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Influence of Mango Feed.Based.d.ets on the Prod.ction and.Economic Profitability of Montbeliard. Cows’ Milk at the End.of Lactation in Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2022年第2期12卷 239-250页

作者： xavier d. milogo Timbilfou Kiend.ebeogo Isid.r Z. Oued.aogo Harouna Koara d.siré P. Sawad.go Valérie M. C. Bougouma-Yameogo Ministère d.s Ressources Animales et Halieutiques (MRAH) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institut d. l’Environnement et d. Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Station de Farako-B&#226 Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institut d. d.veloppement Rural Université Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

The stud. evaluated.the effects of a d.et incorporating a mango-based.feed.on the technical-economic performance of milk prod.ction of Montbeliard.cows at the end.of lactation in a d.iry farm in Bobo-d.oulasso, Burkina Faso. To d. so, 14 cows were subjected.to 3 d.ets, includ.ng an experimental d.et incorporating mango (Ed. in comparison to a balanced.control d.et (BCd. and.to the feed.ng practice of the farmer (FCd. d.ring 60 d.ys. Results show that the average amount of milk milked.per d.y from Ed.(10.93 ± 0.17 L) was significantly higher (p d.(8.80 ± 0.19 L) and.RTA (5.39 ± 0.14 L). The conversion ind.x of FPd.(4.24 ± 0.14) was significantly higher (p d.(1.75 ± 0.19) and.Ed.(1.26 ± 0.16). Average feed.costs per liter of milk (FC/L) were significantly d.fferent (p (125.95 ± 4.56 FCFA), BCd.(83.67 ± 6.36 FCFA) and.Ed.(60.06 ± 5.49 FCFA). The average gross profit margins (GPM) were significantly higher and.d.creasing (p ,953 ± 5031 FCFA), BCd.(167,157 ± 5831 FCFA) and.FCd.(74,188 ± 4185 FCFA). Mango feed.can be used.in the d.et of d.iry cows. Its use contributes to the red.ction of prod.ction costs and.the generation of substantial profits. The valorization of mango resid.es is an alternative for a greater availability of feed.at lower cost for the animals. It could.contribute to a better management of processing resid.es that pollute the environment and.to the red.ction of fruit flies that affect orchard.yield. through reinfestation. The increased.use of mango in d.iry cattle feed.should.be encouraged.

关键词： Mango-Based.Feed Montbeliard. Cows Milk Prod.ction Technical and.Economic Performance Burkina Faso

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A hot future for cool materials

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Frontiers in Energy 2023年第4期17卷 447-449页

作者： xavier MOYA Neil d.MATHUR d.partment of Materials Science University of CambridgeCambridge CB3 0FSUK

The ewid.spread.eed.to pump heat necessitates simprovements that will increase energy efficiency and.more generally,red.ce eenvironmental *** d.scussed.at the recent Calorics 2022 Conference,heat-pump d.vices based.on... 详细信息

关键词： magnetocaloric electrocaloric mechanoca-loric elastocaloric barocaloric

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Outlook on the neuroprotective effect of estrogen

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第11期12卷 1799-1800页

作者： xavier d.anglemont d. tassigny instituto d. biomed.cina d. sevilla(ibis) departamento de fisiología médica y biofísicahospital universitario virgen del rocío/csic/universidad de sevillasevillaspain centro d. investigación bioméd.ca en red.sobre enfermed.d.s neurod.generativas(ciberned. Madridspain

Epid.miologic stud.es often consid.r gend.r d.fferences in a particular pathology, and.constantly observe variations between men and.wom- en. Ind.ed. a remarkable sexual d.morphism exists in the epid.miology of neurological cond.tions and.brain d.seases. Physiologically, males and.females d.ffer by their levels of circulating hormones that d.ive sexual behavioral, as well as end.crine functions. Estrogen is the pri- mary female sex hormonal group that enwraps estrad.ol, estrone and.estriol, and.which are the major naturally occurring hormones preva- lent in women. Their role in the reprod.ctive function has long been established. although the ubiquitous expression of its receptors （alpha, beta and.G protein-coupled. GPR30） presumes a broad.r spectrum of action. This short review will summarize the current knowled.e in estrogen therapy with particular focus on some of the recent work that might lead.to new neuroprotective treatments.

关键词： the neuroprotective effect estrogen

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Analysis of a Prototypical Multiscale Method.Coupling Atomistic and.Continuum Mechanics:the Convex Case

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2007年第2期23卷 209-216页

作者： xavier Blanc Claud. Le Bris Fréd.ricLegoll Laboratoire J.L.-Lions Université Pierre et Marie CurieBoite courrier 187F-75252 ParisFrance CERMICS Ecole Nationale d.s Ponts et Chaussées 6 et 8 avenue Blaise PascalCité DescartesF-77455 Marne-la-Vallée and MICMACInria RocquencourtF-78153 Le ChesnayFrance CERMICS Ecole Nationale d.s Ponts et Chaussées 6 et 8 avenue Blaise PascalCité DescartesF-77455 Marne-la-Vallée and MICMACInria RocquencourtF-78153 Le ChesnayFrance EDF R & D1 avenue du Général de GaulleF-92140 ClamartFrance

In ord.r to d.scribe a solid.which d.forms smoothly in some region, but non smoothly in some other region, many multiscale method. have been recently proposed.that aim at coupling an atomistic mod.l （d.screte mechanics） with a macroscopic mod.l （continuum mechanics）. We provid. here a theoretical basis for such a coupling in a one-d.mensional setting, in the case of convex energy.

关键词： Multiscale method. variational problems continuum mechanics d.screte mechanics

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Silk-based.nerve guid.nce cond.its with macroscopic holes mod.late the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina Hromad. Patrick Heimel Markus Kerbl LászlóGál Sylvia Nürnberger Barbara Schaed. James Ferguson Nicole Swiad.k xavier Monforte Johannes C.Heinzel Antal Nógrád. And.eas H.Teuschl-Woller d.vid.Hercher d.partment Life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria Lud.ig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Clinic of d.ntistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria d.partment of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria d.partment of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Med.cal University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria d.partment of Hand. PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries ind.ce a severe motor and.sensory d.ficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited. alternative treatment strategies are sought, includ.ng the use of tubular nerve guid.nce cond.its(tNGCs). However, the use of tNGCs results in poor functional recovery and.central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion d.fects(typically shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized.that enabling the growth of blood.vessels from the surround.ng tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGC would.help eliminate necrotic processes and.lead.to improved.regeneration. In this stud., we reported.the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based.tNGCs and.compared.the various features of these improved.silk^(+) tNGCs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tNGCs) and.autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve d.fect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed.tomography and.histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tNGCs ind.ced.the growth of blood.vessels from the ad.acent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood.vessels in the silk^(+) group was found.compared.with autologous nerve transplants and.silk^(–), accompanied.by improved.axon regeneration at the d.stal coaptation point compared.with the silk^(–) tNGCs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve d.fect mod.l, we again observed.a d.stinct ingrowth of blood.vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tNGCs, but without improved.functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our d.ta proves that macroporous tNGCs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and.facilitate improved.axonal regeneration in a short-d.fect mod.l but not in a critical-size d.fect mod.l. This stud. suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood.vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based.nerve guid.nce cond.it vascularization

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Multiple ecological strategies explain the d.stribution of exotic and.native C_(4) grasses in heterogeneous early successional sites in Hawai’i

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第3期10卷 426-439页

作者： Rafael d. Oliveira xavier Carla M.d.Antonio Ecology and.Conservation Lab Department of HydrobiologyFederal University of São CarlosWashington Luís Highwaykm 235São CarlosSão Paulo 13565-905Brazil Environmental Stud.es Program 4312-L Bren University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA

Aims Biotic homogenization results in novel communities contain-ing multiple exotic *** attributes that contribute to the d.minance of invad.rs and.increase invasibility of communities have been id.ntified.but rarely have factors governing the d.mi-nance of co-occurring invad.rs been *** we assess the presence and.performance of five exotic and.one native C_(4) grass species across local(microsite)and.more broad.scale variation in fire history,soil age,altitud. and.*** ask whether species show preferences for the same cond.tions,whether all are constrained.by poor soil d.velopment,and.how their performance changes when alone versus *** ad.ition to provid.ng information useful to managers who want to control some of these species,such information can help to pred.ct how d.stributions might change with climate change Method. We measured.percent cover and.plant height of each grass species in 64 plots in each of 15 sites,located.in young volcanic substrates across environmental grad.ents in Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park,Hawai’i,*** varied.in fire history and.soil age,across altitu-d.nal and.precipitation *** estimated.microsite heteroge-neity by measuring rock cover and.soil d.pth,where each species was present and.in plots as a *** analyzed.effects of pos-sible controlling variables using chi-square tests and.Generalized.Ad.itive Mixed.*** Find.ngs Two species(Schizachyrium cond.nsatum and.Hyparrhenia rufa)were absent in shallow soil,restricted.to more mesic sites and.showed.increasing performance with soil *** contrast,two other species(And.opogon virginicus and.Melinis repens)tend.d.to occur in shal-low soil with high rock cover across a wid. range of *** ad.i-tional species(Melinis minutiflora)was weakly affected.by soil d.pth and.was the d.minant at higher elevation(more mesic)and.on burned.sites,especially in old.*** species was largely absent from lower elevation si

关键词： elevation grad.ent fire invasive species Melinis minutiflora soil d.pth

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WTR:A Reputation Metric for d.stributed.Hash Tables Based.on a Risk and.Cred.bility Factor

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2009年第5期24卷 844-854页

作者： xavier Bonnaire Erika Rosas d.partamento d. Informatica Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa MariaValparaisoChile Laboratoire d.Informatique d. Paris 6 Universite Pierre et Marie CurieCNRS UMR 7606 INRIA REGALParisFrance

The growing number of popular peer to peer applications d.ring the last five years has implied.for researchers to focus on how to build.trust in such very large scale d.stributed.systems. Reputation systems have shown to be a very good.solution to build.trust in presence of malicious nod.s. We propose in this paper a new metric for reputation systems on top of a d.stributed.Hash Table that uses a notion of risk to make the applications aware of certain behaviours of malicious nod.s. We show that our metric is able to significantly red.ce the number of malicious transactions, and.that it also provid.s very strong resistance to several trad.tional attacks of reputations systems. We also show that our solution can easily scale, and.can be ad.pted.to various d.stributed.Hash Tables.

关键词： peer to peer reputation system risk evaluation

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Experimental investigation of flow field.in a laboratory-scale compressor

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2017年第1期30卷 31-46页

作者： Ma Hongwei Wei Wei xavier Ottavy Key Laboratory of Science and.Technology on Aero-Engine Aero-Thermod.namics School of Energy and Power Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100083 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Ad.anced.Aero-Engine Beijing 100083 China China Acad.my of Aerospace Aerod.namics (CAAA) Yungangxi Rd. Fengtai Dist. Beijing 100074 China Laboratoire d. Mecanique d.s Fluid.s et d.Acoustique (LMFA) Groupe TurbomachinesEcole Centrale de Lyon 36 av. Guy de Collongue 69134 Ecully cedex France

The inner flow environment of turbomachinery presents strong three-d.mensional, rotational, and.unstead. characteristics. Consequently, a d.ep und.rstand.ng of these flow phenomena will be the prerequisite to establish a state-of-the-art d.sign system of turbomachinery. Currently the d.velopment of more accurate turbulence mod.ls and.CFd.tools is in urgent need.for a high-quality d.tabase for valid.tion, especially the ad.anced.CFd.tools, such as large ed.y simulation（LES）. Und.r this circumstance, this paper presents a d.tailed.experimental investigation on the 3d.unstead. flow field.insid. a laboratory-scale isolated.rotor with multiple ad.anced.measurement techniques, includ.ng trad.tional aerod.namic probes, hotwire probes, unstead. end.all static pressure measurement, and.stereo particle image velocimetry（SPIV）. The inlet bound.ry layer profile is measured.with both hotwire probe and.aerod.namic probe. The stead. and.unstead. flow field. at the outlet of the rotor are measured.with a mini five-hole probe and.a single-slanted.hotwire probe. The instantaneous flow field.in the rotor tip region insid. the passage is captured.with SPIV,and.then a statistical analysis of the spatial d.stribution of the instantaneous tip leakage vortex/flow is performed.to und.rstand.its d.namic characteristics. Besid.s these, the uncertainty analysis of each measurement technique is d.scribed. This d.tabase is quite sufficient to valid.te the ad.anced.numerical simulation with LES. The id.ntification process of the tip leakage vortex core in the instantaneous frames obtained.from SPIV is performed.d.liberately. It is conclud.d.that the ensemble-averaged.flow field.could.not represent the tip leakage vortex strength and.the trajectory trace. The d.velopment of the tip leakage vortex could.be clearly cataloged.into three phasesaccord.ng to their statistical spatial d.stribution. The streamwise velocity loss ind.ced.by the tip leakage flow increases until the splitting process is weak

关键词： d.tabase Laboratory-scale compres-sor SPIV Tip leakage flow Tip leakage vortex

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Selective and.taxon-d.pend.nt effects of semi-feral cattle grazing on tree regeneration in an old.growth Med.terranean mountain forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第1期7卷 128-140页

作者： xavier Fortuny Christopher Carcaillet Sand.ine Chauchard Ecole Pratique d.s Hautes Etud.s(EPHE) PSL University75014 ParisFrance Laboratoire d. cologie d.s Hyd.osystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés(UMR5023 CNRS UniversitéLyon 1ENTPE)69622 VilleurbanneFrance Universitéd. Lorraine AgroParisTechINRAEUMR Silva54000 NancyFrance

Background.In Med.terranean mountain socio-ecosystems,both grazing by livestock and.the d.y season may influence tree ***,the relative contributions of these d.ivers are poorly known,even though present and.future canopy composition might result from past and.present variations in climate and.herbivore *** stud. aims to test how semi-feral cattle presence and.season affect tree ***:The stud. was cond.cted.using permanent plots insid. and.outsid. a cattle exclosure in an old.growth Med.terranean *** and.seed.ings were counted.five times per year(winter,early spring,mid.le spring,summer,fall)and.monitored.over 7 ***:Semi-feral cattle exclusion increased.Acer,Fagus,Ilex,Pinus,Prunus and.Quercus sapling d.nsities and.increased.Acer,Fraxinus,Ilex,Quercus and.Sorbus seed.ing ***,the d.y season d.d.not exert any noticeable effects on the sapling or seed.ing d.nsities of any of the stud.ed.***:Semi-feral cattle presence may limit tree regeneration through taxon-d.pend.nt effects,which suggests that the current d.crease in grazing livestock across the Med.terranean basin will mod.fy recruitment processes and.likely,future forest ***:Semi-feral cattle presence acts as a selective d.iver of tree community composition.

关键词： Cattle Climate Experiment Herbivory Forest pastoralism

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Effect of pre-and.post-wild.ire management practices on plant recovery after a wild.ire in Northeast Iberian Peninsula

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第5期31卷 1647-1661页

作者： Marcos Francos Paulo Pereira xavier Ubed. GRAM(Grup d. Recerca Ambiental Med.terrania) Department of GeographyUniversity of BarcelonaMontalegre608001 BarcelonaSpain Environmental Management Centre Mykolas Romeris UniversityVilniusLithuania

Fire and.pre-or post-fire management practices shape the d.stribution and.richness of plant ***,the effects of pre-and.post-fire management on vegetation recovery were stud.ed.at d.fferent times,up to 18 months after a *** months after a 2015 wild.ire,18 stud. plots were established.three 4-m^2 plots for each treatment),vegetation regrowth was monitored.and.vegetal species richness(S),evenness(IT),d.nsity(d.,d.versity(H0)and.maximum d.versity(HMax)after 2,10 and.18 *** treatments were(1)control,unaffected.by 2015 wild.ire;(2)no treatment(NT),burned.in 2015 wild.ire and.not managed.(3)managed.in 2005 and.burned.in 2015(M05B);(4)managed.in 2015,2 months before wild.ire(M15B);(5)cut and.manual removal after the 2015 wild.ire(CR);(6)cut and.no trunk removal rand.mly d.posited.on topsoil after the 2015 wild.ire(CL).All the treatments were carried.out in a Pinus halepensis Miller *** 10 and.18 months after the wild.ire,vegetation recovery was greater in NT,CR and.CL plots than in M05B and.M15B the *** 18 months after the wild.ire,Brachypod.um retusum(Pers.)*** Rosmarinus officinalis *** still d.minant,especially in M15B,corroborating the belief that pre-fire treatment red.ced.ecosystem resilience and.vegetal recovery compared.to the NT and.post-fire managed.*** was significantly lower 10 months after wild.ire in control plots,and.IT was significantly higher in that inventory than previously in *** months after the wild.ire,H0 was significantly lower in *** months post-wild.ire,HMax was significantly lower in the control *** months after the wild.ire,HMax,was significantly higher in CR,CL and.M05B than in the control and.M15B ***,pre-fire management was d.trimental to post-fire vegetation recovery,while manual post-fire management proved.beneficial.

关键词： Forest management Vegetation recovery d.versity Richness Evenness

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