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Evolutionary genomics of climatic adaptation and resilience to climate change in alfalfa

Molecular Plant 2024年第6期17卷 867-883页

作者： Fan Zhang Ruicai long Zhiyao Ma Hua xiao xiaodong Xu Zhongjie Liu Chunxue Wei Yiwen Wang Yanling Peng Xuanwen Yang xiaoya Shi Shuo Cao Mingna Li Ming Xu Fei He Xueqian Jiang Tiejun Zhang Zhen Wang xianran Li long-xi yu Junmei Kang Zhiwu Zhang Yongfeng Zhou Qingchuan Yang Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding Shenzhen BranchGuangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureKey Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518000China School of Grassland Science Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68583USA Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99163USA U.S.Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing ResearchProsserWA 99350USA National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding Tropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou 571101China

Given the escalating impact of climate change on agriculture and food security,gaining insights into the evolutionary dynamics of climatic adaptation and uncovering climate-adapted variation can empower the breeding of climate-resilient crops to face future climate ***(Medicago sativa ***),the queen of forages,shows remarkable adaptability across diverse global environments,making it an excellent model for investigating species responses to climate *** this study,we performed population genomic analyses using genome resequencing data from 702 accessions of 24 Medicago species to unravel alfalfa’s climatic adaptation and genetic susceptibility to future climate *** found that interspecific genetic exchange has contributed to the gene pool of alfalfa,particularly enriching defense and stress-response *** introgression between *** ***(***)and alfalfa not only aids alfalfa’s climatic adaptation but also introduces genetic burden.A total of 1671 genes were associated with climatic adaptation,and 5.7%of them were introgressions from *** integrating climate-associated variants and climate data,we identified populations that are vulnerable to future climate change,particularly in higher latitudes of the Northern *** findings serve as a clarion call for targeted conservation initiatives and breeding *** also identified preadaptive populations that demonstrate heightened resilience to climate fluctuations,illuminating a pathway for future breeding ***,this study enhances our understanding about the local adaptation mechanisms of alfalfa and facilitates the breeding of climate-resilient alfalfa cultivars,contributing to effective agricultural strategies for facing future climate change.

关键词： Medicago local adaptation population genetics adaptive introgression genetic vulnerability alfalfa breeding

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Recent progress in alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)genomics and genomic selection

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The Crop Journal 2018年第6期6卷 565-575页

作者： Charles Hawkins long-xi yu United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing Research

Alfalfa(M. sativa L.) is a highly valuable forage crop, providing >58 Mt of hay, silage, and pasture each year in the United States. As alfalfa is an outcrossing autotetraploid crop,however, breeding for enhanced agronomic traits is challenging and progress has historically not been rapid. Methods that make use of genotypic information and statistical models to generate a genomic estimated breeding value(GEBV) for each plant at a young age hold a great deal of promise to accelerate breeding gains. An emerging genomic breeding pipeline employs SNP chips or genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS) to identify SNP markers in a training population, followed by the use of a statistical model to find associations between the discovered SNPs and traits of interest, followed by genomic selection(GS), a breeding program utilizing the trained model to predict breeding values and making selections based on the estimated breeding value(EBV). Much work has been done in recent years in all of these areas, to generate marker sets and discover SNPs associated with desirable traits, and the application of these technologies in alfalfa breeding programs is under way. However, GBS/GWAS/GS is still a new breeding paradigm,and work is ongoing to evaluate different models, software, and methods for use in such programs. In this review, we look at the progress of alfalfa genomics over the past halfdecade, and review work comparing models and methods relevant to this new type of breeding strategy.

关键词： Alfalfa Genomics GWAS GBS Breeding

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Measurements of non-equilibrium and equilibrium temperature behind a strong shock wave in simulated martian atmosphere

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2012年第5期28卷 1296-1302页

作者： xin Lin xi-long yu Fei Li Shao-Hua Zhang Jian-Guo xin xin-yu Zhang School of Optoelectronics Beijing Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of High Temperature Gas Dynamics Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of Sciences

Non-equilibrium radiation measurements behind strong shock wave for simulated Martian atmosphere are presented in this paper. The shock wave is established in a hydrogen oxygen combustion driven shock tube. Time- resolved spectra of the Av = 0 sequence of the B^2∑^＋ → X^2∑^＋ electronic transition of CN have been observed through optical emission spectroscopy （OES）. A new method, which is based on fitting high resolution spectrum for rotational and vibrational temperatures measurement, is proposed to diag- nose temperature distribution behind the shock wave. It is estimated that the current scheme has the maximum deviation less than 8% （lσ） for vibrational temperature measurement through detailed analysis of the influence of the uncertainties of spectroscopic constants and spectral resolution. Radiation structure of the shock layer, including induction, relaxation and equilibrium process, and corresponding rotational and vibrational temperatures are obtained through time gating OES diagnostics with sub-microsecond temporal resolution. The present extensive results will strongly benefit the reaction rate estimation and computational fluid dynamics （CFD） code validation in high enthalpy Mars reentry chemistry.

关键词： Radiation measurements - Shock wave Marsre-entry Rotational temperature Vibrational temperature

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Estimating energy release performance of oxidizer-activated aluminum fuel particles under ultrafast stimulus

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第5期23卷 92-99页

作者： Ya-ru Li Hui Ren xin-zhou Wu Hui-xin Wang xi-long yu State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China State Key Laboratory of High Temperature Gas Dynamics Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China

Aluminum(Al) particles are good fuel additives to improve the energy output performances of explosives. Under detonation environment, reaction delay of Al particles plays a key role in the energy release efficiency. Up to date, reaction delay of Al particles is still limited by the efficiency of mass and heat transfer from oxidizers to Al particles. To address this issue, a homogeneous fuel-oxidizer assembly has recently become a promising strategy. In this work, oxidizer-activated Al fuel particles(ALG) were prepared with glycidyl azide polymer(GAP) as the oxidizer. The ALG was in uniform spherical shape and core-shell structure with shell layer of around 5 nm which was observed by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The localized nanoscale mid-IR measurement detected the uniform distribution of characteristic absorption bond of GAP in the shell layer which confirmed the homogenous fuel-oxidizer structure of ALG. A thermal gravimetric analysis of ALG at ultrafast heating rate of 1000℃/min under argon atmosphere was conducted. The decomposition of GAP finished much earlier than that of GAP at heating rate of 10℃/min. Under ultrafast high laser fluence, the reaction response of ALG was characterized and compared with that of micro-sized Al(μAl). With the increase of laser energy, the propagation distance of the shock wave increased. However, the velocity histories were nearly the same when energies were lower than 299 mJ or higher than 706 mJ. The propagation distance of the shock wave for ALG was 0.5 mm larger than that for μAl at 2.1 μs. The underwater explosion showed the peak pressure and the shock wave energy of the ALG-based explosive were both higher than those of the μAl-based explosive at 2.5 m. This study shows the feasibility to improve the energy release of Al-based explosives via using the oxidizer-activated Al fuel particles with energetic polymer as the oxidizer.

关键词： Aluminum Glycidyl azide polymer Laser Detonation Explosive Ultrafast stimulus

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Microstructure,wear and friction behavior of CoCrAITaY-xCNTs composite coatings deposited by laser-induction hybrid cladding

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Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1815-1827页

作者： Sheng-Feng Zhou yu long Yan-Liang Yi Cheng Deng Lian-xi Hu Institute of Advanced Wear&Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials Jinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(WNLO) Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-Ferrous Metals and Featured MaterialsGuangxi UniversityNanning530004China School of Mechatronics Engineering Guangdong Polytechnic Normal UniversityGuangzhou510635China School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China

To improve the wear performance of CoCrAlYTa coating,part of the carbon nanotubes(CNTs)chemically reacted with Ta to form reinforcement phase(TaC),while the other CNTs were retained as lubrication ***,the CoCrAlYTa-xCNTs(x=0,1,2,and 4;wt%)composite coatings were prepared by laserinduction hybrid cladding(LIHC),and the microstructure and wear resistance of coatings were systematically *** show that the coatings are mainly composed of TaC,y-(Co,Cr)andβ-(Co,Cr)*** the CNTs content increases from 0 wt%to 4 wt%,the volume fraction of TaC increases from 13.11 vol%to 16.12 vol%.Meanwhile,the nano-hardness ofγ-(Co,Cr)andβ-(Co,Cr)Al are improved from 7.49 and 9.72 to 9.36 and 11.19 GPa,*** a result,the microhardness of coating increases from HV536.25 to HV 738.16,the wear rate decreases from32.4×10^(-3)to 6.1×10^(-3)mg·m^(-1),and the average friction coefficient decreases from 0.55 to *** good wear performance of the coating is attributed to the formation of TaC and the existence of remained CNTs lubricant film.

关键词： Carbon nanotube MCrAlY coating Friction and wear performance Laser-induction hybrid cladding

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Transmission characteristics of EM wave in a finite thickness plasma

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2013年第2期29卷 189-195页

作者： Nai-Yi Zhu Li-Shun Huang Bin Wu xi-long yu Run-Hui Wu Gang Meng Ai-Min Ren xin-Tian Hu State Key Lab of High Temperature Gas Dynamics(LHD) Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Lab of Experimental Physics and Computational Mathematics China Aerospace Technology Corporation

One of the key factors for solving the problems of re-entry communication interruption is electromagnetic（EM） wave transmission characteristics in a *** and experimental studies were carried out on specific transmission characteristics for different plasma sheath characteristic under thin sheath condition in re-entry *** paper presents systematic studies on the variations of wave attenuation characteristics versus plasma sheath thickness L,collision frequency ν,electron density n e and wave working frequency f in a φ 800 mm high temperature shock *** experiments,L is set to 4 cm and 38 cm.ν is 2 GHz and 15 GHz.n e is from 1×10 10 cm（-3） to 1×10 13 cm（-3）,and f is set to 2,5,10,14.6 GHz,***,Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin（WKB） and finite-difference time-domain（FDTD） methods are adopted to carry out theoretical simulation for comparison with experimental *** is found that when L is much larger than EM wavelength λ（thick sheath） and ν is large,the theoretical result is in good agreement with experimental one,when sheath thickness L is much larger than λ,while ν is relatively small,two theoretical results are obviously different from the experimental *** means that the existing theoretical model can not fully describe the contribution of ν.Furthermore,when L and λ are of the same order of magnitude（thin sheath）,the experimental result is much smaller than the theoretical values,which indicates that the current model can not properly describe the thin sheath effect on EM attenuation characteristics.

关键词： Plasma·Electromagnetic wave·Shock tube·Numerical simulation

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Application of GNSS-PPP on Dynamic Deformation Monitoring of Offshore Platforms

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第2期38卷 352-361页

作者： yu Li-na xiONG Kuan GAO xi-feng LI Zhi FAN Li-long ZHANG Kai Institute of Ocean Energy and Intelligent Construction Tianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384China China Railway Construction Bridge Engineering Bureau Group Co.LTD Tianjin 300300China School of Civil Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting Jianghan UniversityWuhan 430056China

The real-time dynamic deformation monitoring of offshore platforms under environmental excitation is crucial to their safe *** Global Navigation Satellite System-Precise Point Positioning(GNSS-PPP)has been considered for this purpose,its monitoring accuracy is relatively ***,the influence of background noise on the dynamic monitoring accuracy of GNSS-PPP remains ***,it is imperative to further validate the feasibility of GNSS-PPP for deformation monitoring of offshore *** address these concerns,vibration table tests with different amplitudes and frequencies are *** results demonstrate that GNSS-PPP can effectively monitor horizontal vibration displacement as low as±30 mm,which is consistent with ***,the spectral characteristic of background noise in GNSS-PPP is similar to that of GNSS-RTK(Real Time Kinematic).Building on this observation,an improved Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise(CEEMDAN)has been proposed to de-noise the data and enhance the dynamic monitoring accuracy of *** monitoring application research is also undertaken,successfully extracting and analyzing the dynamic deformation of an offshore platform structure under environmental excitation using GNSS-PPP monitoring in conjunction with improved CEEMDAN *** comparing the de-noised dynamic deformation trajectories of the offshore platform during different periods,it is observed that the platform exhibits reversible alternating vibration responses under environmental excitation,with more pronounced displacement deformation in the direction of load *** research results confirm the feasibility and potential of GNSS-PPP for dynamic deformation monitoring of offshore platforms.

关键词： GNSS-PPP offshore platform dynamic deformation monitoring improved CEEMDAN de-noising

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Al-modified yolk-shell silica particle-supported NiMo catalysts for ultradeep hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene:Efficient accessibility of active sites and suitable acidity

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 654-666页

作者： Ke yu Wei-Min Kong Zhen Zhao Ai-Jun Duan Lian Kong xi-long Wang State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShenyang Normal UniversityShenyang 110034LiaoningChina

Yolk-shell SiO2 particles(YP)with center-radial meso-channels were fabricated through a simple and effective ***-containing YP-supported NiMo catalysts with different Al amounts(NiMo/AYP-x,x=Si/Al molar proportion)were prepared and dibenzothiophene(DBT)and 4,6-dimethyl-dibenzothiophene(4,6-DMDBT)were employed as the probes to evaluate the hydrodesulfurization(HDS)catalytic *** as-prepared AYP-x carriers and corresponding catalysts were characterized by some advanced characterizations to obtain deeper correlations between physicochemical properties and the HDS *** average pore sizes of series AYP-x supports are above 6.0 nm,which favors the mass transfer of organic *** cavity between the yolk and the shell is beneficial for the enrichment of S-containing compounds and the accessibility between reactants and active *** embedded into the silica framework could facilitate the formation of Lewis(L)and Brønsted(B)acid sites and adjust the metal-support interaction(MSI).Among all the as-synthesized catalysts,NiMo/AYP-20 catalyst shows the highest HDS *** improved HDS activity of NiMo/AYP-20 catalyst is attributed to the perfect combination of excellent structural properties of the yolk-shell mesoporous silica,enhanced acidity,moderate MSI,and good accessibility/dispersion of active components.

关键词： Al-containing yolk-shell silica particles Accessibility Acidity Metal-support interaction Hydrodesulfurization

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Genome Assembly of Alfalfa Cultivar Zhongmu-4 and Identification of SNPs Associated with Agronomic Traits

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2022年第1期20卷 14-28页

作者： Ruicai long Fan Zhang Zhiwu Zhang Mingna Li Lin Chen Xue Wang Wenwen Liu Tiejun Zhang long-xi yu Fei He Xueqian Jiang xijiang Yang Changfu Yang Zhen Wang Junmei Kang Qingchuan Yang Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99163USA School of Grassland Science Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Plant and Germplasm Introduction and Testing ResearchProsserWA 99350USA

Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)is the most important legume forage crop worldwide with high nutritional value and *** a long time,the breeding of alfalfa was hampered by lacking reliable information on the autotetraploid genome and molecular markers linked to important agronomic *** herein reported the de novo assembly of the allele-aware chromosome-level genome of Zhongmu-4,a cultivar widely cultivated in China,and a comprehensive database of genomic variations based on resequencing of 220 *** 2.74 Gb contigs(N50 of 2.06 Mb),accounting for 88.39%of the estimated genome,were assembled,and 2.56 Gb contigs were anchored to 32 pseudo-chromosomes.A total of 34,922 allelic genes were identified from the allele-aware *** observed the expansion of gene families,especially those related to the nitrogen metabolism,and the increase of repetitive elements including transposable elements,which probably resulted in the increase of Zhongmu-4 genome compared with Medicago *** structure analysis revealed that the accessions from Asia and South America had relatively lower genetic diversity than those from Europe,suggesting that geography may influence alfalfa genetic divergence during local ***-wide association studies identified 101 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)associated with 27 agronomic *** candidate genes were predicted to be correlated with fall dormancy and salt *** believe that the alleleaware chromosome-level genome sequence of Zhongmu-4 combined with the resequencing data of the diverse alfalfa germplasms will facilitate genetic research and genomics-assisted breeding in variety improvement of alfalfa.

关键词： Alfalfa Autotetraploid Genome assembly Resequencing Genome-wide association study

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Feasibility study of the photonuclear reaction cross section of medical radioisotopes using a laser Compton scattering gamma source

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第9期35卷 168-177页

作者： yu-Ning Gu Wei-Juan Zhao xi-Guang Cao yu-Xuan Yang Ting-Kai Ma Zheng-Li Liao Fei-long Xu yu-Gang Ma School of Physics and Microeletronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201210China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of South ChinaHengyang 421001China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MOE) Institute of Modern PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Shanghai Research Center for Theoretical Nuclear Physics NSFC and Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

In recent years,the gap between the supply and demand of medical radioisotopes has increased,necessitating new methods for producing medical *** reactions based on gamma sources have unique advantages in terms of producing high specific activity and innovative medical ***,the lack of experimental data on reaction cross sections for photonuclear reactions of medical radioisotopes of interest has severely limited the development and production of photonuclear transmutation medical *** this study,the entire process of the generation,decay,and measurement of medical radioisotopes was simulated using online gamma activation and offline gamma measurements combined with a shielding gamma-ray *** on a quasi-monochromatic gamma beam from the Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source(SLEGS),the feasibility of this measurement of production cross section for surveyed medi-cal radioisotopes was simulated,and specific solutions for measuring medical radioisotopes with ultra-low production cross sections were *** feasibility of this method for high-precision measurements of the reaction cross section of medical radioisotopes was demonstrated.

关键词： Medical radioisotope Photonuclear reaction GEANT4 Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source(SLEGS) Low-background gamma-ray spectrometer

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