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Analysis on characteristics of extreme precipitation indices and atmospheric circulation in Northern Shanxi

Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2024年第2期16卷 84-97页

作者： xia Cai Yan Song Lin Cai Xin Su GuiHua Liang YanMing xu Shuozhou Meteorological Bureau of Shanxi Province China Meteorological Administration Training Center Heze University of Shandong Province Huafeng Meteorological Media Group Shuocheng Meteorological Bureau

This article utilizes daily precipitation data from 28 national meteorological stations in northern Shanxi Province spanning from 1972 to 2020, and the US NCEP/NCAR monthly average reanalysis and ERA5 monthly average reanalysis data. The study employs techniques such as empirical orthogonal function(EOF) decomposition, MannKendall mutation and other methods to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of extreme precipitation index in northern Shanxi and their correlation with atmospheric circulation. The research results show that: the absolute index, relative index, intensity index and sustained dry period index(CDD) in the continuous index appear from southwest to northeast. The spatial distribution characteristics of the central region decrease, while the continuous wet period(CWD) decreases from the central to the east and west. The three indices Rx1day, Rx5day, and CWD mutated in 1978, 1975, and 1983 respectively, and other extreme precipitation indices all appeared in a sudden change from a low-value period to a high-value period occurred around 2010. In the high-value years of the summer extreme precipitation index, there is a significant negative anomaly in the height field in the mid-high latitude regions of Eurasia. Northern Shanxi is controlled by a broad low-pressure trough in the Lake Baikal area.Water vapor transported via the east, west, and south routes converges in the northern Shanxi region and encounters cold air from the north. There is a strong upward motion anomaly at 500 hPa in the troposphere, and the dynamic conditions of upper-level divergence and lower-level convergence lead to more summer extreme precipitation in the northern Shanxi region. Conversely, in the low-value years of the summer extreme precipitation index, northern Shanxi is affected by a strong high-pressure ridge north of Lake Baikal. There is a downward motion anomaly at 500 hPa, and the northern Shanxi region lacks water vapor. The cold and warm air cannot converge, and both the water vapor conditions and dynamic cond

关键词： Northern Shanxi Extreme precipitation indices Spatio-temporal distribution and evolution Mutations Atmospheric circulation anomaly

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The influence of Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation in selenium-enriched Brassica napus L.:changes in the nutritional constituents,bioactivities and bioaccessibility

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第2期9卷 81-90页

作者： Wen Wang Zhixiong He Ruiying Zhang Min Li Zhenxia xu xia xiang Oil Crops Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesOil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National&Local Joint Engineering LaboratoryKey Laboratory of Oilseeds ProcessingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and NutritionWuhan 430062China

Selenium(Se)-enriched Brassica napus L.is a valuable organic Se supplement.In this study,the fermentation broth enriched with organic Se(FFS)was prepared using Lactobacillus plantarum to ferment the substrate of Se-enriched Brassica napus L.Significant increases were observed after fermentation in total sugars,reducing sugars,soluble proteins,total phenolic content(TPC),and total flavonoid content(TFC).The organic Se was retained at a concentration of 54.75 mg/g in the freeze-dried sample.Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed good separation between the FFS and unfermented(FS)groups.Fragrant 2-ethyloxetane had the highest content among all volatiles,while sinapine had the highest content among all phenolic compounds.The fermentation process showed remarkable improvement in the abundance and concentration of volatile compounds and phenolic contents,making FFS exhibit strong antioxidant activity and inhibitory capacity againstα-glucosidase activity.The bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds was significantly greater in FFS compared to FS.ADMET analysis revealed that the majority of phenolic compounds contained in FFS did not exhibit mutagenicity toxicity,hepatotoxicity,skin sensitization,or blood-brain barrier penetration,indicating a favorable level of biosafety.Overall,our study provides a new insight into the further utilization of Se-enriched Brassica napus L.in foods.

关键词： Se-enriched Brassica napus L. Fermentation Antioxidant activity Inhibitory activity Bioaccessibility

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Progress,challenges,and prospects of spent lithium-ion batteries recycling:A review

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 144-171,I0005页

作者： Pengwei Li Shaohua Luo Lin Zhang Qiuyue Liu Yikai Wang Yicheng Lin Can xu Jia Guo Peam Cheali xiaoning xia School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina School of Resources and Materials Northeastern University at QinhuangdaoQinhuangdao 066004HebeiChina Department of Chemistry and Bioscience Aalborg UniversityAalborg 9220Denmark Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province Qinhuangdao 066004HebeiChina Department of Materials and Production Aalborg UniversityAalborg 9220Denmark School of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina

The recycling and reutilization of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have become an important measure to alleviate problems like resource scarcity and environmental pollution.Although some progress has been made,battery recycling technology still faces challenges in terms of efficiency,effectiveness and environmental sustainability.This review aims to systematically review and analyze the current status of spent LIB recycling,and conduct a detailed comparison and evaluation of different recycling processes.In addition,this review introduces emerging recycling techniques,including deep eutectic solvents,molten salt roasting,and direct regeneration,with the intent of enhancing recycling efficiency and diminishing environmental repercussions.Furthermore,to increase the added value of recycled materials,this review proposes the concept of upgrading recycled materials into high value-added functional materials,such as catalysts,adsorbents,and graphene.Through life cycle assessment,the paper also explores the economic and environmental impacts of current battery recycling and highlights the importance that future recycling technologies should achieve a balance between recycling efficiency,economics and environmental benefits.Finally,this review outlines the opportunities and challenges of recycling key materials for next-generation batteries,and proposes relevant policy recommendations to promote the green and sustainable development of batteries,circular economy,and ecological civilization.

关键词： Spent li-ion batteries Recycle Direct regeneration High-value conversion Functional materials

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Modulation of starch synthesis in Arabidopsis via phytochrome B-mediated light signal

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第5期66卷 973-985页

作者： Qingbiao Shi Ying xia Na xue Qibin Wang Qing Tao Mingjing Li Di xu xiaofei Wang Fanying Kong Haisen Zhang Gang Li National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an 271018China National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement College of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an 271018China

Starch is a major storage carbohydrate in plants and is critical in crop yield and quality.Starch synthesis is intricately regulated by internal metabolic processes and external environmental cues;however,the precise molecular mechanisms governing this process remain largely unknown.In this study,we revealed that high red to far-red(high R:FR)light significantly induces the synthesis of leaf starch and the expression of synthesis-related genes,whereas low R:FR light suppress these processes.Arabidopsis phytochrome B(phyB),the primary R and FR photoreceptor,was identified as a critical positive regulator in this process.Downstream of phyB,basic leucine zipper transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5(HY5)was found to enhance starch synthesis,whereas the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs(PIF3,PIF4,and PIF5)inhibit starch synthesis in Arabidopsis leaves.Notably,HY5 and PIFs directly compete for binding to a shared G-box cis-element in the promoter region of genes encoding starch synthases GBSS,SS3,and SS4,which leads to antagonistic regulation of their expression and,consequently,starch synthesis.Our findings highlight the vital role of phyB in enhancing starch synthesis by stabilizing HY5 and facilitating PIFs degradation under high R:FR light conditions.Conversely,under low R:FR light,PIFs predominantly inhibit starch synthesis.This study provides insight into the physiological and molecular functions of phyB and its downstream transcription factors HY5 and PIFs in starch synthesis regulation,shedding light on the regulatory mechanism by which plants synchronize dynamic light signals with metabolic cues to module starch synthesis.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana HY5 light signal phyB PIFs starch synthesis

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GM-CSF Promotes the Development of Dysfunctional Vascular Networks in Moyamoya Disease

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第4期40卷 451-465页

作者： Huiqin Li xiang Cao Xinya Gu Mengqi Dong Lili Huang Chenglu Mao Shengnan xia Haiyan Yang Xinyu Bao Yongbo Yang Yun xu Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjing210008China Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjing210008China Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical UniversityNanjing210008China Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210008China Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing210008China Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology Nanjing210008China Nanjing Neurology Medical Center Nanjing210008China

Moyamoya disease(MMD)is a chronic occlusive cerebrovascular disease with the development of a network of abnormal vessels.Immune inflammation is associated with the occurrence and development of MMD.However,the mechanisms underlying the formation of the abnormal vascular network remain unclear.Twenty-eight patients with MMD,26 ischemic stroke patients,and 26 unrelated healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study The data showed that the levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF)were higher in MMD patients than in healthy controls(P<0.01),and GM-CSF was mainly from Th1 and Th17 cells in MMD.We found that increased GM-CSF drove monocytes to secrete a series of cytokines associated with angiogenesis,inflammation,and chemotaxis.In summary,our findings demonstrate for the first time the important involvement of GM-CSF in MMD and that GM-CSF is an important factor in the formation of abnormal vascular networks in MMD.

关键词： Moyamoya disease Vascular endothelial cells GM-CSF VEGF

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Survey and clinical considerations of gender identity in lower primary school children

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第1期14卷 36-43页

作者： Ya-Lin Zhang Hong-Mei Zhang Jing-xia xu Qi-Ying Zhou He Wang xiao-Cheng Pan Department of Pediatrics Hangzhou Ninth People’s HospitalHangzhou 311225Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Nursing Hangzhou Children’s HospitalHangzhou 310014Zhejiang ProvinceChina Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Hangzhou Children’s HospitalHangzhou 310014Zhejiang ProvinceChina Out-patient infection Hangzhou Children’s HospitalHangzhou 310014Zhejiang ProvinceChina Traditional Chinese Medicine Ward Hangzhou Children’s HospitalHangzhou 310014Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Gender consciousness directly affects the development of gender identity,which is a continuous and lifelong process.Meanwhile,hospitalization is a part of many children's lives and has an impact on their gender development.AIM To investigate the current situation of gender identity in lower primary school children by conducting a survey of 202 hospitalized children in the lower grades and to provide a theoretical basis and foundation for the cultivation of gender identity and medical treatment of children based on the results.This study aims to inspire clinical medical staff to scientifically and reasonably arrange hospital wards for lower primary school children and pay attention to gender protection during the medical treatment process and to help children shape a unified and clear gender identity,which will enable them to better integrate into society and promote their personality development.METHODS The gender consciousness scale for elementary and middle school students was RESULTS Gender identity was already present in lower primary school children.The children's gender roles and gender equality consciousness were strong,exceeding the critical value,but their gender characteristics,gender identity,and gender ideal consciousness were weak.Children aged 6 had the weakest gender identity,and girls had significantly stronger gender identity than boys.CONCLUSION Gender identity is already present in lower primary school children,providing a basis and inspiration for the cultivation of gender identity and medical treatment of lower primary school children.Clinical medical staff should be aware of and understand these results and should scientifically and reasonably arrange hospital wards for lower primary school children.

关键词： School-age children Gender consciousness Gender identity Hospitalization Gender weakening

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Mannanase improves the growth performance of broilers by alleviating inflammation of the intestinal epithelium and improving intestinal microbiota

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 376-394页

作者： xiaodan Zhang Huiping xu Lu Gong Jiao Wang Jianyang Fu Zengpeng Lv Liangjuan Zhou xuejun Li Qiong Liu Pingyu xia Yuming Guo State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing Strowin Biotechnology Co. Ltd.

This experiment aimed to discuss and reveal the effect and mechanism of mannanase on intestinal inflammation in broilers triggered by a soybean meal diet. In this experiment, 384 Arbor Acres broilers at1 d old were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups. The broilers were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet, a low-energy diet(metabolizable energy reduced by 50 kcal/kg), and a low-energy diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg mannanase for 42 d. The low-energy diet increased feed conversion ratio from0 to 42 d, reduced ileal villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio and upregulated the expression of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) in the ileum(P < 0.05). It also reduced cecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFA), such as acetic acid(P < 0.05). Compared with low-energy diets, the addition of mannanase increased body weight at 42 d, promoted the digestibility of nutrients, and maintained the morphology and integrity of the intestinal epithelium of broilers(P < 0.05). In addition, mannanase upregulated the expression of claudin-1(CLDN1) and zonula occludens-1(ZO-1) in the jejunum at 21 d,downregulated the expression of ileal NF-κB, and increased the content of isobutyric acid in the cecum of broilers(P < 0.05). The results for the ileal microbiota showed that a low-energy diet led to a decrease in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri in the ileum of broilers. The addition of mannanase increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus-KC45b and Lactobacillus johnsonii in broilers. Furthermore, a low-energy diet reduced the relative abundance of Butyricicoccus in the intestine of broilers and inhibited oxidative phosphorylation and phosphoinositol metabolism. Mannanase increased the relative abundance of Odoribacter, promoted energy metabolism and N-glycan biosynthesis, and increased the activities of GH3 and GH18. It is concluded that mannanase could improve the growth performance of broilers by reducing the expression of NF-κB in the ileum, increasing the production of SCFA in the cecum, suppressing intestina

关键词： Broiler Low-energy diet Mannanase Intestinal inflammatory response Intestinal microbiota Metagenome

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Recent Advances in Electrochemical-Based Silicon Production Technologies with Reduced Carbon Emission

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 209-236页

作者： Feng Tian Zhongya Pang Shen Hu xueqiang Zhang Fei Wang Wei Nie xuewen xia Guangshi Li Hsien-Yi Hsu Qian xu Xingli Zou Li Ji Xionggang Lu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel&Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy&School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University99#Shangda RoadShanghai 200444China Center for Hydrogen Metallurgy Technology Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System School of MicroelectronicsFudan University220#Handan RoadShanghai 200433China School of Energy and Environment Department of Materials Science and EngineeringCity University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong KongChina

Sustainable and low-carbon-emission silicon production is currently one of the main focuses for the metallurgical and materials science communities.Electrochemistry,considered a promising strategy,has been explored to produce silicon due to prominent advantages:(a)high electricity utilization efficiency;(b)low-cost silica as a raw material;and(c)tunable morphologies and structures,including films,nanowires,and nanotubes.This review begins with a summary of early research on the extraction of silicon by electrochemistry.Emphasis has been placed on the electro-deoxidation and dissolution–electrodeposition of silica in chloride molten salts since the 21st century,including the basic reaction mechanisms,the fabrication of photoactive Si films for solar cells,the design and production of nanoSi and various silicon components for energy conversion,as well as storage applications.Besides,the feasibility of silicon electrodeposition in room-temperature ionic liquids and its unique opportunities are evaluated.On this basis,the challenges and future research directions for silicon electrochemical production strategies are proposed and discussed,which are essential to achieve large-scale sustainable production of silicon by electrochemistry.

关键词： directions electrodeposition electricity

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Linking coral fluorescence phenotypes to thermal bleaching in the reef-building Galaxea fascicularis from the northern South China Sea

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第1期6卷 155-167页

作者： Sanqiang Gong Jiayuan Liang Gang Li Lijia xu Yehui Tan Xinqing Zheng xuejie Jin Kefu Yu xiaomin xia Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology&Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 510301China Coral Reef Research Center of China Guangxi UniversityNanning 53004China South China Institute of Environmental Sciences The Ministry of Ecology and Environment of PRCGuangzhou 510530China Third Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesXiamen 361005China

Coral fluorescence phenotypes have been suggested as an adaptation to a broad range of environmental conditions,yet the mechanisms linking thermal bleaching tolerance in reef-building coral populations,associated with fluorescence phenotypes due to GFP-like proteins,remains unclear.In this study,the relationship between the thermal sensitivity and phenotypic plasticity of corals was investigated using two phenotypes of Galaxea fascicularis,green and brown.The results reveal that brown G.fascicularis was more susceptible to bleaching than green G.fascicularis when exposed to a higher growth temperature of 32℃.Both phenotypes of G.fascicularis were associated with the thermotolerant Symbiodiniaceae symbiont,Durusdinium trenchii.However,the brown G.fascicularis showed a significant decrease in Symbiodiniaceae cell density and a significant increase in pathogenic bacteria abundance when the growth temperature was raised from 29 to 32℃.The physiological traits and transcriptomic profiles of Symbiodiniaceae were not notably affected,but there were differences in the transcriptional levels of certain genes between the two phenotype hosts of G.fascicularis.Under heat stress of 32℃,the gene encoding green fluorescent protein(GFP)-like and chromosome-associated proteins,as well as genes related to oxidative phosphorylation,cell growth and death showed lower transcriptional levels in the brown G.fascicularis compared to the green G.fascicularis.Overall,the results demonstrate that the green form of G.fascicularis is better able to tolerate ocean warming and defend against pathogenic bacteria,likely due to higher gene transcription levels and defense ability.

关键词： Fluorescence phenotype Thermal bleaching Microbiome Galaxea fascicularis Ocean warming

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3D-printed Mg-1Ca/polycaprolactone composite scaffolds with promoted bone regeneration

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 966-979页

作者： xiao Zhao Siyi Wang Feilong Wang Yuan Zhu Ranli Gu Fan Yang Yongxiang xu Dandan xia Yunsong Liu Department of Prosthodontics Peking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing 100081China National Center of Stomatology National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesBeijing Key Laboratory of Digital StomatologyResearch Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of HealthNMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing 100081China Department of Dental Materials Peking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing 100081China

In bone tissue engineering,polycaprolactone(PCL)is a promising material with good biocompatibility,but its poor degradation rate,mechanical strength,and osteogenic properties limit its application.In this study,we developed an Mg-1Ca/polycaprolactone(Mg-1Ca/PCL)composite scaffolds to overcome these limitations.We used a melt blending method to prepare Mg-1Ca/PCL composites with Mg-1Ca alloy powder mass ratios of 5,10,and 20 wt%.Porous scaffolds with controlled macro-and microstructure were printed using the fused deposition modeling method.We explored the mechanical strength,biocompatibility,osteogenesis performance,and molecular mechanism of the Mg-1Ca/PCL composites.The 5 and 10 wt%Mg-1Ca/PCL composites were found to have good biocompatibility.Moreover,they promoted the mechanical strength,proliferation,adhesion,and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells(hBMSCs)of pure PCL.In vitro degradation experiments revealed that the composite material stably released Mg_(2)+ions for a long period;it formed an apatite layer on the surface of the scaffold that facilitated cell adhesion and growth.Microcomputed tomography and histological analysis showed that both 5 and 10 wt%Mg-1Ca/PCL composite scaffolds promoted bone regeneration bone defects.Our results indicated that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was involved in the osteogenic effect.Therefore,Mg-1Ca/PCL composite scaffolds are expected to be a promising bone regeneration material for clinical application.Statement of significance:Bone tissue engineering scaffolds have promising applications in the regeneration of critical-sized bone defects.However,there remain many limitations in the materials and manufacturing methods used to fabricate scaffolds.This study shows that the developed Ma-1Ca/PCL composites provides scaffolds with suitable degradation rates and enhanced boneformation capabilities.Furthermore,the fused deposition modeling method allows precise control of the macroscopic morphology and microscopic porosity of the scaffold.The obtained porou

关键词： 3D printing Bone tissue engineering Magnesium Osteogenic Polycaprolactone Scaffold.

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