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Aerodynamic optimization of an adaptive flap for next-generation green aircraft

Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第2期37卷 100-122页

作者： Tianlong LIN Rosario PECORA Danilo CILIBERTI wei xia Shuling HU State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures School of Aerospace EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Deparment of Industrial Engineering Aerospace DivisionUniversity of Naples"FEDERICO II"Napoli 80125Italy

Adaptive,morphing flaps are taking ever-increasing attention in civil aviation thanks to the expected benefits this technology can bring at the aircraft level in terms of high-lift performance improvement and related fuel burnt reduction per flight.Relying upon morphing capabilities,it is possible to fix a unique setting for the flap and adapt the flap shape to match the aerodynamic requirements for take-off or landing.The proper morphed shapes can assure better high-lift performances than those achievable by referring to a conventional flap.Moreover,standing the unique flap setting for take-off and landing,a dramatic simplification of the flap deployment systems may be achieved.As a consequence of this simplification,the deployment system can be fully hosted in the wing,thus avoiding under-wing nacelles with significantly better aerodynamics and fuel consumption.The first step for a rational design of an adaptive flap consists in defining the target morphed shapes and the unique optimal flap setting in the take-off and landing phases.In this work,aerodynamic optimization analyses are carried out to determine the best flap setting and related morphed shapes in compliance with the take-off and landing requirements of a reference civil transport aircraft.Four different initial conditions are adopted to avoid the optimization falling into local optima,thus obtaining four groups of optimal candidate configurations.After comparing each candidate’s performance through 2D and 3D simulations,the optimal configuration has been selected.2D simulations show that the optimal configuration is characterized by a maximum lift increase of 31.92%in take-off and 9.04%in landing.According to 3D simulations,the rise in maximum lift equals 22.26%in take-off and 3.50%in landing.Numerical results are finally verified through wind tunnel tests,and the aerodynamic mechanism behind the obtained improvements is explained by carefully analyzing the flow field around the flap.

关键词： Morphing wings High-lift system Adaptive flap Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) Wind tunnel tests

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An Adaptive Local Grid Nesting-based Genetic Algorithm for Multi-earth Observation Satellites' Area Target Observation

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2024年第2期33卷 232-258页

作者： Ligang Xing wei xia xiaoxuan Hu Waiming Zhu Yi Wu School of Management Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China Key Laboratory of Process Optimization and Inteligent Decision-making Ministry of EducationHefei 230009China Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui Province Hefei 230009China

The Scheduling of the Multi-EOSs Area Target Observation(SMEATO)is an EOS resource schedul-ing problem highly coupled with computational geometry.The advances in EOS technology and the ex-pansion of wide-area remote sensing applications have increased the practical significance of SMEATO.In this paper,an adaptive local grid nesting-based genetic algorithm(ALGN-GA)is proposed for developing SMEATO solutions.First,a local grid nesting(LGN)strategy is designed to discretize the target area into parts,so as to avoid the explosive growth of calculations.A genetic algorithm(GA)framework is then used to share reserve information for the population during iterative evolution,which can generate high-quality solutions with low computational costs.On this basis,an adaptive technique is introduced to determine whether a local region requires nesting and whether the grid scale is sufficient.The effectiveness of the proposed model is assessed experimentally with nine randomly generated tests at different scales.The results show that the ALGN-GA offers advantages over several conventional algorithms in 88.9%of instances,especially in large-scale instances.These fully demonstrate the high efficiency and stability of the ALGN-GA.

关键词： Multi-EOSs scheduling area target observation adaptive genetic algorithm local grid nesting

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Shuxuening Injection Inhibits Apoptosis and Reduces Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats through PI3K/AKT Pathway

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第5期30卷 421-432页

作者： YUE Tong-tong CAO Ying-jie CAO Ya-xuan LI wei-xia WANG xiao-yan SI Chun-ying xia Han ZHU Ming-jun TANG Jin-fa WANG He The First Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450046China Department of Pharmacy the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhou 451200China Department of Cardiovascular Diseases the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhou 451200China

Objective: To investigate the main components and potential mechanism of Shuxuening Injection(SXNI) in the treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI) through network pharmacology and in vivo research. Methods: The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology(TCMSP) and Pharm Mapper databases were used to extract and evaluate the effective components of Ginkgo biloba leaves, the main component of SXNI. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM) and Gene Cards databases were searched for disease targets and obtain the drug target and disease target intersections. The active ingredient-target network was built using Cytoscape 3.9.1 software. The STRING database, Metascape online platform, and R language were used to obtain the key targets and signaling pathways of the anti-MIRI effects of SXNI. In order to verify the therapeutic effect of different concentrations of SXNI on MIRI in rats, 60 rats were first divided into 5 groups according to random number table method: the sham operation group, the model group, SXNI low-dose(3.68 mg/kg), medium-dose(7.35 mg/kg), and high-dose(14.7 mg/kg) groups, with 12 rats in each group. Then, another 60 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: the sham operation group, the model group, SXNI group(14.7 mg/kg), SXNI+LY294002 group,and LY294002 group, with 12 rats in each group. The drug was then administered intraperitoneally at body weight for 14 days. The main biological processes were validated using in vivo testing. Evans blue/triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC) double staining, hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d UTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and Western blot analysis were used to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of SXNI in MIRI rats. Results: Eleven core targets and 30 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathways were selected. Among these, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT) pathway was closely related to SXNI treatment of MIRI. In v

关键词： myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury PI3K/AKT signaling pathway Shuxuening Injection apoptosis Ginkgo biloba leaves

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Boosting electrocatalytic hydrazine oxidation at single-crystalline Ni nanosheets with embedded NiZn

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2023年第5期33卷 710-717页

作者： xia wei Hongbin Dai Chuangwei Liu Song Li School of Material Science and Engineering Northeastern University

Hydrazine oxidation reaction(Hz OR) plays a crucial role in direct hydrazine fuel cells and holds promise for replacing the kinetics-sluggish oxygen evolution reaction in splitting water. While Ni–Zn alloys exhibit exceptional activity for Hz OR, their synthesis under mild conditions remains a challenge. Herein, a Ni–Zn nanosheet catalyst with Ni Zn inclusion was prepared on Ni foam by controllable chemical etching together with ethylene glycol reduction. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the single-crystalline nature and the presence of intermetallic Ni Zn. The strong interaction between Ni and Zn O, along with defects, facilitated the formation of this intermetallic compound. The Ni–Zn/Ni foam exhibits remarkable catalytic activity(214.3m A cm-2at 0.1 V) and durability(87.8 % retention after 24 h) towards hydrazine electrooxidation, thanks to the combined benefits of intermetallic Ni Zn, mesoporous nanosheets, microscopic defects, single-crystalline characteristics, and a coherent Ni–Ni Zn interface. This study provides a new method for designing highly active Ni–Zn electrocatalysts for Hz OR.

关键词： Coherent interface Hydrazine electrooxidation Intermetallic NiZn Microscopic defects Single-crystalline

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Development of a droplet digital polymerase chain reaction assay for the sensitive detection of total and integrated HIV-1 DNA

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第6期137卷 729-736页

作者： Lin Yuan Zhiying Liu Xin Zhang Feili wei Shan Guo Na Guo Lifeng Liu Zhenglai Ma Yunxia Ji Rui Wang xiaofan Lu Zhen Li wei xia Hao Wu Tong Zhang Bin Su Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research Clinical and Research Center for Infectious DiseasesBeijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Beijing Institute of Hepatology Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China

Background:Total human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)DNA and integrated HIV DNA are widely used markers of HIV persistence.Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction(ddPCR)can be used for absolute quantification without needing a standard curve.Here,we developed duplex ddPCR assays to detect and quantify total HIV DNA and integrated HIV DNA.Methods:The limit of detection,dynamic ranges,sensitivity,and reproducibility were evaluated by plasmid constructs containing both the HIV long terminal repeat(LTR)and human CD3 gene(for total HIV DNA)and ACH-2 cells(for integrated HIV DNA).Forty-two cases on stable suppressive antiretroviral therapy(ART)were assayed in total HIV DNA and integrated HIV DNA.Correlation coefficient analysis was performed on the data related to DNA copies and cluster of differentiation 4 positive(CD4^(+))T-cell counts,CD8^(+)T-cell counts and CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio,respectively.The assay linear dynamic range and lower limit of detection(LLOD)were also assessed.Results:The assay could detect the presence of HIV-1 copies 100%at concentrations of 6.3 copies/reaction,and the estimated LLOD of the ddPCR assay was 4.4 HIV DNA copies/reaction(95%confidence intervals[CI]:3.6-6.5 copies/reaction)with linearity over a 5-log_(10)-unit range in total HIV DNA assay.For the integrated HIV DNA assay,the LLOD was 8.0 copies/reaction(95%CI:5.8-16.6 copies/reaction)with linearity over a 3-log 10-unit range.Total HIV DNA in CD4^(+)T cells was positively associated with integrated HIV DNA(r=0.76,P<0.0001).Meanwhile,both total HIV DNA and integrated HIV DNA in CD4^(+)T cells were inversely correlated with the ratio of CD4/CD8 but positively correlated with the CD8^(+)T-cell counts.Conclusions:This ddPCR assay can quantify total HIV DNA and integrated HIV DNA efficiently with robustness and sensitivity.It can be readily adapted for measuring HIV DNA with non-B clades,and it could be beneficial for testing in clinical trials.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus HIV Integrated HIV-1 DNA Total HIV DNA Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction HIV reservoir Antiretroviral therapy

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Efficient removal of algae and turbidity from water by a composite coagulant composed of a cationic starch and attapulgite

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第12期65卷 2979-2989页

作者： JIN JiaSheng xia wei HU Pan YANG Hu State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Quanzhou Institute for Environmental Protection Industry Nanjing UniversityQuanzhou 362000China

Algae and suspended colloidal particles produced high turbidity in water,weakened water purification,and threatened the safety of the water supply.In this study,a series of composite coagulants(atp-st-CTA)composed of a cationic starch(st-CTA)and attapulgite(ATP)with different fed mass ratios were fabricated by a simple method to coagulate kaolin suspension with initial turbidity of 80.0 NTU and Chlorella suspension with 0.25 mg/L of chlorophyll a(chla),respectively.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy investigated the structural characteristics of atp-st-CTA.The maximum turbidity and chla removal rates of atp-st-CTA were 92.2%and 100.0%,respectively,at natural pH conditions.The effects of the fed mass ratio of st-CTA to ATP in the composites,dose,pH,and coexisting humic acid on the coagulation performance of atp-st-CTA were comprehensively investigated.Based on the apparent coagulation behaviors,the zeta potentials of the supernatants after coagulation,and the flocs properties,the coagulation mechanisms of atp-st-CTA were discussed in detail.The complete charge neutralization due to st-CTA and the enhanced sedimentation by ATP synergistically removed turbidity and algae from the water efficiently.In short,atp-st-CTA as a talented material has a notable prospect in applications of water treatment owing to its advantages of environmental friendliness,low cost,and high efficiency.

关键词： composite coagulant cationic starch attapulgite turbidity removal algae removal coagulation mechanism

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Using Genetic Testing at Cancer Diagnosis for Breast Cancer Control

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China CDC weekly 2022年第32期4卷 711-714页

作者： Li Sun xia wei Ranjit Manchanda Rosa Legood Li Yang Department of Health Services Research and Policy Faculty of Public Health and PolicyLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK Wolfson Institute of Population Health Barts CRUK Cancer CentreQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK Department of Gynaecological Oncology Barts Health NHS TrustLondonUK School of Public Health Peking UniversityBeijingChina

BACKGROUND Breast cancer(BC)is the most common cancer among women globally.The WHO estimates 416,000 women are diagnosed to have BC annually in China,and the numbers of BC cases and deaths in China are predicted to rise by 16%and 48%,respectively,over the next 20 years(1).BC can be hereditary,and the most common cause of hereditary BC is an inherited pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant(henceforth called‘pathogenic variant’or‘PV’)in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes.BRCA1/BRCA2 PV carriers have a 17%–44%risk of developing ovarian cancer(OC)and a 69%–72%risk of developing BC up to the age of 80(2).PALB2 is a more recently established,highpenetrance BC gene:testing for which is now more widely advocated.PALB2 carriers have a 53%risk of BC up to the age of 80(3).In addition,PALB2 has recently been shown to be a moderate-risk OC gene with a 5%lifetime risk of OC(3).PV in these three genes accounts for around 4%of BC.Most of these cancers are preventable or can be better mitigated if they are detected earlier.

关键词： Breast annually hereditary

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Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction to C_(2+)products over Cu/Zn intermetallic catalysts synthesized by electrodeposition

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第1期18卷 80-88页

作者： Ting DENG Shuaiqiang JIA Shitao HAN Jianxin ZHAI Jiapeng JIAO xiao CHEN Cheng XUE Xueqing XING wei xia Haihong WU Mingyuan HE Buxing HAN School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China Institute of Eco-Chongming Shanghai 202162China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction(ECR)offers an attractive approach to realizing carbon neutrality and producing valuable chemicals and fuels using CO_(2)as the feedstock.However,the lack of cost-effective electrocatalysts with better performances has seriously hindered its application.Herein,a one-step co-electrodeposition method was used to introduce Zn,a metal with weak^(*)CO binding energy,into Cu to form Cu/Zn intermetallic catalysts(Cu/Zn IMCs).It was shown that,using an H-cell,the high Faradaic efficiency of C_(2+)hydrocarbons/alcohols()could be achieved in ECR by adjusting the surface metal components and the applied potential.In suitable conditions,FEC_(2+)and current density could be as high as 75%and 40 mA/cm^(2),respectively.Compared with the Cu catalyst,the Cu/Zn IMCs have a lower interfacial charge transfer resistance and a larger electrochemically active surface area(ECSA),which accelerate the reaction.Moreover,the^(*)CO formed on Zn sites can move to Cu sites due to its weak binding with*CO,and thus enhance the C–C coupling on the Cu surface to form C_(2+)products.

关键词： carbon dioxide electroreduction electrochemistry co-electrodeposition intermetallic catalysts value-added chemicals

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Using machine learning to improve the accuracy of genomic prediction of reproduction traits in pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第5期13卷 1293-1304页

作者： Xue Wang Shaolei Shi Guijiang Wang Wenxue Luo xia wei Ao Qiu Fei Luo xiangdong Ding Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs National Engineering Laboratory of Animal BreedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina Hebei Province Animal Husbandry and Improved Breeds Work Station ShijiazhuangHebeiChina Zhangjiakou Dahao Heshan New Agricultural Development Co. LtdZhangjiakouHebeiChina

Background:Recently,machine learning(ML)has become attractive in genomic prediction,but its superiority in genomic prediction over conventional(ss)GBLUP methods and the choice of optimal ML methods need to be investigated.Results:In this study,2566 Chinese Yorkshire pigs with reproduction trait records were genotyped with the GenoBaits Porcine SNP 50 K and PorcineSNP50 panels.Four ML methods,including support vector regression(SVR),kernel ridge regression(KRR),random forest(RF)and Adaboost.R2 were implemented.Through 20 replicates of fivefold cross-validation(CV)and one prediction for younger individuals,the utility of ML methods in genomic prediction was explored.In CV,compared with genomic BLUP(GBLUP),single-step GBLUP(ssGBLUP)and the Bayesian method BayesHE,ML methods significantly outperformed these conventional methods.ML methods improved the genomic prediction accuracy of GBLUP,ssGBLUP,and BayesHE by 19.3%,15.0% and 20.8%,respectively.In addition,ML methods yielded smaller mean squared error(MSE)and mean absolute error(MAE)in all scenarios.ssGBLUP yielded an improvement of 3.8% on average in accuracy compared to that of GBLUP,and the accuracy of BayesHE was close to that of GBLUP.In genomic prediction of younger individuals,RF and Adaboost.R2_KRR performed better than GBLUP and BayesHE,while ssGBLUP performed comparably with RF,and ssGBLUP yielded slightly higher accuracy and lower MSE than Adaboost.R2_KRR in the prediction of total number of piglets born,while for number of piglets born alive,Adaboost.R2_KRR performed significantly better than ssGBLUP.Among ML methods,Adaboost.R2_KRR consistently performed well in our study.Our findings also demonstrated that optimal hyperparameters are useful for ML methods.After tuning hyperparameters in CV and in predicting genomic outcomes of younger individuals,the average improvement was 14.3% and 21.8% over those using default hyperparameters,respectively.Conclusion:Our findings demonstrated that ML methods had better overall prediction performance than conventional

关键词： Genomic prediction Machine learning Pig Prediction accuracy

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《红楼梦》和明清小说、笔记中的张家湾

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红楼梦学刊 2024年第3期 166-180页

作者：夏薇中国社会科学院文学研究所 100732

《红楼梦》与张家湾的关系一直是红学研究中的重要话题之一。借助笔记、小说等材料,可进一步考证并论述张家湾作为明清税收重镇、军事要冲和政治副中心的重要地位,明晰《红楼梦》中人多选择水路出行的原因以及明清时期船运交通的利弊。... 详细信息

《红楼梦》与张家湾的关系一直是红学研究中的重要话题之一。借助笔记、小说等材料,可进一步考证并论述张家湾作为明清税收重镇、军事要冲和政治副中心的重要地位,明晰《红楼梦》中人多选择水路出行的原因以及明清时期船运交通的利弊。在以往关于《红楼梦》中人南北往来登陆或离岸地点的研究的基础上,可以判别《红楼梦》作者模糊处理的不仅是张家湾这个水运码头,还有黛玉的行程和时间,这与他一贯的对人物年龄和叙事时间的处理方式保持了一致。

关键词：红楼梦张家湾小说笔记黛玉行程

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