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An evaluation of mass,number concentration,chemical composition and types of particles in a cafeteria before and after the passage of an antismoking law

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Particuology 2013年第5期11卷 527-532页

作者： Jorge Pey Barend L.van Drooge Anna Ripollb Teresa Moreno Joan O.Grimalt xavier querol.andres al.stuey Department of Epidemiology Lazio Regionvia S.Costanza5300198 RomeItaly Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research.ID/EA-CSIC C/Jordi Girona.18-2608034 BarcelonaSpain

This study assessed air quality indicators before and after enactment of the Spanish anti-smoking law. Mass and number concentrations and the chemical composition of particles were evaluated. Microscopy analyses were also conducted. Real time concentrations of PMlo, PM2.s, PM1 and ultrafine particles were measured under ventilated and non-ventilated conditions and PMlo samples were collected for detailed inorganic and organic chemical characterization. Before enactment of the law in 2010, tobacco smoke produced significant indoor ambient particulate matter pollution, with elevated particulate matter mass concentrations （PM10 and PM1 concentrations of 122-220 and 48-85 Dg/m3, respectively） and ultrafine particle numbers （75,000 and 48,000 cm ~ under ventilated and non-ventilated conditions, respectively）. Typical tobacco smoke tracers including iso- and anteiso-alkanes and elements including La and Ce from the ignition of lighters were abundant. Additionally, several toxic substances derived from tobacco smoke, including Cd （3.1 ng/m3） and benzo[a]pyrene （1.0 ng/m3） were present at concentrations approximately 10 times greater than those measured after enactment of the anti-smoking law. The anti-smoking law sig- nificantly reduced exposure to potentially toxic compounds by approximately 90%. This law is expected to have a positive health impact, particularly for people who spend considerable time in affected envi- ronments, such as employees.

关键词： Indoor airParticulate matterUltrafine particlesNucleationCoagulation-condensationEnvironmental tobacco smoke

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The potential leaching and mobilization of trace elements from FGD-gypsum of a coal-fired power plant under water re-circulation conditions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第6期27卷 72-80页

作者： Patricia Córdoba Iria Castro Mercedes Maroto-Valer xavier querol Centre for Innovation on Carbon Capture and Storage Institute of Mechanical Process and Energy Engineering Heriot-Watt University Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research

Experimental and geochemical modelling studies were carried out to identify mineral and solid phases containing major, minor, and trace elements and the mechanism of the retention of these elements in Flue Gas Desulphurisation（FGD）-gypsum samples from a coal-fired power plant under filtered water recirculation to the scrubber and forced oxidation conditions. The role of the p H and related environmental factors on the mobility of Li, Ni, Zn, As, Se, Mo, and U from FGD-gypsums for a comprehensive assessment of element leaching behaviour were also carried out. Results show that the extraction rate of the studied elements generally increases with decreasing the p H value of the FGD-gypsum leachates. The increase of the mobility of elements such as U, Se, and As in the FGD-gypsum entails the modification of their aqueous speciation in the leachates; UO2SO4, H2 Se, and HAs O2 are the aqueous complexes with the highest activities under acidic *** speciation of Zn, Li, and Ni is not affected in spite of p H changes; these elements occur as free cations and associated to SO4 ^2 in the FGD-gypsum leachates. The mobility of Cu and Mo decreases by decreasing the p H of the FGD-gypsum leachates, which might be associated to the precipitation of Cu Se2 and Mo Se2, respectively. Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry of the solid phase combined with geochemical modelling of the aqueous phase has proved useful in understanding the mobility and geochemical behaviour of elements and their partitioning into FGD-gypsum samples.

关键词： Geochemical modelling studies Trace elements Leaching Landfills FGD-gypsum ToF mass spectrometry

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Geochemical Characteristics of Early Permian Pyroclastic Rocks in the Jimunai Basin,West Junggar,Xinjiang(NW China):Implications for Provenance and Tectonic Setting

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2021年第3期95卷 794-809页

作者： SHANGGUAN Yunfei ZHUANG Xinguo LI Baoqing LI Jing querol xavier LIU Shunbin Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research IDÆA-CSIC C/Jordi Girona18–26Barcelona 08034Spain Xinjiang Bureau of Prospecting and Development of Geology and Mineral Resources Urumqi 830000China

During the Late Paleozoic,West Junggar(Xinjiang,NW China)experienced a shift in tectonic setting from compression to ***'erjiao is an important area for investigating collisional structures,post–collisional structures,and magmatic *** on the petrological and geochemical characteristics of pyroclastic and other volcanic rocks in the Permian Kalagang Formation from the borehole ZKH1205 in the Jimunai Basin,the main types of source rock for the pyroclastic rocks deposited in the basin are identified and their implications for the Early Permian tectonic setting *** abundance of basalt and andesite lithic fragments in the pyroclastic rocks,together with the REE characteristics and the contents of transition and high field strength elements show that the source rocks were chiefly intermediate–basic volcanic *** ICV values,low CIA values,low Rb/Sr ratios,low Th/U ratios and the mineralogical features suggest weak chemical weathering of the source rocks;the geochemical patterns of the pyroclastic rocks might not only have been impacted by crustal contamination but also might be related to the nature of the magma from the source *** geochemical properties of the pyroclastic rocks distinguish them from arc-related ones,and such samples plot in the within-plate basalt(WPB)field in some *** is consistent with the formation background of the Early Permian volcanic rocks in this region.

关键词： pyroclastic rock provenance tectonic setting Kungurian Central Asian Orogenic Belt

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Chemistry and particle size distribution of respirable coal dust in underground mines in Central Eastern Europe

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2022年第1期9卷 200-216页

作者： Pedro Trechera xavier querol Robert Lah Diane Johnson aleksander Wrana Ben Williamson Teresa Moreno Instituto de Diagnostico Ambiental Y Estudios del Agua Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas(IDAEACSIC)C/Jordi Girona 18‑2608034 BarcelonaSpain Department of Natural Resources and Environment Industrial and TIC Engineering(EMIT-UPC)08242 ManresaSpain Premogovnik Velenje d.d Partizanskacesta 783320 VelenjeSlovenia Camborne School of Mines University of ExeterPenrynCornwall TR109FEUK Department of Extraction Technology and Mining Support Central Mining Institute(GIG)40‑166 KatowicePlacGwarkow 1Poland

Despite international efforts to limit worker exposure to coal dust,it continues to impact the health of thousands of miners across *** coal dust has been studied to improve risk models and its control to protect *** size distribution analyses shows that using spraying systems to suppress airborne dusts can reduce particulate matter concentrations and that coals with higher ash yields produce finer *** are marked chemical differences between parent coals and relatively coarse deposited dusts(up to _(500)μm,DD_(500)).Enrichments in Ca,K,Ba,Se,Pb,Cr,Mo,Ni and especially As,Sn,Cu,Zn and Sb in the finest respirable dust fractions could originate from:(i)mechanical machinery wear;(ii)variations in coal mineralogy;(iii)coal fly ash used in shotcrete,and carbonates used to reduce the risk of *** enrichments in Ca in mine dusts are attributed to the use of such concrete,and elevated K to raised levels of phyllosilicate mineral *** concentrations are higher in the parent coal than in the DD_(500),probably due to relatively lower levels of organic *** concentrations of all elements observed in this study remained below occupational exposure limits.

关键词： Coal dust Deposited dust Respirable dust Particle size distribution Dust chemistry PM10 coal dust exposure

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Synthesis of zeolites using fly ash and their application in removing heavy metals from waters

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Science China Earth Sciences 2003年第9期46卷 967-976页

作者：王焰新郭永龙杨志华蔡鹤生 xavier querol Department of Hydrogeology and Environmental Engineering China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China Coal Resource Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of China China University of Mining and Technology Beijing 100083 China Institute of Earth Sciences "Jaume almera" CSIC 08028 Barcelona Spain

Three types of zeolite (NaP1 zeolite, analcime and chabazite) were hydrothermally synthesized by reacting fly ash with NaOH solution. The maximum conversion rate from fly ash to single zeolite is about 40%—75%, and the total conversion rate 60%—80%. The synthesis experimental results indicate that factors including vortex, viscosity, temperature, reaction time, and NaOH concentration in the reaction system strongly affect the type and conversion rate of zeolites. The batch experiments of removing Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ from wastewaters show that the adsorption capacity of zeolites synthesized is higher than that of fly ash.

关键词： coal fly ash, hydrothermal synthesis, zeolite, heavy metal, wastewater, adsorption.

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Ionic Species Affect the Self-Propulsion of Urease-Powered Micromotors

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Research 2020年第1期2020卷 349-362页

作者： xavier Arque xavier andres Rafael Mestre Bernard Ciraulo Jaime Ortega Arroyo Romain Quidant Tania Patino Samuel Sanchez Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia(IBEC) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology(BIST)Baldiri i Reixac 10-1208028 BarcelonaSpain Institute of Photonic Sciences(ICFO) The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyCarl Friedrich Gauss 308860 CastelldefelsBarcelonaSpain InstitucióCatalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats(ICREA) Pg.Lluís Companys 2308010 BarcelonaSpain Chemistry Department University of RomeTor VergataVia della Ricerca Scientifica00133 RomeItaly

Enzyme-powered motors self-propel through the catalysis of in situ bioavailable fuels,which makes them excellent candidates for biomedical ***,fundamental issues like their motion in biological fluids and the understanding of the propulsion mechanism are critical aspects to be tackled before a future application in ***,we investigated the physicochemical effects of ionic species on the self-propulsion of urease-powered *** showed that the presence of PBS,NaOH,NaCl,and HEPES reduced self-propulsion of urease-powered micromotors pointing towards iondependent mechanisms of *** studied the 3D motion of urease micromotors using digital holographic microscopy to rule out any motor-surface interaction as the cause of motion decay when salts are present in the *** order to protect and minimize the negative effect of ionic species on micromotors’performance,we coated the motors with methoxypolyethylene glycol amine(mPEG)showing higher speed compared to noncoated motors at intermediate ionic *** results provide new insights into the mechanism of urease-powered micromotors,study the effect of ionic media,and contribute with potential solutions to mitigate the reduction of mobility of enzyme-powered micromotors.

关键词： holographic salts catalysis

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Origin and SEM analysis of aerosols in the high mountain of Tenerife (Canary Islands)

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Natural Science 2010年第10期2卷 1119-1129页

作者： Juan D. Delgado Omaira E. García Ana M. Díaz Juan P. Díaz Francisco J. Expósito Emilio Cuevas xavier querol Andrés al.stuey Sonia Castillo 不详

Focusing on aerosolized matter of relevance to respiratory health, a major public health issue worldwide, we studied mineral and biological aerosol (bioaerosol) composition (TSP and PM2.5) and geographical origins during dust intrusions in the Canary Islands. Seven days’ back- ward trajectories were assessed daily during March 2004 with the ends of back trajectories being the sampling station of Iza?a (high moun- tain, 2360 m a.s.l. at the Ca?adas del Teide National Park, Tenerife island), a free troposphere site allowing characterization of dust with low influence of other pollutant sources. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to survey major types of airborne particles in the dust plumes. Control, non-intrusion conditions correspond to Atlantic oceanic middle troposphere (OMT) air masses. Of the 14 samples taken, 1 corresponded to a control (clear atmosphere conditions), and the remaining 13 to dust intrusions, with the following sources: African Dust;EAM: mixture of Europe, Africa and Oceanic;MaA: maritime aerosols. Of the air masses, 79% were directly transported to the islands from Africa, and an increase of African dust events was detected when comparing with a 52-year previous data sequence. Quartz microcristals and aggregates of quartz and platy clay were the dominant minerals identified, with marine salt and gypsum also present. Freshwater diatom tests (from two Aulacoseira species) represented the most important biogenic aerosols, although fungi and pollen were also detected. The diverse and complex mixture of respirable particles in large quantities in airborne dust, especially from nearby Sahara and from the Sahelian region, is of maximum interest for air- way pathology in the Canaries, including the highly visited highlands in Tenerife.

关键词： allergens Bioaerosols Diatoms High altitude Desert dust intrusion Public health Scanning electron microscopy

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