a long time to act either synergistically or antagonistically to control several significant developmental processes, such as the formation and maintenance of meristem. Over the past few years, exciting progress has been made to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the auxin-cytokinin action and interaction. In this review, we shall briefly discuss the major progress made in auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis, auxin transport, and auxin and cytokinin signaling. The frameworks for the complicated interaction of these two hormones in the control of shoot apical meristem and root apical meristem formation as well as their roles in in vitro organ regeneration are the major focus of this review.

关键词： Auxin cytokinin interaction shoot meristem root meristem development.

Application of Wox2a in transformation of recalcitrant maizegenotypes

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aBIOTECH 2023年第4期4卷 386-388页

作者： Qiangbo Liu xian sheng zhang Ying Hua Su National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018China

The genetic transformation plays an important role in plant gene functional analysis and its geneticimprovement. However, only a limited number of maize germplasms can be routinely transformed. Themaize gene Wuschel-like homeobox protein 2a (Wox2a) was shown to play a crucial role in promotingthe formation of embryonic cells and enhancing the efficiency of genetic transformation in maize. Thiscommentary discusses the mechanism by which the Wox2a gene contributes to the variation inembryogenic tissue culture response among different maize inbred lines. In addition, the frequency andintensity of Wox2a or Wus2/Bbm vector-induced somatic embryogenesis was also discussed. Theapplication of Wox2a in transformation of recalcitrant maize genotypes could well accelerate thedevelopment of maize genetic improvement.

关键词： Genetic transformation Maize Wox2a Recalcitrant maize genotypes

Induction of Somatic Embryos in Arabidopsis Requires Local YUCCA Expression Mediated by the Down-Regulation of Ethylene Biosynthesis

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Molecular Plant 2013年第4期6卷 1247-1260页

作者： Bo Bai Ying Hua Su Jia Yuan xian sheng zhang State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Taian Shandong 271018 China

Somatic embryogenesis is an important experimental model for studying cellular and molecular mechanisms of early embryo development. Although it has long been known that removal of exogenous auxin from medium results in somatic embryogenesis, the mechanisms underlying the initiation of somatic embryos （SEs） are poorly understood. In this study, we showed that YUCCAs （YUCs） encoding key enzymes in auxin biosynthesis are required for SE induction in Arabidopsis. To identify other factors mediating SE initiation, we performed transcriptional profiling and gene expres- sion analysis. The results showed that genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and its responses were down-regulated during SE initiation. Ethylene level decreased progressively during SE initiation, whereas treatment with the metabolic precursor of ethylene, 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid （ACC）, or mutation of ETHYLENE-OVERPRODUCTION1 （ET01） disrupted SE induction, suggesting that ethylene plays a role in this process. Suppression of SE induction was also observed in the constitutive triple response 1 （ctrl） mutant, in which ethylene signaling was enhanced. These results indicate that down-regulation of not only ethylene biosynthesis, but also ethylene response is critical for SE induction. We further showed that ethylene disturbed SE initiation through inhibiting YUC expression that might be involved in local auxin biosynthesis and subsequent auxin distribution. Our results provide new information on the mechanisms of hormone-regulated SE initiation.

关键词： YUC genes auxin biosynthesis auxin distribution ethylene somatic embryo induction Arabidopsis

Regulation of cell reprogramming by auxin during somatic embryogenesis

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aBIOTECH 2020年第3期1卷 185-193页

作者： Li Ping Tang xian sheng zhang Ying Hua Su State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018ShandongChina

How somatic cells develop into a whole plant is a central question in plant developmental *** powerful ability of plant cells is recognized as their *** embryogenesis is an excellent example and a good research system for studying plant cell ***,very little is known about the molecular basis of cell reprogramming from somatic cells to totipotent cells in this *** somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos in Arabidopsis,exogenous auxin treatment is required for embryonic callus formation,but removal of exogenous auxin inducing endogenous auxin biosynthesis is essential for somatic embryo(SE)*** expression of specific transcription factor genes,such as "LAFL" and BABY BOOM(BBM),can induce SEs without exogenous growth *** embryogenesis can also be triggered by stress,as well as by disruption of chromatin remodeling,including PRC2-mediated histone methylation,histone deacetylation,and PKL-related chromatin *** is evident that embryonic identity genes are required and endogenous auxin plays a central role for cell reprogramming during the induction of ***,we focus on reviewing the regulation of cell reprogramming for somatic embryogenesis by auxin.

关键词： Somatic embryogenesis Auxin Cell reprogramming Transcription factors Chromatin remodeling

Expression Analysis of Dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Purple Grains of Wheat

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2005年第9期47卷 1107-1114页

作者： Mao-Sen LIU Fang WANG Yu-Xiu DONG xian-sheng zhang Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Taian Shandong 271018 China

The grain color of wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） is an important characteristic in crop production. Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase genes （DFR） encode the key enzyme dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, which is involved in the pigmentation of plant tissues. To investigate the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin deposition in grains of wheat, we determined the expression of the wheat DFR gene in purple grains of cultivar Heimai 76. The results showed that DFR transcripts were localized in the seed coat of purple grains rather than in the pericarp, whereas anthocyanins were accumulated in both tissues of purple grains, suggesting that anthocyanin deposition was mainly regulated at the transcriptional level. Overexpression of the TaDFR-A gene in Arabidopsis showed that TaDFR-A was responsible for the pigmentation of Arabidopsis plant tissues, indicating TaDFR-A gene has the same role in Arabidopsis.

关键词： anthocyanin dihydroflavonol 4-reductase localization of TaDFR transcripts purple grain wheat.

Cell Fate Switch during In Vitro Plant Organogenesis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第7期50卷 816-824页

作者： xiang Yu Zhao Ying Hua Su ZhiJuan Cheng xian sheng zhang State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 China

Plant mature cells have the capability to reverse their state of differentiation and produce new organs under cultured conditions. Two phases, dedifferenUation and redifferentiation, are commonly characterized during in vitro organogenesis. In these processes, cells undergo fate switch several times regulated by both extrinsic and intrinsic factors, which are associated with reentry to the cell cycle, the balance between euchromatin and heterochromatin, reprogramming of gene expression, and so forth. This short article reviews the advances in the mechanism of organ regeneration from plant somatic cells in molecular, genomic and epigenetic aspects, aiming to provide important information on the mechanism underlying cell fate switch during in vitro plant organogenesis.

关键词： cell fate dedifferentiation plant organogenesis redifferentiation regeneration.

Plant cell totipotency: Insights into cellular reprogramming

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2021年第1期63卷 228-240页

作者： Ying Hua Su Li Ping Tang xiang Yu Zhao xian sheng zhang State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an 271018China

Plant cells have a powerful capacity in their propagation to adapt to environmental change, given that a single plant cell can give rise to a whole plant via somatic embryogenesis without the need for fertilization. The reprogramming of somatic cells into totipotent cells is a critical step in somatic embryogenesis. This process can be induced by stimuli such as plant hormones, transcriptional regulators and stress. Here, we review current knowledge on how the identity of totipotent cells is determined and the stimuli required for reprogramming of somatic cells into totipotent cells. We highlight key molecular regulators and associated networks that control cell fate transition from somatic to totipotent cells. Finally,we pose several outstanding questions that should be addressed to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant cell totipotency.

关键词： cell reprogramming plant cell totipotency somatic embryogenesis totipotent cell

Meristem Biology Flourishes Under Mt. Tai

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Molecular Plant 2016年第8期9卷 1224-1227页

作者： Yuling Jiao Olivier Hamant Zhaojun Ding xian sheng zhang State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Research Beijing 100101 China Laboratoire Reproduction et D6veloppement des Plantes Univ Lyon ENS de Lyon UCB Lyon 1 CNRS INRA 69342 Lyon France Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation College of Life Sciences Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250100 China State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an Shandong 271018 China These authors contributed equally to this article.

The green and lush Mt. Tai provided an appropriate backdrop for the First International Conference on Plant Meristem Biology held on June 9 and 10, 2016. Proposed and organized by xian sheng zhang （Shandong Agricultural University, China）, Jiayang Li （Insti- tute of Genetics ＆ Developmental Biology, China）, Elliot Meyero- witz （California Institute of Technology, USA）, and Yuling Jiao （Institute of Genetics ＆ Developmental Biology, China）, the con- ference was hosted by Shandong Agricultural University and sponsored by the Department of Education, Shandong Province, China. The first meeting of its kind, it brought about 300 attendees from nine countries together for discussions on molecular mechanisms underlying shoot, root, cambium,

关键词： International Proposed Developmental

The flame retardancy of alginate/flame retardant viscose fibers investigated by vertical burning test and cone calorimeter

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2018年第3期29卷 489-492页

作者： xian-sheng zhang Yan-Zhi Xia Mei-Wu Shi Xiong Yan Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology Ministry of Education College of Textiles Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile The Growing Base for State Key Laboratory Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China The Quartermaster Equipment Research Institute of Logistical Support Department Beijing 100082 China

In this research, the flame retardancy of neat alginate fiber, flame retardant viscose fiber （FRV） and alginate/FRV （50/50） blending fibers were investigated by vertical burning and cone calorimeter tests. The vertical burning test showed that the afterflame time of alginate fiber was 0 s, but alginate presented serious smoldering behavior with the afterglow time of 605 s and damaged length of 85 mm, while the afterglow time of FRV was 0 s. When the FRV was incorporated into alginate with the weight ratio of 50/ 50, the afterglow time and damaged length were significantly reduced to 85 s and 35 mm, indicating the smoldering of alginate can be effectively decreased. The morphology and chemical structure of the alginate residual demonstrated that it was seriously destroyed during smoldering process, which was ascribed to its relative low initial thermal degradation temperature. Based on the thermal properties analysis, alginate and FRV fibers shared the concurrence of rapid degradation in the same temperature region of 250-300 ℃, through which, the compact and stable char formed by FRV can prevent the heat transmission and suppress the smoldering of alginate. Further, the cone calorimeter results demonstrated that the time to ignition （TTI） significantly increased and peak heat release rate （PHRR） decreased for alginate/FRV （50/50） compared with FRV. With this research, a new method to overcome the smoldering of alginate was proposed by blending with FRV

关键词： Alginate fibers Flame retardant viscose fibers Blending Flame retardancy Vertical burning test Cone calorimeter