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纳米酶与生命起源

生物化学与生物物理进展 2024年第10期51卷 2274-2291页

作者：马龙梁子墨侯银银冯静范克龙阎锡蕴中国科学院生物物理研究所生物大分子重点实验室北京100101 河南医学科学院中原纳米酶实验室郑州451163

纳米酶是中国科学家发现的纳米材料的全新特性,其不仅具有类似天然酶的高催化活性,还呈现稳定性高、活性可调以及低温催化等特点。纳米酶的发现首次揭示了无机纳米材料的生物催化活性。而无机矿物也被认为是生命起源重要催化剂,参与早... 详细信息

纳米酶是中国科学家发现的纳米材料的全新特性,其不仅具有类似天然酶的高催化活性,还呈现稳定性高、活性可调以及低温催化等特点。纳米酶的发现首次揭示了无机纳米材料的生物催化活性。而无机矿物也被认为是生命起源重要催化剂,参与早期生物分子的合成。无机矿物不仅能够通过氧化还原反应促进无机小分子向有机小分子的转化,还能够利用其表面结构实现手性选择、生物大分子合成以及发挥辐射保护功能。最新研究表明,无机纳米材料不仅可以温和催化生物分子合成,也能够参与生物大分子的聚合和辐射保护。不仅如此,纳米矿物也被发现广泛存在于地球和地外空间中。因此,本文将基于无机矿物在生命起源中的不同作用,结合纳米酶的特性,探讨纳米酶作为生命起源过程催化剂的可能,为生命起源研究提供新的方向。

关键词：生命起源化学起源无机矿物纳米酶

异质结Al-PMOFs/CdZnS的制备及光催化苯甲胺氧化

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精细化工 2024年第2期41卷 409-419页

作者：席辉尹雪康燕杨静徐雪青杨志旺西北师范大学化学化工学院生态功能高分子材料教育部重点实验室甘肃省生态环境高分子材料重点实验室甘肃兰州730070 西藏藏医药大学藏药系西藏拉萨850000

以5,10,15,20-(4-羧基苯基)卟啉(TCPP)和AlCl_(3)·6H_(2)O为原料,采用水热法合成了具有立方柱状结构的卟啉基金属有机框架化合物(Al-PMOFs),然后通过共沉淀法将CdZnS纳米颗粒沉积在Al-PMOFs棱柱上,得到了界面接触良好的异质结Al-PMOFs/... 详细信息

以5,10,15,20-(4-羧基苯基)卟啉(TCPP)和AlCl_(3)·6H_(2)O为原料,采用水热法合成了具有立方柱状结构的卟啉基金属有机框架化合物(Al-PMOFs),然后通过共沉淀法将CdZnS纳米颗粒沉积在Al-PMOFs棱柱上,得到了界面接触良好的异质结Al-PMOFs/CdZnS。利用SEM、XPS、FTIR及UV-Vis对产物进行了表征。将其应用于可见光催化苯甲胺氧化偶联反应中,并探讨了光催化反应机理。结果表明,Al-PMOFs/CdZnS具有较好的光催化反应活性和稳定性。室温下,以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,经可见光照射7 h后,苯甲胺发生氧化偶联反应生成了N-苄基-1-苯基甲亚胺(BPMI),苯甲胺的转化率可达97%,BPMI的选择性达99%。Al-PMOFs/CdZnS光催化性能的提高主要归因于Al-PMOFs与CdZnS之间形成了直接Z-scheme异质结,促进了Al-PMOFs和CdZnS界面电荷的传输,抑制了Al-PMOFs/CdZnS表面光生载流子的复合。

关键词： Al-PMOFs CdZnS 可见光催化苯甲胺氧化偶联异质结催化技术

考虑夯锤姿态特性的夯沉量单目视觉测量方法研究

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岩土力学 2024年第3期45卷 927-938页

作者：高乔裕金银龙刘全张宏阳梅龙喜武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室湖北武汉430072 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司浙江杭州310010

夯沉量是反映强夯地基加固质量的关键指标,人工测量方法不仅投入高、效率低下,且施工安全无法保障。为此,基于单目摄影测量提出一种强夯夯沉量非接触测量方法,实现了强夯夯沉量的高效测算。深入分析并科学定义了适用于单目视觉监测的夯... 详细信息

夯沉量是反映强夯地基加固质量的关键指标,人工测量方法不仅投入高、效率低下,且施工安全无法保障。为此,基于单目摄影测量提出一种强夯夯沉量非接触测量方法,实现了强夯夯沉量的高效测算。深入分析并科学定义了适用于单目视觉监测的夯沉量定义;基于夯锤标识的旋转不变性,提取表征夯锤姿态的特征点几何信息,结合视觉成像基本原理,构建了测算夯锤三维姿态的数值方程,求解得到夯锤特征点的三维坐标;在施工现场对所提方法进行工程实测,并通过多余观测对解算结果进行优化尝试。试验及工程应用结果表明,本方法具有精度高、速度快、稳健性强等特点,可有效应用于强夯施工质量监测关键指标参数夯沉量的自动解算,为当前强夯夯沉量自动化监测技术的进步提供了一个新的方向和手段。

关键词：夯沉量监测单目视觉测量夯锤位姿旋转不变性

Microbial-driven ectopic uranium extraction with net electrical energy production

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 49-58页

作者： xin Tang yin Ye Chunlin Wang Bingqian Wang Zemin Qin Cui Li Yanlong Chen Yuheng Wang Zhiling Li Miao Lv Aijie Wang Fan Chen School of Ecology and Environment Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710129China School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 611756China

The extraction of uranium (U) from U-bearing wastewater is of paramount importance for mitigating negative environmental impacts and recovering U resources. Microbial reduction of soluble hexavalent uranium (U(VI)) to insoluble tetravalent uranium (U(IV)) holds immense potential for this purpose, but its practical application has been impeded by the challenges associated with managing U-bacterial mixtures and the biotoxicity of U. To address these challenges, we present a novel spontaneous microbial electrochemical (SMEC) method that spatially decoupled the microbial oxidation reaction and the U(VI) reduction reaction. Our results demonstrated stable and efficient U extraction with net electrical energy production, which was achieved with both synthetic and real wastewater. U(VI) removal occurred via diffusion-controlled U(VI)-to-U(IV) reduction-precipitation at the cathode, and the UIVO_(2) deposited on the surface of the cathode contributed to the stability and durability of the abiotic U(VI) reduction. Metagenomic sequencing revealed the formation of efficient electroactive communities on the anodic biofilm and enrichment of the key functional genes and metabolic pathways involved in electron transfer, energy metabolism, the TCA cycle, and acetate metabolism, which indicated the ectopic reduction of U(VI) at the cathode. Our study represents a significant advancement in the cost-effective recovery of U from U(VI)-bearing wastewater and may open a new avenue for sustainable uranium extraction.

关键词： U(VI)bioreduction Electricity production Reaction decoupling Uranium-bearing wastewater Biofilm microbiome

场景驱动北斗卫星导航技术产业化赋能新质生产力的逻辑与路径

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科技创新发展战略研究 2024年第3期8卷 17-28页

作者：尹西明杨茜茵北京理工大学管理学院北京100081

北斗卫星导航系统作为我国近年来的重大科技成果,是事关国计民生的大国重器。如何加快北斗导航技术产业化从而赋能千行百业新质生产力发展,成为高质量发展和实现中国式现代化的重要议题。场景驱动创新作为数字经济时代涌现的创新范式,... 详细信息

北斗卫星导航系统作为我国近年来的重大科技成果,是事关国计民生的大国重器。如何加快北斗导航技术产业化从而赋能千行百业新质生产力发展,成为高质量发展和实现中国式现代化的重要议题。场景驱动创新作为数字经济时代涌现的创新范式,是我国完善国家创新体系、加快战略性新兴产业和未来产业发展的重要思维范式。以场景驱动创新为理论基础,探讨场景驱动北斗卫星导航技术创新与产业化的理论逻辑,进一步分析北斗导航技术场景化应用赋能新质生产力的实践路径。最后,为相关领域的从业者和决策者提供加快北斗导航技术向现实生产力转化的对策建议。

关键词：北斗卫星导航技术技术产业化新质生产力科技成果转化场景驱动创新北斗卫星导航系统高质量发展

Impact of water table on hierarchically nested groundwater flow system

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 119-131页

作者： Jun Zhang Rong-zhe Hou Kun Yu Jia-qiu Dong Li-he yin Key Laboratory of Groundwater and Ecology in Arid and Semi-arid Areas Xi'an Center of Geological SurveyChina Geological SurveyXi'an 710054China

Water table configuration gives rise to hierarchically nested groundwater flow ***,there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the controlling factors of water table and its impact on flow ***,it remains challenging to identify characteristics of water table space variation through limited groundwater observations at the regional *** on two ideal two-dimensional cross-section analytical models,this study presents a simplified approach to preliminarily assess the nonlinear interactions between water table variation and three driving factors:Topography,geol-ogy and *** criteria,C1 and C2,are utilized to address issues at different scales ranging from basin to local:(i)the influence of various factors on water table configuration;and(ii)the influence of water table on groundwater flow ***,the Ordos Plateau is taken as an example to explore the role of the water table in nested groundwater systems using the provided approach and *** applica-tion of this approach in the Ordos Plateau demonstrates its appropriateness as a practical method for prelim-inarily determining the characteristics of water table configuration and its impact on flow *** study explores the mechanism influencing spatial variation in the water table and improves understanding of the interaction between topography,geology,and climate on groundwater flow patterns.

关键词： Water table configuration Groundwater flow pattern Analytical models Top boundary condi-tions Ordos Plateau

Applications of Rare Earth Promoted Transition Metal Sulfides in Electrocatalysis

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中国化学:英文版 2023年第14期41卷 1740-1752页

作者： Wei Shen Jiamin Zhu Yang Hu Jie yin Yao zheng Pinxian xi State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu730000 China School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials The University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia5005 Australia

With the rapid consumption of fossil fuels and the resulting environmental problems,researchers are working to find sustainable alternative energy and energy storage and conversion *** metal sulfur compounds have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent electrical conductivity,low cost,adjustable components and good electrocatalytic *** an alternative to noble metal catalysts,they have emerged as a promising ***,their low catalytic activity and poor stability limit their large-scale practical *** earth elements,known as industrial vitamins,are widely used in various fields due to their special redox properties,oxygen affinity and electronic ***,the construction of rare earth promoted transition metal sulfides is of far-reaching significance for the development of ***,we review the applications of various rare earth promoted transition metal sulfides in energy storage and conversion in recent years,which focuses on three ways in rare earth promoted transition metal sulfide,including doping,interfacial modification engineering and structural *** well,these materials are used in electrochemical reactions such as OER,HER,ORR,CO_(2)RR,and so on,in order to explore the important role of rare earth in the field of electrocatalysis,the future challenges and opportunities.

关键词： Rare earth Transition metal sulfide Electrocatalysis Doped Interface Water splitting Catalytic activity Redox reactions

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速度-准确性权衡的计算模型和其神经机制

应用心理学 2024年第5期30卷 457-469页

作者：郭鸣谦史康音王秀希拉德堡德大学行为科学研究所奈梅亨6525GD 成都师范学院教育与心理学院成都611130 华南师范大学心理学院广州510631 邯郸学院教育学院邯郸056005

速度-准确性权衡是决策和动作控制中常见的现象,人类和动物通常需要在确保正确率和提高反应速度之间做出权衡。研究人员通常使用计算模型对速度-准确性权衡进行建模。本文回顾了经典序列抽样模型和紧迫性信号类模型对速度-准确性权衡的... 详细信息

速度-准确性权衡是决策和动作控制中常见的现象,人类和动物通常需要在确保正确率和提高反应速度之间做出权衡。研究人员通常使用计算模型对速度-准确性权衡进行建模。本文回顾了经典序列抽样模型和紧迫性信号类模型对速度-准确性权衡的解释,总结了相关的神经成像研究。未来的研究应关注情境对速度-准确性权衡策略的影响,探索其与人格特质和其他认知功能的关系,进一步完善速度-准确性权衡的神经机制和计算模型之间的联系。

关键词：速度-准确性权衡计算模型漂移扩散模型紧迫门控模型

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Modeling the quasi-periodic oscillation of Swift J1644+57

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020年第2期20卷 31-36页

作者： Meng-Meng zheng Shuang-xi Yi Fa-yin Wang Yuan-Chuan Zou School of Physics and Physical Engineering Qufu Normal UniversityQufu 273165China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

A 200-second X-ray quasi-periodicity in the 2-8 ke V band from Swift J1644+57 was found by Reis et *** the onset time of quasi-periodic oscillation(QPO),we show that Swift J1644+57 is a plunging *** QPO may be related to discrete clumps from the accretion disk falling into a supermassive black hole,then the outflow in the jet may be also *** estimate the lifetime of clumps to be about several hundreds seconds and the fraction of clumpy ejecta to be about 30% from the *** other possible model involves the interface between the inflow and jet magnetosphere in the magnetically choked accretion *** and numerical simulations indicate that a magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz unstable magnetospheric interface can produce a jet-disk QPO *** event may be the first evidence of jet-disk *** observations,the two models are comparable.

关键词： accretion accretion discs gamma-ray burst:general radiation mechanism:non-thermal