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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-related hepatocellular carcinoma:Is there a role for immunotherapy?

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第28期28卷 3595-3607页

作者： Ângelo Z Mattos Jose D Debes Arndt Vogel Marco Arrese xavier Revelo Tales Henrique S Pase Muriel Manica Angelo A Mattos Graduate Program in Medicine:Hepatology Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90050-170Brazil Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90050-170Brazil Department of Medicine University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus Medical CenterRotterdam 999025Netherlands Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and EndocrinologyHannover Medical SchoolHannover 30625Germany Department of Gastroenterology School of Medicine and Center for Aging and RegenerationFaculty of Biological SciencesPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago 3580000Chile Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455United States Internal Medicine Unit Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90020-090Brazil

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is among the most common cancers and it is a major cause of cancer-related ***-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)affects approximately one fourth of individuals worldwide and it is becoming one of the most important causes of *** pathogenic mechanisms leading to NAFLD-related HCC are complex and not completely ***,metabolic,fibrogenic,oncogenic,inflammatory and immunological pathways seem to be ***-line therapy of advanced HCC has recently undergone major changes,since the combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab was proven to increase survival when compared to *** immune-oncology drugs are also demonstrating promising results in patients with advanced HCC when compared to traditional systemic ***,initial studies raised concerns that the advantages of immunotherapy might depend on the underlying liver disease,which seems to be particularly important in NAFLD-related HCC,as these tumors might not benefit from *** article will review the mechanisms of NAFLD-related hepatocarcinogenesis,with an emphasis on its immune aspects,the efficacy of traditional systemic therapy for advanced NAFLD-related HCC,and the most recent data on the role of immunotherapy for this specific group of patients,showing that the management of this condition should be individualized and that a general recommendation cannot be made at this time.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatocarcinogenesis Immunology Immunotherapy Tyrosine kinase inhibitors

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Litter removal impacts on soil biodiversity and eucalypt plantation development in the seasonal tropics

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第3期34卷 735-748页

作者： Jonas Inkotte Barbara Bomfim Sarah Camelo da Silva Marco Bruno xavier Valadão Márcio Gonçalves da Rosa Roberta Batista Viana Alcides Gatto Reginaldo SPereira Department of Forestry Engineering University of BrasiliaBrasíliaDistrito FederalBrazil Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA SESI/SENAI Social Service Industry Santa Catarina StateChapecóBrazil

The little layer of tree plantations provides primary nutrients for uptake,buff ers changes in soil moisture,and provides habitat and substrate to soil epigeic ***,this layer in eucalypt plantations is often removed to reduce fuel load during the fi re season in the Brazilian savanna(Cerrado).Therefore,it is necessary to quantify the eff ects of changes in litter dynamics on the function of these plantations,on key nutrient cycling processes and on epigeic fauna diversity and *** two adjacent stands(one juvenile and one mature),the consequences of two years of litter removal were quantifi ed as monthly litterfall,leaf and fi ne wood litter decomposition,epigeic fauna abundance and diversity,soil biogeochemical variables,and tree diameter and basal area *** litterfall rates in juvenile and mature stands did not change with litter removal over the study *** litterfall ranged from 4.1 to 4.9 Mg ha^(−1)a^(−1)in litter removal plots and from 3.9 to 4.8 Mg ha^(−1)a^(−1)in control *** wood litter decomposition was slower in litter removal plots compared to controls,while leaf decomposition rates were similar in *** years of litter removal in the juvenile stand did not aff ect topsoil biogeochemical parameters but decreased available phosphorus at 20–40 cm depth relative to *** the mature stand,total cation exchange capacity(0–20 cm)was higher in controls(6.4 cmol c dm^(−3))relative to litter removal plots(6.3 cmol c dm^(−3)),while soil moisture(0–40 cm depth)was lower in litter removal(25.45 m 3 m^(−3))compared to control plots(26 m^(3)m^(−3))in the dry season.A non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination revealed an increased homogeneity in epigeic fauna where litter was ***,decomposition,diameter increment,four soil physical parameters and fourteen chemical parameters at 0–20 and 20–40 cm depth explained the diff erences in soil epigeic fauna composition between litter removal and control p

关键词： Cerrado Nutrient cycling Soil ecology Soil epigeic fauna Plantation management

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Photocatalytic degradation of the diazo dye naphthol blue black in water using MWCNT/Gd,N,S-TiO_2 nanocomposites under simulated solar light

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第7期27卷 219-228页

作者： Gcina Mamba xavier Yangkou Mbianda Ajay Kumar Mishra Department of Applied Chemistry University of Johannesburg Faculty of Science DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials School of Physics University of the Witwatersrand Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Unit College of Engineering Science and Technology University of South Africa Florida Campus

A simple sol-gel method was employed to prepare gadolinium, nitrogen and sulphur tridoped titania decorated on oxidised multiwalled carbon nanotubes（MWCNT/Gd,N,S-Ti O2）, using titanium（IV） butoxide and thiourea as titanium and nitrogen and sulphur source, respectively. Samples of varying gadolinium loadings（0.2%, 0.6%, 1.0% and3.0% Gd3＋） relative to titania were prepared to investigate the effect of gadolinium loading and the amounts of carbon nanotubes, nitrogen and sulphur were kept constant for all the samples. Furthermore, the prepared nanocomposites were evaluated for the degradation of naphthol blue black（NBB） in water under simulated solar light irradiation. Higher degradation efficiency（95.7%） was recorded for the MWCNT/Gd,N,S-Ti O2（0.6% Gd）nanocomposites. The higher photocatalytic activity is attributed to the combined effect of improved visible light absorption and charge separation due to the synergistic effect of Gd,MWCNTs, N, S and Ti O2. Total organic carbon（TOC） analysis revealed a higher degree of complete mineralisation of naphthol blue black（78.0% TOC removal） which minimises the possible formation of toxic degradation by-products such as the aromatic amines. The MWCNT/Gd,N,S-Ti O2（0.6% Gd） was fairly stable and could be re-used for five times,reaching a maximum degradation efficiency of 91.8% after the five cycles.

关键词： Gadolinium MWCNTs NBB Simulated solar light Tridoped titania

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Ionizable liposomal siRNA therapeutics enables potent and persistent treatment of Hepatitis B

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第3期7卷 802-815页

作者： Yuanyu Huang Shuquan Zheng Zhaoxu Guo xavier de Mollerat du Jeu Xing-Jie Liang Zhiwei Yang Hong-Yan Zhang Shan Gao Zicai Liang Suzhou Ribo Life Science Co.Ltd. Jiangsu 215300China Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science School of Life ScienceSchool of Medical Technology(Institute of Engineering Medicine)Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and BiotherapyKey Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Thermo Fisher Scientific CarlsbadCAUSA Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)National Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing 100190China

Small interfering RNA(siRNA)constitutes a promising therapeutic modality supporting the potential functional cure of hepatitis B.A novel ionizable lipidoid nanoparticle(RBP131)and a state-of-the-art lyophilization technology were developed in this study,enabling to deliver siRNA targeting apolipoprotein B(APOB)into the hepatocytes with an ED_(50)of 0.05 mg/kg after intravenous *** addition,according to the requirements of Investigational New Drug(IND)application,a potent siRNA targeting hepatitis B virus(HBV)was selected and encapsulated with RBP131 to fabricate a therapeutic formulation termed RB-HBV008.

关键词： injection APOB intravenous

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Implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol for head and neck cancer patients:Considerations and best practices

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2022年第2期8卷 91-95页

作者： Aman Prasad Kevin Chorath Louis-xavier Barrette Beatrice Go Jie Deng Alvaro Moreira Karthik Rajasekaran Perelman School of Medicine University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA School of Nursing Laboratory of Innovative&Translational Nursing ResearchUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Pediatrics University of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)protocols have been developed in numerous surgical specialties as a means of systematically improving patient recovery,functional outcomes,cost savings,and resource *** multidisciplinary initiatives seek to minimize variability in several aspects of perioperative patient care,helping to reduce inpatient length of hospital stay,complications,and the overall resource and financial burden of surgical *** and neck oncology patients stand to benefit from the implementation of comprehensive ERAS protocols,as these patients have complex medical needs that may dramatically impact multiple aspects of their recovery,including breathing,eating,nutrition,pain,speech,swallowing,and *** ERAS protocols for head and neck cancer patients may present unique challenges,and require significant interdisciplinary coordination and *** therefore sought to provide a comprehensive guide to the planning and institution of such ERAS systems at institutions undertaking care of head and neck cancer *** elements to consider in the implementation of successful ERAS protocols for this population include organizing a team consisting of frontline leaders such as nursing staff,medical specialists,and associated health professionals;designing interventions based on systematically evaluated,high-quality literature;and instituting a clear methodology for regularly updating protocols and auditing the success or potential limitations of a given *** obstacles to the success of ERAS interventions for head and neck cancer patients include challenges in systematically tracking progress of the protocol,as well as resource limitations in a given health system.

关键词： enhanced recovery after surgery ERAS head and neck oncology quality improvement

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Volumetric Vector-Based Representation for Indirect Illumination Caching

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2010年第5期25卷 925-932页

作者： Romain Pacanowski xavier Granier Christophe Schlick Pierre Poulin CEA-CESTA BP2 Le Barp33114France ACM INRIA Bordeaux Sud-Ouest/LaBRI-Bordeaux University Talence33405France State Key Lab of CAD&CG Zhejiang University LIGUM Dept.I.R.O.Universite de MontrealMontreal QCH3C 3J7Canada

This paper introduces a caching technique based on a volumetric representation that captures low-frequency indirect *** structure is intended for efficient storage and manipulation of *** is based on a 3D grid that stores a fixed set of irradiance *** preprocessing,this representation can be built using almost any existing global illumination *** rendering,the indirect illumination within a voxel is interpolated from its associated irradiance vectors,and is used as additional local light *** with other techniques,the 3D vector-based representation of our technique offers increased robustness against local geometric variations of a *** thus demonstrate that it may be employed as an efficient and high-quality caching data structure for bidirectional rendering techniques such as particle tracing or photon mapping.

关键词： caching for global illumination photon mapping particle tracing

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Direct measurement of electrocaloric effect in P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)film using infrared imaging

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Journal of Materiomics 2023年第2期9卷 256-260页

作者： Ashwath Aravindhan Pierre Lheritier Alvar Torello Uros Prah Youri Nouchokgwe Asmaa El Moul xavier Chevalier Fabrice Domingues Dos Santos Emmanuel Defay Veronika Kovacova Materials Research and Technology Department Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology(LIST)41 Rue du BrillL-4422BelvauxLuxembourg University of Luxembourg 2 Avenue de l’UniversiteEsch-sur-AlzetteL-4365Luxembourg Arkema e Piezotech CRRA Rue Henri Moissan69493Pierre Benite CedexFrance

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene)P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)is a relaxor ferroelectric polymer,which exhibits a temperature-independent electrocaloric effect at room *** this work,the electrocaloric effect in P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)film was directly analysed using infrared imaging.P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)64.8%/27.4%/7.8%(in mole)film of(15±1)mm thickness was deposited on polyethylene naphthalate *** ECE of P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)film was measured from 15 to 35C at different electric fields.A maximum adiabatic temperature change(DTad)of 3.58 K was measured during the cooling cycle at a field of 100 V/mm at 30*** element analysis of temperature dissipation through the sample estimated that the actual temperature change within P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)film was 4.3 *** the thermal mass of the substrate,a substantial ECE was observed in P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)*** electrocaloric terpolymer composition could be of interest for electrocaloric cooling applications.

关键词： Direct measurement Electrocaloric effect P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) Relaxor ferroelectric polymer Infrared imaging Finite element analysis

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Implicit large eddy simulation of unsteady cloud cavitation around a plane-convex hydrofoil

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2015年第6期27卷 815-823页

作者： HIDALGO Victor 罗先武 ESCALER xavier 季斌 AGUINAGA Alvaro Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology Tsinghua University CDIF Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya School of Power and Mechanical Engineering Wuhan University Mechanical Engineering Department Escuela Politecnica Nacional University

The present paper focuses on the erosive cavitation behavior around a plane convex hydrofoil. The Zwart-Gerber-Belamri cavitation model is implemented in a library form to be used with the OpenFOAM. The implicit large eddy simulation （ILES） is app- lied to analyze the three-dimensional unsteady cavitating flow around a plane convex hydrofoil. The numerical results in the cases under the hydrodynamic conditions, which were experimentally tested at the high speed cavitation tunnel of the l^cole Polytechnique F6d＆ale de Lausanne （EPFL）, clearly show the sheet cavitation development, the shedding and the collapse of vapor clouds. It is noted that the cavitation evolutions including the maximum vapor length, the detachment and the oscillation frequency, are captured fairly well. Furthermore, the pressure pulses due to the cavitation development as well as the complex vortex structures are reasona- bly well predicted. Consequently, it may be concluded that the present numerical method can be used to investigate the unsteady cavitation around hydrofoils with a satisfactory accuracy.

关键词： implicit large eddy simulation (ILES) unsteady partial cavitation Zwart-Gerber-Belamri cavitation model OpenFOAM,Q - criterion

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Optical mode study of III-V-nanowire-based nanophotonic crystals for an integrated infrared band microlaser

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Photonics Research 2014年第6期2卷 182-185页

作者： Zhen Lin Michel Gendry xavier Letartre Universitéde Lyon Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon(INL)UMR CNRS 5270Ecole Centrale de Lyon36 avenue Guy de CollongueF 69134 Ecully CedexFrance

In this paper,we study an original strategy to generate an infrared waveband microlaser by an integrated III–V-nanowire(NW)-based photonic array for on-chip *** optical modes of the III–V-NW-based photonic array are investigated for utilization as an all-in-one gain medium,waveguide,and *** designs of periodic arrays of InP NWs with different polarization TM and TE modes are studied by 3D electromagnetic simulation finite difference time domain to optimize the resonant active photonic crystal(hybrid Bloch modes)in the infrared band at 1.3μ*** to our calculations,NWs larger than 0.2μm in diameter are needed to conceive optic modes inside NW photonics in TM ***,smaller NW photonics,such as 0.1μm in diameter,can obtain only the TE mode inside the *** phenomenon is theoretically illustrated by the dispersive curves of NW-based *** aims at demonstrating that the slow velocity mode inside the NW photonics will cause amplification of lightwaves and generate microlasers in the infrared band at 1.3μ*** studies are of prime importance for further microlaser integration to silicon-on-insulator(SOI)waveguides for on-chip optical interconnects.

关键词： laser polarization waveguide

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Quantum Transport Properties of Chemically Functionalized Long Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes

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Nano Research 2010年第4期3卷 288-295页

作者： Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla xavier Blase Stephan Roche Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique 38054 Grenoble CedexFrance Institut Néel CNRS and UniversitéJoseph FourierB.P.16638042 Grenoble Cedex 09France CIN2(CSIC-ICN)Barcelona Campus UABE-08193 BellaterraSpain

We present a first-principles study of the electronic transport properties of micrometer long semiconducting carbon nanotubes randomly covered with carbene functional groups. Whereas prior studies suggested that metallic tubes are hardly affected by such addends, we show here that the conductance of semiconducting tubes with standard diameter is, on the contrary, severely damaged. The configurational-averaged conductance as a function of tube diameter, with a coverage of up to one hundred molecules, is extracted. Our results indicate that the search for a conductance-preserving covalent functionalization route remains a challenging issue.

关键词： Nanotubes functionalization carbene electronic transport

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